Patterns in nature, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 349 relations: A New Kind of Science, A Treatise on Painting, Academic Press, Adansonia, Adolf Zeising, Air fern, Alan Turing, Alexander Braun, Almond, Aloe polyphylla, Alphabet, Ancient Greek philosophy, Angelica, Angle of repose, Animal coloration, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apiaceae, Aposematism, Apricot, Aristid Lindenmayer, Aristotle, Arthur Harry Church, Asteraceae, Attractor, Auguste Bravais, Auxin, Avalanche, Barchan, Basalt, Bellis perennis, Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, Benoit Mandelbrot, Bighorn sheep, Biology, Bismuth, Bitruncated cubic honeycomb, Blood vessel, Bloomsbury Publishing, Brain coral, Bravais lattice, Brochosome, Bryozoa, Buckminster Fuller, Buckminsterfullerene, Butterfly effect, Cabbage, Camera (cephalopod), Camouflage, Capillary wave, Cauto River, ... Expand index (299 more) »

2. Nature
3. Pattern formation

A New Kind of Science

A New Kind of Science is a book by Stephen Wolfram, published by his company Wolfram Research under the imprint Wolfram Media in 2002.

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A Treatise on Painting

A Treatise on Painting (Trattato della pittura) is a collection of Leonardo da Vinci's writings entered in his notebooks under the general heading "On Painting".

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Academic Press

Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.

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Adansonia

Adansonia is a genus made up of eight species of medium-to-large deciduous trees known as baobabs or adansonias.

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Adolf Zeising

Adolf Zeising (24 September 181027 April 1876) was a German psychologist, whose main interests were mathematics and philosophy.

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Air fern

The air fern (Sertularia argentea) is a dead and dried colony of hydrozoans, a species of marine animal in the family Sertulariidae related to corals and jellyfish.

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Alan Turing

Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist.

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Alexander Braun

Braun was born in Regensburg (Ratisbon) where his father Alexander was a tax inspector in the postal department.

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Almond

The almond (Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis) is a species of tree from the genus Prunus.

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Aloe polyphylla

Aloe polyphylla, the spiral aloe, kroonaalwyn, lekhala kharetsa, or many-leaved aloe, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Aloe that is endemic to the Kingdom of Lesotho in the Drakensberg mountains.

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Alphabet

An alphabet is a standard set of letters written to represent particular sounds in a spoken language.

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Ancient Greek philosophy

Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.

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Angelica

Angelica is a genus of about 90 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far north as Iceland, Lapland, and Greenland.

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Angle of repose

The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, of a granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane on which the material can be piled without slumping.

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Animal coloration

Animal colouration is the general appearance of an animal resulting from the reflection or emission of light from its surfaces.

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Anthriscus sylvestris

Anthriscus sylvestris, known as cow parsley, wild chervil, wild beaked parsley, Queen Anne's lace or keck, is a herbaceous biennial or short-lived perennial plant in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae),.

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Apiaceae

Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers.

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Aposematism

Aposematism is the advertising by an animal, whether terrestrial or marine, to potential predators that it is not worth attacking or eating.

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Apricot

An apricot is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus Prunus.

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Aristid Lindenmayer

Aristid Lindenmayer (17 November 1925 – 30 October 1989) was a Hungarian biologist.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.

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Arthur Harry Church

Arthur Harry Church FRS (28 March 1865 – 24 April 1937) was a British botanist and botanical illustrator.

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Asteraceae

Asteraceae is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales.

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Attractor

In the mathematical field of dynamical systems, an attractor is a set of states toward which a system tends to evolve, for a wide variety of starting conditions of the system.

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Auguste Bravais

Auguste Bravais (23 August 1811, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 March 1863, Le Chesnay, France) was a French physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law.

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Auxin

Auxins (plural of auxin) are a class of plant hormones (or plant-growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics.

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Avalanche

An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain.

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Barchan

A barchan or barkhan dune (from Kazakh бархан) is a crescent-shaped dune.

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Basalt

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon.

