Pathogen, the Glossary
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and -γενής, "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease.[1]
Table of Contents
221 relations: Academic Press, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Adenoviridae, African trypanosomiasis, Alphavirus, Amoebiasis, Amoxicillin, Amyloid, Anthrax vaccine, Antibiotic, Antigenic escape, Antimicrobial resistance, Aspergillus fumigatus, Athlete's foot, Autoimmune disease, Bacterial capsule, Bacteriophage, Baltimore classification, Basic reproduction number, Beta-lactam antibiotics, Biology, BioMed Central, Black lung disease, Bovine immunodeficiency virus, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, British Medical Bulletin, Broad-spectrum antibiotic, Campylobacter, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Cas9, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cestoda, Chagas disease, Chestnut blight, Chickenpox, Chikungunya, Cholera, Chronic wasting disease, Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone, Clostridium perfringens, Clotrimazole, Coal dust, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, CRISPR, CRISPR gene editing, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptosporidiosis, ... Expand index (171 more) »
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Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.
See Pathogen and Academic Press
Acanthamoeba keratitis
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare disease in which amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba invade the clear portion of the front (cornea) of the eye.
See Pathogen and Acanthamoeba keratitis
Adenoviridae
Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome.
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals.
See Pathogen and African trypanosomiasis
Alphavirus
Alphavirus is a genus of RNA viruses, the sole genus in the Togaviridae family.
Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic medication belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family.
Amyloid
Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red.
Anthrax vaccine
Anthrax vaccines are vaccines to prevent the livestock and human disease anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
See Pathogen and Anthrax vaccine
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
Antigenic escape
Antigenic escape, immune escape, immune evasion or escape mutation occurs when the immune system of a host, especially of a human being, is unable to respond to an infectious agent: the host's immune system is no longer able to recognize and eliminate a pathogen, such as a virus.
See Pathogen and Antigenic escape
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials (drugs used to treat infections).
See Pathogen and Antimicrobial resistance
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus fumigatus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus, and is one of the most common Aspergillus species to cause disease in individuals with an immunodeficiency.
See Pathogen and Aspergillus fumigatus
Athlete's foot, known medically as tinea pedis, is a common skin infection of the feet caused by a fungus.
See Pathogen and Athlete's foot
Autoimmune disease
An autoimmune disease is a condition that results from an anomalous response of the adaptive immune system, wherein it mistakenly targets and attacks healthy, functioning parts of the body as if they were foreign organisms.
See Pathogen and Autoimmune disease
Bacterial capsule
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria.
See Pathogen and Bacterial capsule
Bacteriophage
A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
See Pathogen and Bacteriophage
Baltimore classification
Baltimore classification is a system used to classify viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis.
See Pathogen and Baltimore classification
Basic reproduction number
In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number, or basic reproductive number (sometimes called basic reproduction ratio or basic reproductive rate), denoted R_0 (pronounced R nought or R zero), of an infection is the expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection.
See Pathogen and Basic reproduction number
Beta-lactam antibiotics
β-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure.
See Pathogen and Beta-lactam antibiotics
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
BioMed Central
BioMed Central (BMC) is a United Kingdom-based, for-profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals.
See Pathogen and BioMed Central
Black lung disease
Black lung disease (BLD), also known as coal workers' pneumoconiosis, or simply black lung, is an occupational type of pneumoconiosis caused by long-term inhalation and deposition of coal dust in the lungs and the consequent lung tissue's reaction to its presence. It is common in coal miners and others who work with coal.
See Pathogen and Black lung disease
Bovine immunodeficiency virus
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is a retrovirus belonging to the genus Lentivirus.
See Pathogen and Bovine immunodeficiency virus
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is an incurable and invariably fatal neurodegenerative disease of cattle.
See Pathogen and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
British Medical Bulletin
British Medical Bulletin is a quarterly peer-reviewed general medical journal that publishes review articles on a wide variety of medical subjects.
See Pathogen and British Medical Bulletin
Broad-spectrum antibiotic
A broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.
See Pathogen and Broad-spectrum antibiotic
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a type of bacteria that can cause a diarrheal disease in people.
