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Parareptilia, the Glossary

Parareptilia ("near-reptiles") is an extinct subclass or clade of basal sauropsids/reptiles, typically considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia (the group that likely contains all living reptiles and birds).^[1]

122 relations: Acerosodontosaurus, Acleistorhinidae, Amniote, Anapsid, Ankyramorpha, Araeoscelidia, Archelosauria, Archosauriformes, Archosauromorpha, Articular bone, Basal (phylogenetics), Bipedalism, Bolosauridae, Canine tooth, Captorhinida, Captorhinidae, Captorhinus, Carboniferous, Carbonodraco, Choristodera, Clade, Cladistics, Cladogram, Claudiosaurus, Convergent evolution, Coronoid process of the mandible, Crown group, Delorhynchus, Diadectomorpha, Diapsid, Eorhynchochelys, Erpetonyx, Eudibamus, Eunotosaurus, Eureptilia, Everett C. Olson, Gzhelian, Hovasaurus, Humerus, Hypsognathus, Ilium (bone), Jacques Gauthier, Jugal bone, Kuehneosauridae, Lacrimal bone, Lanthanosuchoidea, Lepidosauria, Lepidosauromorpha, Lizard, Maxilla, ... Expand index (72 more) »
Parareptiles
Permian reptiles
Rhaetian extinctions
Taxa named by Everett C. Olson
Triassic reptiles

Acerosodontosaurus

Acerosodontosaurus is an extinct genus of neodiapsid reptiles that lived during the Late Permian of Madagascar.

See Parareptilia and Acerosodontosaurus

Acleistorhinidae

Acleistorhinidae is an extinct family of Late Carboniferous and Early Permian-aged (Moscovian to Kungurian stage) parareptiles.

See Parareptilia and Acleistorhinidae

Amniote

Amniotes are tetrapod vertebrate animals belonging to the clade Amniota, a large group that comprises the vast majority of living terrestrial and semiaquatic vertebrates.

See Parareptilia and Amniote

Anapsid

An anapsid is an amniote whose skull lacks one or more skull openings (fenestra, or fossae) near the temples.

See Parareptilia and Anapsid

Ankyramorpha

Ankyramorpha ("anchor forms") is an extinct clade of procolophonomorph parareptiles which lived between the early Cisuralian epoch (middle Sakmarian stage) and the latest Triassic period (latest Rhaetian stage) of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Parareptilia and Ankyramorpha are Permian reptiles and Triassic reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Ankyramorpha

Araeoscelidia

Araeoscelidia or Araeoscelida is a clade of extinct amniotes (traditionally classified as diapsid reptiles) superficially resembling lizards, extending from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. Parareptilia and Araeoscelidia are Pennsylvanian first appearances.

See Parareptilia and Araeoscelidia

Archelosauria

Archelosauria is a clade grouping turtles and archosaurs (birds and crocodilians) and their fossil relatives, to the exclusion of lepidosaurs (the clade containing lizards, snakes and the tuatara).

See Parareptilia and Archelosauria

Archosauriformes

Archosauriformes (Greek for 'ruling lizards', and Latin for 'form') is a clade of diapsid reptiles encompassing archosaurs and some of their close relatives.

See Parareptilia and Archosauriformes

Archosauromorpha

Archosauromorpha (Greek for "ruling lizard forms") is a clade of diapsid reptiles containing all reptiles more closely related to archosaurs (such as crocodilians and dinosaurs, including birds) rather than lepidosaurs (such as tuataras, lizards, and snakes).

See Parareptilia and Archosauromorpha

Articular bone

The articular bone is part of the lower jaw of most vertebrates, including most jawed fish, amphibians, birds and various kinds of reptiles, as well as ancestral mammals.

See Parareptilia and Articular bone

Basal (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.

See Parareptilia and Basal (phylogenetics)

Bipedalism

Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an animal moves by means of its two rear (or lower) limbs or legs.

See Parareptilia and Bipedalism

Bolosauridae

Bolosauridae is an extinct family of parareptiles known from the latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian) to the early Guadalupian epoch (latest Roadian stage) of North America, China, Germany, Russia and France. Parareptilia and Bolosauridae are Permian reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Bolosauridae

Canine tooth

In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth.