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Bellis perennis

Bellis perennis, the daisy, is a European species of the family Asteraceae, often considered the archetypal species of the name daisy.

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Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction

A Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, is one of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. Patterns in nature and Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction are pattern formation.

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Benoit Mandelbrot

Benoit B. Mandelbrot (20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010) was a Polish-born French-American mathematician and polymath with broad interests in the practical sciences, especially regarding what he labeled as "the art of roughness" of physical phenomena and "the uncontrolled element in life".

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Bighorn sheep

The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is a species of sheep native to North America.

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Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life.

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Bismuth

Bismuth is a chemical element; it has symbol Bi and atomic number 83.

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Bitruncated cubic honeycomb

The bitruncated cubic honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space made up of truncated octahedra (or, equivalently, bitruncated cubes).

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Blood vessel

Blood vessels are the structures of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body.

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Bloomsbury Publishing

Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction.

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Brain coral

Brain coral is a common name given to various corals in the families Mussidae and Merulinidae, so called due to their generally spheroid shape and grooved surface which resembles a brain.

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Bravais lattice

In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice, named after, is an infinite array of discrete points generated by a set of discrete translation operations described in three dimensional space by where the ni are any integers, and ai are primitive translation vectors, or primitive vectors, which lie in different directions (not necessarily mutually perpendicular) and span the lattice.

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Brochosome

Brochosomes are intricately structured microscopic granules secreted by leafhoppers (the family Cicadellidae of the insect order Hemiptera) and typically found on their body surface and, more rarely, eggs.

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Bryozoa

Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies.

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Buckminster Fuller

Richard Buckminster Fuller (July 12, 1895 – July 1, 1983) was an American architect, systems theorist, writer, designer, inventor, philosopher, and futurist.

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Buckminsterfullerene

Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60.

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Butterfly effect

In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state.

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Cabbage

Cabbage, comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea, is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads.

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Camera (cephalopod)

Camerae (singular camera) are the spaces or chambers enclosed between two adjacent septa in the phragmocone of a nautiloid or ammonoid cephalopod molluscus.

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Camouflage

Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else.

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Capillary wave

A capillary wave is a wave traveling along the phase boundary of a fluid, whose dynamics and phase velocity are dominated by the effects of surface tension.

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Cauto River

The Cauto River or Río Cauto is the longest river in Cuba, as well as the longest river in the Caribbean.

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Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

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Cellular automaton

A cellular automaton (pl. cellular automata, abbrev. CA) is a discrete model of computation studied in automata theory.

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Cephalization

Cephalization is an evolutionary trend in animals that, over many generations, the special sense organs and nerve ganglia become concentrated towards the rostral end of the body where the mouth is located, often producing an enlarged head.

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Cerebellum

The cerebellum (cerebella or cerebellums; Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.

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Chaos theory

Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study and branch of mathematics.

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Charles Bonnet

Charles Bonnet (13 March 1720 – 20 May 1793) was a Genevan naturalist and philosophical writer.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.

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Chemical clock

A chemical clock (or clock reaction) is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the onset of an observable property (discoloration or coloration) occurs after a predictable induction time due to the presence of clock species at a detectable amount.

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Chemical oscillator

In chemistry, a chemical oscillator is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the concentration of one or more components exhibits periodic changes.

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.

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Chronicle Books

Chronicle Books is a San Francisco–based American publisher of books for adults and children.

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Cidaris rugosa

Cidaris rugosa is a species of sea urchins of the Family Cidaridae.

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Cleaning symbiosis

Cleaning symbiosis is a mutually beneficial association between individuals of two species, where one (the cleaner) removes and eats parasites and other materials from the surface of the other (the client).

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Clockwise

Two-dimensional rotation can occur in two possible directions or senses of rotation.

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Coast

A coastalso called the coastline, shoreline, or seashoreis the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.

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Coastline paradox

The coastline paradox is the counterintuitive observation that the coastline of a landmass does not have a well-defined length.

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Coccinellidae

Coccinellidae is a widespread family of small beetles.