See Pathogen and Campylobacter
Candida albicans
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human gut flora.
See Pathogen and Candida albicans
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast).
Cas9
Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9, formerly called Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a 160 kilodalton protein which plays a vital role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses and plasmids, and is heavily utilized in genetic engineering applications.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States.
See Pathogen and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Cestoda
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes).
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
See Pathogen and Chagas disease
Chestnut blight
The pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica) is a member of the Ascomycota (sac fungi).
See Pathogen and Chestnut blight
Chickenpox
Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family.
Chikungunya
Chikungunya is an infection caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
Chronic wasting disease
Chronic wasting disease (CWD), sometimes called zombie deer disease, is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affecting deer.
See Pathogen and Chronic wasting disease
Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone
Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (Ciprodex) is an antibiotic/steroid combination medication.
See Pathogen and Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium perfringens (formerly known as C. welchii, or Bacillus welchii) is a Gram-positive, bacillus (rod-shaped), anaerobic, spore-forming pathogenic bacterium of the genus Clostridium.
See Pathogen and Clostridium perfringens
Clotrimazole
Clotrimazole, sold under the brand name Lotrimin, among others, is an antifungal medication.
Coal dust
Coal dust is a fine-powdered form of coal which is created by the crushing, grinding, or pulverization of coal rock.
Coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds.
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease.
See Pathogen and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
CRISPR
CRISPR (an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea.
CRISPR gene editing
CRISPR gene editing (CRISPR, pronounced "crisper", refers to "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified.
See Pathogen and CRISPR gene editing
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast belonging to the class Tremellomycetes and an obligate aerobe that can live in both plants and animals.
See Pathogen and Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis, sometimes informally called crypto, is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium, a genus of protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
See Pathogen and Cryptosporidiosis
Denaturation (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose folded structure present in their native state due to various factors, including application of some external stress or compound, such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (e.g., alcohol or chloroform), agitation and radiation, or heat.
See Pathogen and Denaturation (biochemistry)
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas.
Dengue virus
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever.
Dermatophytosis
Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea and ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin (a dermatomycosis), that may affect skin, hair, and nails.
See Pathogen and Dermatophytosis
Dibotryon morbosum
Dibotryon morbosum or Apiosporina morbosa is a plant pathogen, which is the causal agent of black knot.
See Pathogen and Dibotryon morbosum
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Disease burden
Disease burden is the impact of a health problem as measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators.
See Pathogen and Disease burden
Disease vector
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen such as a parasite or microbe, to another living organism.
See Pathogen and Disease vector
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See Pathogen and DNA
DNA methyltransferase
In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase, DNMT) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA.
See Pathogen and DNA methyltransferase
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
Dordrecht
Dordrecht, historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland.
Doxycycline
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites.
Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles.
See Pathogen and Dutch elm disease
Ebola
Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by ebolaviruses.
Echinocandin
Echinocandins are a class of antifungal drugs that inhibit the synthesis of β-glucan in the fungal cell wall via noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme 1,3-β glucan synthase.
Ecological competence
Ecological competence is a term that has several different meanings that are dependent on the context it is used.
See Pathogen and Ecological competence
Emerging Pathogens Institute
The Emerging Pathogens Institute (EPI) is an interdisciplinary research institution associated with the University of Florida.
See Pathogen and Emerging Pathogens Institute
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Pathogen and Escherichia coli
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Evolutionary pressure
Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population, driving natural selection.
See Pathogen and Evolutionary pressure
Fatal insomnia
Fatal insomnia is an extremely rare neurodegenerative prion disease that results in trouble sleeping as its hallmark symptom.
See Pathogen and Fatal insomnia
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a Lentivirus that affects cats worldwide, with 2.5% to 4.4% of felines being infected.
See Pathogen and Feline immunodeficiency virus
Feline spongiform encephalopathy
Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the brains of felines.
See Pathogen and Feline spongiform encephalopathy
Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring.
See Pathogen and Fertilisation
Fluconazole
Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used for a number of fungal infections.
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
Genetic disorder
A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.