See Parareptilia and Canine tooth

Captorhinida

Labidosaurus hamatus'' Captorhinida (older name: Cotylosauria) is a doubly paraphyletic grouping of early reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Captorhinida

Captorhinidae

Captorhinidae is an extinct family of tetrapods, typically considered primitive reptiles, known from the late Carboniferous to the Late Permian. Parareptilia and Captorhinidae are Pennsylvanian first appearances.

See Parareptilia and Captorhinidae

Captorhinus

Captorhinus (from καπτō, 'to gulp down' and ῥῑνός, 'nose') is an extinct genus of captorhinid reptiles that lived during the Permian period.

See Parareptilia and Captorhinus

Carboniferous

The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma.

See Parareptilia and Carboniferous

Carbonodraco

Carbonodraco is an extinct genus of acleistorhinid parareptile known from the Late Carboniferous of Ohio.

See Parareptilia and Carbonodraco

Choristodera

Choristodera (from the Greek χωριστός chōristos + δέρη dérē, 'separated neck') is an extinct order of semiaquatic diapsid reptiles that ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Triassic, to the Miocene (168 to 20 or possibly 11.6 million years ago).

See Parareptilia and Choristodera

Clade

In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.

See Parareptilia and Clade

Cladistics

Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry.

See Parareptilia and Cladistics

Cladogram

A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

See Parareptilia and Cladogram

Claudiosaurus

Claudiosaurus (claudus is Latin for 'lameness' and saurus means 'lizard') is an extinct genus of diapsid reptiles from the Late Permian Sakamena Formation of the Morondava Basin, Madagascar.

See Parareptilia and Claudiosaurus

Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time.

See Parareptilia and Convergent evolution

Coronoid process of the mandible

In human anatomy, the mandible's coronoid process (from Greek korōnē, denoting something hooked) is a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size.

See Parareptilia and Coronoid process of the mandible

Crown group

In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor.

See Parareptilia and Crown group

Delorhynchus

Delorhynchus is an extinct genus of lanthanosuchoid parareptile known from the late Early Permian (Artinskian age) Garber Formation of Comanche County, Oklahoma.

See Parareptilia and Delorhynchus

Diadectomorpha

Diadectomorpha is a clade of large tetrapods that lived in Euramerica during the Carboniferous and Early Permian periods and in Asia during Late Permian (Wuchiapingian), They have typically been classified as advanced reptiliomorphs (transitional between "amphibians" sensu lato and amniotes) positioned close to, but outside of the clade Amniota, though some recent research has recovered them as the sister group to the traditional Synapsida within Amniota, based on inner ear anatomy and cladistic analyses. Parareptilia and Diadectomorpha are Pennsylvanian first appearances.

See Parareptilia and Diadectomorpha

Diapsid

Diapsids ("two arches") are a clade of sauropsids, distinguished from more primitive eureptiles by the presence of two holes, known as temporal fenestrae, in each side of their skulls.

See Parareptilia and Diapsid

Eorhynchochelys

Eorhynchochelys (meaning "dawn-beaked turtle" in Greek) is an extinct genus of stem-turtle from the Late Triassic Xiaowa Formation (or Wayao Member of the Falang Formation) of southwestern China.

See Parareptilia and Eorhynchochelys

Erpetonyx

Erpetonyx is an extinct genus of bolosaurian parareptile from the Gzhelian stage of the Carboniferous period, with a single known species: Erpetonyx arsenaultorum. Parareptilia and Erpetonyx are parareptiles.

See Parareptilia and Erpetonyx

Eudibamus

Eudibamus is an extinct genus of biped bolosaurid reptile known from the Free State of Thuringia of central Germany.

See Parareptilia and Eudibamus

Eunotosaurus

Eunotosaurus (Latin: Stout-backed lizard) is an extinct genus of amniote, possibly a close relative of turtles.

See Parareptilia and Eunotosaurus

Eureptilia

Eureptilia ("true reptiles") is one of the two major subgroups of the clade Sauropsida, the other one being Parareptilia. Parareptilia and Eureptilia are taxa named by Everett C. Olson.

See Parareptilia and Eureptilia

Everett C. Olson

Everett Claire Olson (November 6, 1910 – November 27, 1993) was an American zoologist, paleontologist, and geologist noted for his seminal research of origin and evolution of vertebrate animals.