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Colobura dirce

Colobura dirce, the Dirce beauty, mosaic or zebra mosaic, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

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Common roach

The roach, or rutilus roach (Rutilus rutilus), also known as the common roach, is a fresh- and brackish-water fish of the family Cyprinidae, native to most of Europe and western Asia.

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Common sunflower

The common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a species of large annual forb of the daisy family Asteraceae.

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Computer simulation

Computer simulation is the process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer, which is designed to predict the behaviour of, or the outcome of, a real-world or physical system.

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Conifer cone

A conifer cone or pinecone (strobilus,: strobili in formal botanical usage) is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants.

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Conus textile

Conus textile, the textile cone or the cloth of gold cone is a venomous species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones.

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Convex polytope

A convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the n-dimensional Euclidean space \mathbb^n.

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Coral

Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria.

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Crinoid

Crinoids are marine invertebrates that make up the class Crinoidea.

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Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

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Crystal habit

In mineralogy, crystal habit is the characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or aggregate of crystals.

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Crystal structure

In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material.

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Crystal system

In crystallography, a crystal system is a set of point groups (a group of geometric symmetries with at least one fixed point).

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Cubic crystal system

In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube.

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Cuttlefish

Cuttlefish, or cuttles, are marine molluscs of the order Sepiida.

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Cycas circinalis

Cycas circinalis, also known as the queen sago, is a species of cycad known in the wild only from southern India.

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D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson

Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson CB FRS FRSE (2 May 1860 – 21 June 1948) was a Scottish biologist, mathematician and classics scholar.

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Dendrite (crystal)

A crystal dendrite is a crystal that develops with a typical multi-branching form, resembling a fractal.

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Dense set

In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subset A of a topological space X is said to be dense in X if every point of X either belongs to A or else is arbitrarily "close" to a member of A — for instance, the rational numbers are a dense subset of the real numbers because every real number either is a rational number or has a rational number arbitrarily close to it (see Diophantine approximation).

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Developmental biology

Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.

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Dictyochales

The silicoflagellates (order Dictyochales) are a small group of unicellular photosynthetic protists, or algae, belonging to the supergroup of eukaryotes known as Stramenopiles.

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Dielectric

In electromagnetism, a dielectric (or dielectric medium) is an electrical insulator that can be polarised by an applied electric field.

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Dihedral group

In mathematics, a dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular polygon, which includes rotations and reflections.

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Dislocation

In materials science, a dislocation or Taylor's dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect or irregularity within a crystal structure that contains an abrupt change in the arrangement of atoms.

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Dune

A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand.

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Dynamical system

In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in an ambient space, such as in a parametric curve.

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Echinoderm

An echinoderm is any deuterostomal animal of the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies".

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Elasticity (physics)

In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed.

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Electric discharge

In electromagnetism, an electric discharge is the release and transmission of electricity in an applied electric field through a medium such as a gas (i.e., an outgoing flow of electric current through a non-metal medium).

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Eliot Porter

Eliot Furness Porter (December 6, 1901 – November 2, 1990) was an American photographer best known for his color photographs of nature.

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Emergence

In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole. Patterns in nature and emergence are pattern formation.

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Empedocles

Empedocles (Ἐμπεδοκλῆς;, 444–443 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily.

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Entomophily

Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects.

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Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist.

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Erosion

Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited.

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Euler characteristic

In mathematics, and more specifically in algebraic topology and polyhedral combinatorics, the Euler characteristic (or Euler number, or Euler–Poincaré characteristic) is a topological invariant, a number that describes a topological space's shape or structure regardless of the way it is bent.

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Evolution

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Patterns in nature and Evolution are nature.

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Evolutionary history of plants

The evolution of plants has resulted in a wide range of complexity, from the earliest algal mats of unicellular archaeplastids evolved through endosymbiosis, through multicellular marine and freshwater green algae, to spore-bearing terrestrial bryophytes, lycopods and ferns, and eventually to the complex seed-bearing gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants) of today.

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Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω éxō "outer" and σκελετός skeletós "skeleton") is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g.

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Fairy ring

A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms.

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Fault (geology)

In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements.