See Pathogen and Genetic disorder
Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (also known as genetic reshuffling) is the exchange of genetic material between different organisms which leads to production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
See Pathogen and Genetic recombination
Genetic transformation
In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).
See Pathogen and Genetic transformation
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
Germ theory of disease
The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases. Pathogen and germ theory of disease are Microbiology.
See Pathogen and Germ theory of disease
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is an extremely rare, always fatal (due to it being caused by prions) neurodegenerative disease that affects patients from 20 to 60 years in age.
See Pathogen and Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
Giardia duodenalis
Giardia duodenalis, also known as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia, is a flagellated parasitic protozoan microorganism of the genus Giardia that colonizes the small intestine, causing a diarrheal condition known as giardiasis.
See Pathogen and Giardia duodenalis
Giardiasis
Giardiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia and G. intestinalis).
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that unlike gram-positive bacteria do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation.
See Pathogen and Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
See Pathogen and Gram-positive bacteria
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic, capnophilic pathogenic bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae.
See Pathogen and Haemophilus influenzae
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, flagellated, helical bacterium.
See Pathogen and Helicobacter pylori
Helminthiasis
Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths.
See Pathogen and Helminthiasis
Hepadnaviridae
Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses.
See Pathogen and Hepadnaviridae
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); it is a type of viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis.
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.
Herpes
Herpes simplex, often known simply as herpes, is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus.
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known by their taxonomic names Human alphaherpesvirus 1 and Human alphaherpesvirus 2, are two members of the human ''Herpesviridae'' family, a set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans.
See Pathogen and Herpes simplex virus
Herpesviridae
Herpesviridae is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans.
See Pathogen and Herpesviridae
HIV
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.
See Pathogen and HIV
HIV/AIDS
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.
Hospital-acquired infection
A hospital-acquired infection, also known as a nosocomial infection (from the Greek, meaning "hospital"), is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility.
See Pathogen and Hospital-acquired infection
Human microbiome
The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and the biliary tract. Pathogen and human microbiome are Microbiology.
See Pathogen and Human microbiome
Human pathogen
A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. Pathogen and human pathogen are Microbiology.
See Pathogen and Human pathogen
Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromisation, is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent.
See Pathogen and Immunodeficiency
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system.
See Pathogen and Immunosuppression
Infectivity
In epidemiology, infectivity is the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection.
Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses.
Influenza vaccine
Influenza vaccines, colloquially known as flu shots, are vaccines that protect against infection by influenza viruses.
See Pathogen and Influenza vaccine
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclature for viruses.
See Pathogen and International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
The International Journal of Molecular Sciences is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research in chemistry, molecular physics, and molecular biology.
See Pathogen and International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.
See Pathogen and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Koch's postulates
Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease.
See Pathogen and Koch's postulates
Kuru (disease)
Kuru is a rare, incurable, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that was formerly common among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea.
See Pathogen and Kuru (disease)
Legionella pneumophila
Legionella pneumophila is an aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Legionella.
See Pathogen and Legionella pneumophila
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania.
See Pathogen and Leishmaniasis
Leprosy
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis.
See Pathogen and Listeria monocytogenes
Lupus
Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.
Lysogenic cycle
Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction (the lytic cycle being the other).
See Pathogen and Lysogenic cycle
Lytic cycle
The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction (referring to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages), the other being the lysogenic cycle.
Magnaporthe grisea
Magnaporthe grisea, also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, Johnson spot, neck blast, wheat blast and, is a plant-pathogenic fungus and model organism that causes a serious disease affecting rice.
See Pathogen and Magnaporthe grisea
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
Management of HIV/AIDS
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection.
See Pathogen and Management of HIV/AIDS
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable infectious disease caused by measles virus.
Meiosis
Meiosis ((since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid).
Meningitis
Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges.
Messenger RNA
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.
See Pathogen and Messenger RNA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
See Pathogen and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Microbial toxin
Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dinoflagellates, and viruses. Pathogen and Microbial toxin are Microbiology.
See Pathogen and Microbial toxin
Microbiology
Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells).
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
See Pathogen and Microorganism
MMR vaccine
The MMR vaccine is a vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles), abbreviated as MMR.