See Parareptilia and Everett C. Olson

Gzhelian

The Gzhelian is an age in the ICS geologic time scale or a stage in the stratigraphic column.

See Parareptilia and Gzhelian

Hovasaurus

Hovasaurus is an extinct genus of basal diapsid reptile.

See Parareptilia and Hovasaurus

Humerus

The humerus (humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.

See Parareptilia and Humerus

Hypsognathus

Hypsognathus (from ῠ̔́ψος, 'height' and γνάθος, 'jaw') is an extinct genus of procolophonid parareptile from the Late Triassic of New Jersey, Connecticut, and Nova Scotia.

See Parareptilia and Hypsognathus

Ilium (bone)

The ilium (ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.

See Parareptilia and Ilium (bone)

Jacques Gauthier

Jacques Armand Gauthier (born June 7, 1948, in New York City) is an American vertebrate paleontologist, comparative morphologist, and systematist, and one of the founders of the use of cladistics in biology.

See Parareptilia and Jacques Gauthier

Jugal bone

The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds.

See Parareptilia and Jugal bone

Kuehneosauridae

Kuehneosauridae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like gliding diapsids known from the Triassic period of Europe and North America. Parareptilia and Kuehneosauridae are Triassic reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Kuehneosauridae

Lacrimal bone

The lacrimal bones are two small and fragile bones of the facial skeleton; they are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit.

See Parareptilia and Lacrimal bone

Lanthanosuchoidea

Lanthanosuchoidea is an extinct superfamily of ankyramorph parareptiles from the middle Pennsylvanian to the middle Guadalupian epoch (Moscovian - Wordian stages) of Europe, North America and Asia. Parareptilia and Lanthanosuchoidea are Permian reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Lanthanosuchoidea

Lepidosauria

The Lepidosauria (from Greek meaning scaled lizards) is a subclass or superorder of reptiles, containing the orders Squamata and Rhynchocephalia.

See Parareptilia and Lepidosauria

Lepidosauromorpha

Lepidosauromorpha (in PhyloCode known as Pan-Lepidosauria) is a group of reptiles comprising all diapsids closer to lizards than to archosaurs (which include crocodiles and birds).

See Parareptilia and Lepidosauromorpha

Lizard

Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians), encompassing over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.

See Parareptilia and Lizard

Maxilla

In vertebrates, the maxilla (maxillae) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.

See Parareptilia and Maxilla

Mesosaur

Mesosaurs ("middle lizards") were a group of small aquatic reptiles that lived during the early Permian period (Cisuralian), roughly 299 to 270 million years ago. Parareptilia and Mesosaur are Permian reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Mesosaur

Mesosaurus

Mesosaurus (meaning "middle lizard") is an extinct genus of reptile from the Early Permian of southern Africa and South America.

See Parareptilia and Mesosaurus

Michel Laurin

Michel Laurin is a Canadian-born French vertebrate paleontologist whose specialities include the emergence of a land-based lifestyle among vertebrates, the evolution of body size and the origin and phylogeny of lissamphibians.

See Parareptilia and Michel Laurin

Milleretta

Milleretta is an extinct genus of millerettid parareptile from the Late Permian of South Africa.

See Parareptilia and Milleretta

Millerettidae

Millerettidae is an extinct family of parareptiles from the Middle Permian to the Late Permian period (Capitanian - Changhsingian stages) of South Africa. Parareptilia and Millerettidae are Permian reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Millerettidae

Millerosauria

Millerosauria is an order of Parareptiles that contains the families †Millerettidae and †Eunotosauridae. Parareptilia and Millerosauria are parareptiles.

See Parareptilia and Millerosauria

Molecular phylogenetics

Molecular phylogenetics is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships.

See Parareptilia and Molecular phylogenetics

Moscovian (Carboniferous)

The Moscovian is in the ICS geologic timescale a stage or age in the Pennsylvanian, the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous.

See Parareptilia and Moscovian (Carboniferous)

Neurocranium

In human anatomy, the neurocranium, also known as the braincase, brainpan, or brain-pan, is the upper and back part of the skull, which forms a protective case around the brain.

See Parareptilia and Neurocranium

Nycteroleteridae

Nycteroleteridae is a family of procolophonian parareptilians (extinct early reptiles) from the Middle to Late Permian of Russia and North America.