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Feedback

Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

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Fermat's spiral

A Fermat's spiral or parabolic spiral is a plane curve with the property that the area between any two consecutive full turns around the spiral is invariant.

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Fern

The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

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Fibonacci

Fibonacci (also,; –) was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".

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Fibonacci sequence

In mathematics, the Fibonacci sequence is a sequence in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

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Fir wave

A fir wave is a set of alternating bands of fir trees in sequential stages of development, observed in forests on exposed mountain slopes in several areas, including northeastern North America and Japan.

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Floodplain

A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands is an area of land adjacent to a river.

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Flow separation

In fluid dynamics, flow separation or boundary layer separation is the detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake.

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Flower

A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae).

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Fluid

In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force.

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Fluid dynamics

In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases.

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Fluorite

Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2.

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Foam

Foams are materials formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.

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Formal grammar

A formal grammar describes which strings from an alphabet of a formal language are valid according to the language's syntax.

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Fractal

In mathematics, a fractal is a geometric shape containing detailed structure at arbitrarily small scales, usually having a fractal dimension strictly exceeding the topological dimension.

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Fractal dimension

In mathematics, a fractal dimension is a term invoked in the science of geometry to provide a rational statistical index of complexity detail in a pattern.

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Fracture

Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress.

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Fritillaria meleagris

Fritillaria meleagris is a Eurasian species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae.

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Fruit

In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering (see Fruit anatomy).

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Fullerene

A fullerene is an allotrope of carbon whose molecules consist of carbon atoms connected by single and double bonds so as to form a closed or partially closed mesh, with fused rings of five to seven atoms.

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Function (biology)

In evolutionary biology, function is the reason some object or process occurred in a system that evolved through natural selection.

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Gabbro

Gabbro is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface.

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Garnet

Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.

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Gastropoda

Gastropods, commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda.

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Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings.

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Geodesic dome

A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron.

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Georg Cantor

Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (– 6 January 1918) was a mathematician who played a pivotal role in the creation of set theory, which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics.

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Georgiy Jacobson

Georgiy Georgiyevich Jacobson also known as Jakobson (Георгий Георгиевич Якобсон, 1871 – 23 November 1926) was a pioneering Russian entomologist, known especially for his 900-page book on beetles.

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Giant's Causeway

The Giant's Causeway (Clochán an Aifir.) is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic fissure eruption.

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Golden angle

In geometry, the golden angle is the smaller of the two angles created by sectioning the circumference of a circle according to the golden ratio; that is, into two arcs such that the ratio of the length of the smaller arc to the length of the larger arc is the same as the ratio of the length of the larger arc to the full circumference of the circle.

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Golden ratio

In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities.

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Gopher

Pocket gophers, commonly referred to simply as gophers, are burrowing rodents of the family Geomyidae.

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (– 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who invented calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic, and statistics.

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Grévy's zebra

Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi), also known as the imperial zebra, is the largest living wild equid and the most threatened of the three species of zebra, the other two being the plains zebra and the mountain zebra.

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Grzegorz Rozenberg

Grzegorz Rozenberg (born 14 March 1942, Warsaw) is a Polish and Dutch computer scientist.

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Gyrification

Gyrification is the process of forming the characteristic folds of the cerebral cortex.

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Gyrus

In neuroanatomy, a gyrus (gyri) is a ridge on the cerebral cortex.

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Halite

Halite, commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl).

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Hazel

Hazels are plants of the genus Corylus of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

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Helicoidal flow

Helicoidal flow is the cork-screw-like flow of water in a meander.

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Helmeted guineafowl

The helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) is the best known of the guineafowl bird family, Numididae, and the only member of the genus Numida.

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Honeycomb

A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal prismatic cells built from beeswax by honey bees in their nests to contain their brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae) and stores of honey and pollen.

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Hopper crystal

A hopper crystal is a form of crystal, the shape of which resembles that of a pyramidal hopper container.

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Horn (anatomy)

A horn is a permanent pointed projection on the head of various animals that consists of a covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live bone.