Monilinia fructicola
Monilinia fructicola is a species of fungus in the order Helotiales.
See Pathogen and Monilinia fructicola
Mosquito
Mosquitoes, the Culicidae, are a family of small flies consisting of 3,600 species.
Mumps
Mumps is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the mumps virus.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.
See Pathogen and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Naegleriasis
Naegleriasis, also known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), is an almost invariably fatal infection of the brain by the free-living unicellular eukaryote Naegleria fowleri.
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Pathogen and Nature (journal)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus (singular) or gonococci (plural), is a species of Gram-negative diplococci bacteria isolated by Albert Neisser in 1879.
See Pathogen and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Nematode
The nematodes (or; Νηματώδη; Nematoda), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda.
Nuclease
In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides of nucleic acids.
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.
Opportunistic infection
An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available.
See Pathogen and Opportunistic infection
Opsonin
Opsonins are extracellular proteins that, when bound to substances or cells, induce phagocytes to phagocytose the substances or cells with the opsonins bound.
Optimal virulence
Optimal virulence is a concept relating to the ecology of hosts and parasites.
See Pathogen and Optimal virulence
Organ dysfunction
Organ dysfunction is a condition where an organ does not perform its expected function.
See Pathogen and Organ dysfunction
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
Orthomyxoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae (from Greek ὀρθός, orthós 'straight' + μύξα, mýxa 'mucus') is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses.
See Pathogen and Orthomyxoviridae
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Pathogen and Oxford University Press
Papaya ringspot virus
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a pathogenic plant virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae which primarily infects the papaya tree.
See Pathogen and Papaya ringspot virus
Parasitic worm
Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are large macroparasites; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye.
See Pathogen and Parasitic worm
Parasitism
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
Parasitology
Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. Pathogen and Parasitology are Microbiology.
Parvoviridae
Parvoviruses are a family of animal viruses that constitute the family Parvoviridae.
Parvovirus B19
Human parvovirus B19, generally referred to as B19 virus (B19V), parvovirus B19 or sometimes erythrovirus B19, is a known human virus in the family Parvoviridae, genus Erythroparvovirus; it measures only 23–26 nm in diameter.
See Pathogen and Parvovirus B19
Pathogen transmission
In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.
See Pathogen and Pathogen transmission
Pathogenic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.
See Pathogen and Pathogenic bacteria
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.
PHI-base
The Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI-base) is a biological database that contains manually curated information on genes experimentally proven to affect the outcome of pathogen-host interactions.
Picornavirus
Picornaviruses are a group of related nonenveloped RNA viruses which infect vertebrates including fish, mammals, and birds.
Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).
See Pathogen and Plant pathology
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans.
See Pathogen and Plasmodium falciparum
Pneumococcal vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
See Pathogen and Pneumococcal vaccine
Potato spindle tuber viroid
The potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was the first viroid to be identified.
See Pathogen and Potato spindle tuber viroid
Poxviridae
Poxviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses.
Prion
A prion is a misfolded protein that can induce misfolding of normal variants of the same protein and trigger cellular death.
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Prototheca
Prototheca is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae.
Prototheca wickerhamii
Prototheca wickerhamii is a ubiquitous green alga that does not have chlorophyll.
See Pathogen and Prototheca wickerhamii
Protothecosis
Protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia, is a disease found in dogs, cats, cattle, and humans caused by a type of green alga known as Prototheca that lacks chlorophyll and enters the human or animal bloodstream.
See Pathogen and Protothecosis
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
Protozoan infection
Protozoan infections are parasitic diseases caused by organisms formerly classified in the kingdom Protozoa.
See Pathogen and Protozoan infection
Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella.
See Pathogen and Pseudomonas syringae
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals.
Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearum is an aerobic non-spore-forming, Gram-negative, plant pathogenic bacterium.
See Pathogen and Ralstonia solanacearum
Retrovirus
A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
Rhabdoviridae
Rhabdoviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales.
See Pathogen and Rhabdoviridae
Ribozyme
Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze specific biochemical reactions, including RNA splicing in gene expression, similar to the action of protein enzymes.
Rotavirus
Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children.
Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus.
Salmonella
Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Scrapie
Scrapie is a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the nervous systems of sheep and goats.
Sedoreoviridae
Sedoreoviridae (formerly Reoviridae) is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses.
See Pathogen and Sedoreoviridae
Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited.
See Pathogen and Sickle cell disease
Siderophore
Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.
Soil organic matter
Soil organic matter (SOM) is the organic matter component of soil, consisting of plant and animal detritus at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil microbes, and substances that soil microbes synthesize.
See Pathogen and Soil organic matter
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
See Pathogen and Springer Science+Business Media
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin.
See Pathogen and Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus.
See Pathogen and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pyogenes is a species of Gram-positive, aerotolerant bacteria in the genus Streptococcus.
See Pathogen and Streptococcus pyogenes
Susan Lindquist
Susan Lee Lindquist, ForMemRS (June 5, 1949 – October 27, 2016) was an American professor of biology at MIT specializing in molecular biology, particularly the protein folding problem within a family of molecules known as heat-shock proteins, and prions.
See Pathogen and Susan Lindquist
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
See Pathogen and Taylor & Francis
Tetanus
Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms.
The ISME Journal
The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers diverse and integrated areas of microbial ecology spanning the breadth of microbial life, including bacteria, archaea, microbial eukaryotes, and viruses.
See Pathogen and The ISME Journal
Tick
Ticks are parasitic arachnids of the order Ixodida.
Tinea cruris
Tinea cruris, also known as jock itch, is a common type of contagious, superficial fungal infection of the groin and buttocks region, which occurs predominantly but not exclusively in men and in hot-humid climates.
Tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus Tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae.
See Pathogen and Tobacco mosaic virus
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic protozoan (specifically an apicomplexan) that causes toxoplasmosis.
See Pathogen and Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan.
See Pathogen and Toxoplasmosis
Transmissible mink encephalopathy
Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a rare sporadic disease that affects the central nervous system of ranch-raised adult mink.
See Pathogen and Transmissible mink encephalopathy
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, are a group of progressive, incurable, and fatal conditions that are associated with prions and affect the brain and nervous system of many animals, including humans, cattle, and sheep.
See Pathogen and Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes or trematodes.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis (trich) is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
See Pathogen and Trichomoniasis
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei is a species of parasitic kinetoplastid belonging to the genus Trypanosoma that is present in sub-Saharan Africa.
See Pathogen and Trypanosoma brucei
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi.
See Pathogen and Typhoid fever
United States Department of Health and Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the U.S. federal government created to protect the health of the U.S. people and providing essential human services.
See Pathogen and United States Department of Health and Human Services
University of Texas Press
The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.
See Pathogen and University of Texas Press
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease.
Vaccinia
Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family.
Vaginal yeast infection
Vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidal vulvovaginitis and vaginal thrush, is excessive growth of yeast in the vagina that results in irritation.
See Pathogen and Vaginal yeast infection
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), commonly referred to as "mad cow disease" or "human mad cow disease" to distinguish it from its BSE counterpart, is a fatal type of brain disease within the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy family.
See Pathogen and Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Vertical transmission
Vertical transmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring.
See Pathogen and Vertical transmission
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a species of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacteria.
See Pathogen and Vibrio cholerae
Viroid
Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens.
Virulence
Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host.
Virulence factor
Virulence factors (preferably known as pathogenicity factors or effectors in botany) are cellular structures, molecules and regulatory systems that enable microbial pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa) to achieve the following.
See Pathogen and Virulence factor
Virusoid
Virusoids are circular single-stranded RNA(s) dependent on viruses for replication and encapsidation.
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
See Pathogen and World Health Organization
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration.