See Parareptilia and Nycteroleteridae

Nyctiphruretidae

Nyctiphruretidae is an extinct family of hallucicranian parareptiles known from the late Early to the late Middle Permian of European Russia and south-central United States.

See Parareptilia and Nyctiphruretidae

Nyctiphruretus

Nyctiphruretus (meaning "Guardian of the Night") is an extinct genus of nyctiphruretid parareptile known from the Guadalupian series (middle Permian) of European Russia.

See Parareptilia and Nyctiphruretus

Odontochelys

Odontochelys semitestacea (meaning "toothed turtle with a half-shell") is a Late Triassic relative of turtles before Pappochelys was discovered and Eunotosaurus was redescribed, Odontochelys was considered the oldest undisputed member of Pantestudines (i.e. a stem-turtle).

See Parareptilia and Odontochelys

Olecranon

The olecranon, is a large, thick, curved bony process on the proximal, posterior end of the ulna.

See Parareptilia and Olecranon

Orbit (anatomy)

In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.

See Parareptilia and Orbit (anatomy)

Palate

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals.

See Parareptilia and Palate

Palatine bone

In anatomy, the palatine bones (derived from the Latin palatum) are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species, located above the uvula in the throat.

See Parareptilia and Palatine bone

Paleothyris

Paleothyris was a small, agile, anapsid romeriidan reptile which lived in the Moscovian (Carboniferous) age of the Late Carboniferous in Nova Scotia.

See Parareptilia and Paleothyris

Paleozoic

The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.

See Parareptilia and Paleozoic

Pantestudines

Pantestudines or Pan-Testudines is the proposed group of all reptiles more closely related to turtles than to any other living animal.

See Parareptilia and Pantestudines

Pappochelys

Pappochelys (παπποχέλυς meaning "grandfather turtle" in Greek) is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile possibly related to turtles.

See Parareptilia and Pappochelys

Paraphyly

Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages.

See Parareptilia and Paraphyly

Pareiasauria

Pareiasaurs (meaning "cheek lizards") are an extinct clade of large, herbivorous parareptiles.

See Parareptilia and Pareiasauria

Pareiasauromorpha

Pareiasauromorpha is a group of parareptilian amniotes from the Permian.

See Parareptilia and Pareiasauromorpha

Permian

The Permian is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya.

See Parareptilia and Permian

Permian–Triassic extinction event

Approximately 251.9 million years ago, the Permian–Triassic (P–T, P–Tr) extinction event (PTME; also known as the Late Permian extinction event, the Latest Permian extinction event, the End-Permian extinction event, and colloquially as the Great Dying) forms the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, and with them the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.

See Parareptilia and Permian–Triassic extinction event

Phylogenetic tree

A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.

See Parareptilia and Phylogenetic tree

Placodontia

Placodonts ("tablet teeth") are an extinct order of marine reptiles that lived during the Triassic period, becoming extinct at the end of the period.

See Parareptilia and Placodontia

Placodus

Placodus (from plax, plakos, "a plate" and odous, "tooth") is an extinct genus of marine reptiles belonging to the order Placodontia, which swam in the shallow seas of the middle Triassic period (c. 240 million years ago).

See Parareptilia and Placodus

Postorbital bone

The postorbital is one of the bones in vertebrate skulls which forms a portion of the dermal skull roof and, sometimes, a ring about the orbit.

See Parareptilia and Postorbital bone

Postparietal

Postparietals are cranial bones present in fish and many tetrapods.

See Parareptilia and Postparietal

Prefrontal bone

The prefrontal bone is a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls.

See Parareptilia and Prefrontal bone

Procolophon

Procolophon (from πρό, 'before' and κολοφών, 'summit') is a genus of lizard-like procolophonid parareptiles that first appeared in the Early Triassic (Induan) of South Africa, Brazil, and Antarctica. Parareptilia and procolophon are Permian reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Procolophon

Procolophonia

Procolophonia is an extinct suborder (clade) of herbivorous reptiles that lived from the Middle Permian till the end of the Triassic period. Parareptilia and Procolophonia are Permian reptiles and Triassic reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Procolophonia

Procolophonidae

Procolophonidae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like parareptiles known from the Late Permian to Late Triassic that were distributed across Pangaea, having been reported from Europe, North America, China, South Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia.