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Hummingbird

Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae.

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Hydrozoa

Hydrozoa (hydrozoans) is a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water.

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Ice eggs

Ice eggs, or ice balls, are a rare phenomenon caused by a process in which small pieces of sea ice in open water are rolled over by wind and currents in freezing conditions and grow into spheroid pieces of ice.

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Ice wedge

An ice wedge is a crack in the ground formed by a narrow or thin piece of ice that measures up to 3–4 meters in length at ground level and extends downwards into the ground up to several meters.

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Isle of Skye

The Isle of Skye, or simply Skye (An t-Eilean Sgitheanach or Eilean a' Cheò), is the largest and northernmost of the major islands in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland.

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Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance (Rinascimento) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Iteration

Iteration is the repetition of a process in order to generate a (possibly unbounded) sequence of outcomes.

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James D. Murray

James Dickson Murray FRSE FRS, (born 2 January 1931) is professor emeritus of applied mathematics at University of Washington and University of Oxford.

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James Gleick

James Gleick (born August 1, 1954) is an American author and historian of science whose work has chronicled the cultural impact of modern technology.

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Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music.

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Joseph Plateau

Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau (14 October 1801 – 15 September 1883) was a Belgian physicist and mathematician.

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Juan Fernández Islands

The Juan Fernández Islands (Archipiélago Juan Fernández) are a sparsely inhabited series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean reliant on tourism and fishing.

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Karl Friedrich Schimper

Karl Friedrich Schimper (15 February 1803 – 21 December 1867) was a German botanist, naturalist and poet.

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Kármán vortex street

In fluid dynamics, a Kármán vortex street (or a von Kármán vortex street) is a repeating pattern of swirling vortices, caused by a process known as vortex shedding, which is responsible for the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid around blunt bodies.

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Keith Devlin

Keith James Devlin (born 16 March 1947) is a British mathematician and popular science writer.

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Kunstformen der Natur

Kunstformen der Natur (known in English as Art Forms in Nature) is a book of lithographic and halftone prints by German biologist Ernst Haeckel.

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L-system

An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a parallel rewriting system and a type of formal grammar.

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Laminar flow

Laminar flow is the property of fluid particles in fluid dynamics to follow smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing.

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Leafhopper

Leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae.

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Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.

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Leopard

The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant species in the genus Panthera.

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Liber Abaci

The or Liber Abbaci (Latin for "The Book of Calculation") was a 1202 Latin work on arithmetic by Leonardo of Pisa, posthumously known as Fibonacci.

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Lichtenberg figure

A Lichtenberg figure (German Lichtenberg-Figur), or Lichtenberg dust figure, is a branching electric discharge that sometimes appears on the surface or in the interior of insulating materials.

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Lilium

Lilium is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large and often prominent flowers.

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List of Marilyns in the British Isles

This is a list of Marilyn hills and mountains in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and surrounding islands and sea stacks.

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Little, Brown and Company

Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston.

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Logarithm

In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation.

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Logarithmic spiral

A logarithmic spiral, equiangular spiral, or growth spiral is a self-similar spiral curve that often appears in nature.

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Lord Kelvin

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast.

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Marine biology

Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms that inhabit the sea.

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Mathematical model

A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete system using mathematical concepts and language. Patterns in nature and mathematical model are applied mathematics.

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Mathematics

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.

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Mathematics and art

Mathematics and art are related in a variety of ways. Patterns in nature and Mathematics and art are applied mathematics.

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Mbu pufferfish

The Mbu pufferfish, also known as Mbuna pufferfish, giant pufferfish, or giant freshwater pufferfish (Tetraodon mbu), is a carnivorous freshwater pufferfish originating from the middle and lower sections of the Congo River in Africa, as well as the east coast of Lake Tanganyika near the Malagarasi River mouth.

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Mean curvature

In mathematics, the mean curvature H of a surface S is an extrinsic measure of curvature that comes from differential geometry and that locally describes the curvature of an embedded surface in some ambient space such as Euclidean space.

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Meander

A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse.