See also
Hazardous materials
- AIR Shipper
- Australian Dangerous Goods Code
- Consumption of Tide Pods
- Crotonaldehyde
- Dangerous goods
- Detergents
- Directive 67/548/EEC
- Emergency Response Guidebook
- HAZMAT Class 1 Explosives
- HAZMAT Class 2 Gases
- HAZMAT Class 3 Flammable liquids
- HAZMAT Class 4 Flammable solids
- HAZMAT Class 5 Oxidizing agents and organic peroxides
- HAZMAT Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances
- HAZMAT Class 7 Radioactive substances
- HAZMAT Class 8 Corrosive substances
- HAZMAT Class 9 Miscellaneous
- HAZWOPER
- Hazardous Material Emergency Alarm System
- Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
- Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996
- Hazardous substances in cultural heritage collections
- High production volume chemicals
- Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships
- Hydrogen transport
- List of accidents and incidents involving transport or storage of ammunition
- Lists of UN numbers
- Midwest Consortium for Hazardous Waste Worker Training
- NA/UN exceptions
- Nickel hydrazine nitrate
- Nuclear flask
- Nuclear fuel cycle
- Pathogen
- Pipe marking
- Process safety
- Safe handling of carcinogens
- Sedaxane
- Substance of very high concern
- UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
- United States House Transportation Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen
Also known as Causative agent, Disease agent, Germ (microorganism), Incitant, Infectious agent, Infectious agents, Infectious organism, Nosogenic, Pathogen evolution, Pathogenic, Pathogenic microbe, Pathogenic microbes, Pathogenic microbial, Pathogenic organism, Pathogenicity, Pathogens.
, Denaturation (biochemistry), Dengue fever, Dengue virus, Dermatophytosis, Dibotryon morbosum, Diphtheria, Disease burden, Disease vector, DNA, DNA methyltransferase, DNA repair, Dordrecht, Doxycycline, Dutch elm disease, Ebola, Echinocandin, Ecological competence, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Escherichia coli, Eukaryote, Evolutionary pressure, Fatal insomnia, Feline immunodeficiency virus, Feline spongiform encephalopathy, Fertilisation, Fluconazole, Fungus, Genetic disorder, Genetic recombination, Genetic transformation, Genome, Germ theory of disease, Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, Giardia duodenalis, Giardiasis, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Helminthiasis, Hepadnaviridae, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Herbivore, Herpes, Herpes simplex virus, Herpesviridae, HIV, HIV/AIDS, Hospital-acquired infection, Human microbiome, Human pathogen, Immunodeficiency, Immunosuppression, Infectivity, Influenza, Influenza vaccine, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Koch's postulates, Kuru (disease), Legionella pneumophila, Leishmaniasis, Leprosy, Listeria monocytogenes, Lupus, Lysogenic cycle, Lytic cycle, Magnaporthe grisea, Malaria, Management of HIV/AIDS, Measles, Meiosis, Meningitis, Messenger RNA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Microbial toxin, Microbiology, Microorganism, MMR vaccine, Monilinia fructicola, Mosquito, Mumps, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Naegleriasis, Nature (journal), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Nematode, Nuclease, Nucleic acid, Opportunistic infection, Opsonin, Optimal virulence, Organ dysfunction, Organism, Orthomyxoviridae, Oxford University Press, Papaya ringspot virus, Parasitic worm, Parasitism, Parasitology, Parvoviridae, Parvovirus B19, Pathogen transmission, Pathogenic bacteria, Phagocytosis, PHI-base, Picornavirus, Plant pathology, Plasmodium falciparum, Pneumococcal vaccine, Potato spindle tuber viroid, Poxviridae, Prion, Prokaryote, Prototheca, Prototheca wickerhamii, Protothecosis, Protozoa, Protozoan infection, Pseudomonas syringae, Rabies, Ralstonia solanacearum, Retrovirus, Rhabdoviridae, Ribozyme, Rotavirus, Rubella, Salmonella, Scrapie, Sedoreoviridae, Sickle cell disease, Siderophore, Smallpox, Soil organic matter, Springer Science+Business Media, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Susan Lindquist, Taylor & Francis, Tetanus, The ISME Journal, Tick, Tinea cruris, Tobacco mosaic virus, Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis, Transmissible mink encephalopathy, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Trematoda, Trichomoniasis, Trypanosoma brucei, Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever, United States Department of Health and Human Services, University of Texas Press, Vaccine, Vaccinia, Vaginal yeast infection, Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Vertical transmission, Vibrio cholerae, Viroid, Virulence, Virulence factor, Virusoid, World Health Organization, Yellow fever.