See Parareptilia and Procolophonidae

Procolophonoidea

Procolophonoidea is an extinct superfamily of procolophonian parareptiles. Parareptilia and Procolophonoidea are Rhaetian extinctions.

See Parareptilia and Procolophonoidea

Procolophonomorpha

Procolophonomorpha is an order or clade containing most parareptiles.

See Parareptilia and Procolophonomorpha

Proganochelys

Proganochelys is a genus of extinct, primitive stem-turtle.

See Parareptilia and Proganochelys

Prolacerta

Prolacerta is a genus of archosauromorph from the lower Triassic of South Africa and Antarctica.

See Parareptilia and Prolacerta

Protorothyrididae

Protorothyrididae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like reptiles belonging to Eureptilia.

See Parareptilia and Protorothyrididae

Quadrate bone

The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids.

See Parareptilia and Quadrate bone

Quadratojugal bone

The quadratojugal is a skull bone present in many vertebrates, including some living reptiles and amphibians.

See Parareptilia and Quadratojugal bone

Reptile

Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with usually an ectothermic ('cold-blooded') metabolism and amniotic development.

See Parareptilia and Reptile

Rhaetian

The Rhaetian is the latest age of the Triassic Period (in geochronology) or the uppermost stage of the Triassic System (in chronostratigraphy).

See Parareptilia and Rhaetian

Rhynchocephalia

Rhynchocephalia is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living species, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) of New Zealand.

See Parareptilia and Rhynchocephalia

Rhynchosaur

Rhynchosaurs are a group of extinct herbivorous Triassic archosauromorph reptiles, belonging to the order Rhynchosauria. Parareptilia and Rhynchosaur are Triassic reptiles.

See Parareptilia and Rhynchosaur

Robert R. Reisz

Robert Rafael Reisz is a Canadian paleontologist and specialist in the study of early amniote and tetrapod evolution.

See Parareptilia and Robert R. Reisz

Sauropsida

Sauropsida (Greek for "lizard faces") is a clade of amniotes, broadly equivalent to the class Reptilia, though typically used in a broader sense to also include extinct stem-group relatives of modern reptiles and birds (which, as theropod dinosaurs, are nested within reptiles as more closely related to crocodilians than to lizards or turtles).

See Parareptilia and Sauropsida

Sauropterygia

Sauropterygia ("lizard flippers") is an extinct taxon of diverse, aquatic reptiles that developed from terrestrial ancestors soon after the end-Permian extinction and flourished during the Triassic before all except for the Plesiosauria became extinct at the end of that period.

See Parareptilia and Sauropterygia

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parareptilia

Also known as Parareptile, Parareptiles, Parareptilian, Parareptilians, Proganosauria, Testudinomorpha.

, Mesosaur, Mesosaurus, Michel Laurin, Milleretta, Millerettidae, Millerosauria, Molecular phylogenetics, Moscovian (Carboniferous), Neurocranium, Nycteroleteridae, Nyctiphruretidae, Nyctiphruretus, Odontochelys, Olecranon, Orbit (anatomy), Palate, Palatine bone, Paleothyris, Paleozoic, Pantestudines, Pappochelys, Paraphyly, Pareiasauria, Pareiasauromorpha, Permian, Permian–Triassic extinction event, Phylogenetic tree, Placodontia, Placodus, Postorbital bone, Postparietal, Prefrontal bone, Procolophon, Procolophonia, Procolophonidae, Procolophonoidea, Procolophonomorpha, Proganochelys, Prolacerta, Protorothyrididae, Quadrate bone, Quadratojugal bone, Reptile, Rhaetian, Rhynchocephalia, Rhynchosaur, Robert R. Reisz, Sauropsida, Sauropterygia, Saurosphargidae, Scapula, Scutosaurus, Seymouriamorpha, Sinosaurosphargis, Sister group, Squamata, Squamosal bone, Supratemporal bone, Surangular, Synapsida, Tabular bone, Taxon, Temporal fenestra, Testudinata, Triassic, Trilophosaurus, Turtle, Ulna, Vertebra, Wastebasket taxon, Youngina, Younginiformes.

Parareptilia, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Parareptiles

Permian reptiles

Rhaetian extinctions

Taxa named by Everett C. Olson

Triassic reptiles

References