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Meander scar

A meander scar, occasionally meander scarp,Christopher G. Morris, Academic Press dictionary of science and technology, Gulf Professional Publishing, 1992,, page 1333 is a geological feature formed by the remnants of a meandering water channel.

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Mechanical wave

In physics, a mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a material medium.

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Meristem

In cell biology, the meristem is a type of tissue found in plants.

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Mespilus germanica

Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree in the rose family Rosaceae.

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Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).

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Microfilament

Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton.

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Microparticle

Microparticles are particles between 0.1 and 100 μm in size.

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Mima mounds

Mima mounds are low, flattened, circular to oval, domelike, natural mounds that are composed of loose, unstratified, often gravelly sediment that is an overthickened A horizon. Patterns in nature and Mima mounds are patterns.

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Mimicry

In evolutionary biology, mimicry is an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species.

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Mineral

In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.

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Minimal surface

In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area.

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Mixing (mathematics)

In mathematics, mixing is an abstract concept originating from physics: the attempt to describe the irreversible thermodynamic process of mixing in the everyday world: e.g. mixing paint, mixing drinks, industrial mixing.

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Mollusc shell

The mollusc (or molluskOften spelled mollusk shell in the USA; the spelling "mollusc" are preferred by) shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes.

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Mollusca

Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks.

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Morphogen

A morphogen is a substance whose non-uniform distribution governs the pattern of tissue development in the process of morphogenesis or pattern formation, one of the core processes of developmental biology, establishing positions of the various specialized cell types within a tissue.

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Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis (from the Greek morphê shape and genesis creation, literally "the generation of form") is the biological process that causes a cell, tissue or organism to develop its shape.

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Mountain

A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock.

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Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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Nature

Nature is an inherent character or constitution, particularly of the ecosphere or the universe as a whole.

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Nautilus

The nautilus is an ancient pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae.

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Nectar guide

Nectar guides are markings or patterns seen in flowers of some angiosperm species, that guide pollinators to their rewards.

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New Hampshire

New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States.

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Niels Fabian Helge von Koch

Niels Fabian Helge von Koch (25 January 1870 – 11 March 1924) was a Swedish mathematician who gave his name to the famous fractal known as the Koch snowflake, one of the earliest fractal curves to be described.

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Niger

Niger or the Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a country in West Africa.

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Nonlinear system

In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.

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Numerology

Numerology (known before the 20th century as arithmancy) is the belief in an occult, divine or mystical relationship between a number and one or more coinciding events.

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On Growth and Form

On Growth and Form is a book by the Scottish mathematical biologist D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860–1948).

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Orbit (dynamics)

In mathematics, specifically in the study of dynamical systems, an orbit is a collection of points related by the evolution function of the dynamical system.

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Orchid

Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae, a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.

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Oscillation

Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.

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Osteoderm

Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis.

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Oxbow lake

An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water.

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Pangolin

Pangolins, sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota.

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Parastichy

Parastichy, in phyllotaxy, is the spiral pattern of particular plant organs on some plants, such as areoles on cacti stems, florets in sunflower heads and scales in pine cones.

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Pat Murphy (writer)

Patrice Ann "Pat" Murphy (born March 9, 1955) is an American science writer and author of science fiction and fantasy novels.

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Pattern

A pattern is a regularity in the world, in human-made design, or in abstract ideas. Patterns in nature and pattern are patterns.

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Pattern formation

The science of pattern formation deals with the visible, (statistically) orderly outcomes of self-organization and the common principles behind similar patterns in nature. Patterns in nature and pattern formation are patterns.

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Patterned ground

Patterned ground is the distinct and often symmetrical natural pattern of geometric shapes formed by the deformation of ground material in periglacial regions.

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Patterned vegetation

Patterned vegetation is a vegetation community that exhibits distinctive and repetitive patterns.

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Pear

Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in late summer into mid-autumn.

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Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon.

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Phaidon Press

Phaidon Press is a global publisher of books on art, architecture, design, fashion, photography, and popular culture, as well as cookbooks, children's books, and travel books.

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.

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Phyllotaxis

In botany, phyllotaxis or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Pineapple

The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae.

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Pingo

Pingos are intrapermafrost ice-cored hills, high and in diameter.

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Pinnation

Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis.

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Planet

A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself.

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Plant development

Important structures in plant development are buds, shoots, roots, leaves, and flowers; plants produce these tissues and structures throughout their life from meristems located at the tips of organs, or between mature tissues.

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Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root.

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Plateau

In geology and physical geography, a plateau (plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side.

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Plateau's laws

Plateau's laws describe the structure of soap films.

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Plateau's problem

In mathematics, Plateau's problem is to show the existence of a minimal surface with a given boundary, a problem raised by Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1760.

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Plato

Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.

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Pliny the Elder

Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.

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Point group

In geometry, a point group is a mathematical group of symmetry operations (isometries in a Euclidean space) that have a fixed point in common.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate.

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Positive feedback

Positive feedback (exacerbating feedback, self-reinforcing feedback) is a process that occurs in a feedback loop which exacerbates the effects of a small disturbance.

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Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Problem of universals

The problem of universals is an ancient question from metaphysics that has inspired a range of philosophical topics and disputes: "Should the properties an object has in common with other objects, such as color and shape, be considered to exist beyond those objects? And if a property exists separately from objects, what is the nature of that existence?" The problem of universals relates to various inquiries closely related to metaphysics, logic, and epistemology, as far back as Plato and Aristotle, in efforts to define the mental connections a human makes when they understand a property such as shape or color to be the same in nonidentical objects.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Purkinje cell

Purkinje cells or Purkinje neurons, named for Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně who identified them in 1837, are a unique type of prominent large neurons located in the cerebellar cortex of the brain. With their flask-shaped cell bodies, many branching dendrites, and a single long axon, these cells are essential for controlling motor activity.

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Pythagoras

Pythagoras of Samos (Πυθαγόρας; BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.

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Pythagorean triple

A Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers,, and, such that.

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Pythagoreanism

Pythagoreanism originated in the 6th century BC, based on and around the teachings and beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans.

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Quasicrystal

A quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is ordered but not periodic.

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Quincunx

A quincunx is a geometric pattern consisting of five points arranged in a cross, with four of them forming a square or rectangle and a fifth at its center.

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Rabbit

Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also includes the hares), which is in the order Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas).

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Radiolaria

The Radiolaria, also called Radiozoa, are protozoa of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions of endoplasm and ectoplasm.

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Random House

Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.

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Rann of Kutch

The Rann of Kutch is a large area of salt marshes that span the border between India and Pakistan.

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Río Negro (Argentina)

Río Negro (Black River) is the main river of Patagonia in terms of the size of its drainage basin, its associated agricultural produce and population living at its shores.

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Reaction–diffusion system

Reaction–diffusion systems are mathematical models that correspond to several physical phenomena.

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Reflection symmetry

In mathematics, reflection symmetry, line symmetry, mirror symmetry, or mirror-image symmetry is symmetry with respect to a reflection.

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Richard Prum

Richard O. Prum (born 1961) is an evolutionary biologist and ornithologist.

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Richard Smalley

Richard Errett Smalley (June 6, 1943 – October 28, 2005) was an American chemist who was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy at Rice University.

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River

A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.

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Romanesco broccoli

Romanesco broccoli (also known as broccolo romanesco, romanesque cauliflower, or simply romanesco) is in fact a cultivar of the cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), not broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica).

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Rotational symmetry

Rotational symmetry, also known as radial symmetry in geometry, is the property a shape has when it looks the same after some rotation by a partial turn.

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Royal angelfish

The royal angelfish (Pygoplites diacanthus), or regal angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae, and the monotypic genus Pygoplites.

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Rule 30

Rule 30 is an elementary cellular automaton introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983.

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Salak

Salak (Salacca zalacca) is a species of palm tree (family Arecaceae) native to Java and Sumatra in Indonesia.

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Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Scientific American

Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.

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Scientific law

Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.

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Sea anemone

Sea anemones are a group of predatory marine invertebrates constituting the order Actiniaria.

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Sea urchin

Sea urchins or urchins, alternatively known as sea hedgehogs, are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.

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Seed

In botany, a seed is a plant embryo and food reserve enclosed in a protective outer covering called a seed coat (testa).

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Self-organization

Self-organization, also called spontaneous order in the social sciences, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered system.

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Self-similarity

In mathematics, a self-similar object is exactly or approximately similar to a part of itself (i.e., the whole has the same shape as one or more of the parts).

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Sexual selection

Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia,; Sicilia,, officially Regione Siciliana) is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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Signalling theory

Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.

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Sistan

Sistān (سیستان), also known as Sakastān (سَكاستان "the land of the Saka") and Sijistan, is a historical region in present-day south-eastern Iran, south-western Afghanistan and extending across the borders of south-western Pakistan.

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Skeleton

A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals.

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Snowflake

A snowflake is a single ice crystal that has achieved a sufficient size, and may have amalgamated with others, which falls through the Earth's atmosphere as snow.

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Soap bubble

A soap bubble (commonly referred to as simply a bubble) is an extremely thin film of soap or detergent and water enclosing air that forms a hollow sphere with an iridescent surface.

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Soap film

Soap films are thin layers of liquid (usually water-based) surrounded by air.

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Soliton

In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a nonlinear, self-reinforcing, localized wave packet that is strongly stable, in that it preserves its shape while propagating freely, at constant velocity, and recovers it even after collisions with other such localized wave packets.

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Sphere

A sphere (from Greek) is a geometrical object that is a three-dimensional analogue to a two-dimensional circle.

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Spheroid

A spheroid, also known as an ellipsoid of revolution or rotational ellipsoid, is a quadric surface obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes; in other words, an ellipsoid with two equal semi-diameters.

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Spiral

In mathematics, a spiral is a curve which emanates from a point, moving farther away as it revolves around the point.

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Splash (fluid mechanics)

In fluid mechanics, a splash is a sudden disturbance to the otherwise quiescent free surface of a liquid (usually water).

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Sponge

Sponges (also known as sea sponges), the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts.

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Sponge spicule

Spicules are structural elements found in most sponges.

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Spumellaria

Spumellaria is an order of radiolarians in the class Polycystinea.

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Standing wave

In physics, a standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that oscillates in time but whose peak amplitude profile does not move in space.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication.

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Starfish

Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea.

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Stephen Wolfram

Stephen Wolfram (born 29 August 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman.

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Stress (mechanics)

In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation.

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Structural coloration

Structural coloration in animals, and a few plants, is the production of colour by microscopically structured surfaces fine enough to interfere with visible light instead of pigments, although some structural coloration occurs in combination with pigments.

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Sulcus (neuroanatomy)

In neuroanatomy, a sulcus (Latin: "furrow";: sulci) is a depression or groove in the cerebral cortex.

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Surface wave

In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.

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Symmetry

Symmetry in everyday life refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.

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Symmetry in biology

Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.

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Taklamakan Desert

The Taklamakan Desert (p, Xiao'erjing: تَاكْلامَاقًا شَاموْ, Такәламаган Шамә; تەكلىماكان قۇملۇقى, Täklimakan Qumluqi; also spelled Teklimakan) is a desert in Southwestern Xinjiang in Northwest China.

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Tasman Peninsula

The Tasman Peninsula, officially Turrakana / Tasman Peninsula, is a peninsula located in south-east Tasmania, Australia, approximately by the Arthur Highway, south-east of Hobart.

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Tessellated pavement

In geology and geomorphology, a tessellated pavement is a relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into polygons by fractures, frequently systematic joints, within the rock.

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Tessellation

A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. Patterns in nature and tessellation are patterns.

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Tetrahedron

In geometry, a tetrahedron (tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices.

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The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

"The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" is an article that the English mathematician Alan Turing wrote in 1952.

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The Garden of Cyrus

The Garden of Cyrus, or The Quincuncial Lozenge, or Network Plantations of the Ancients, naturally, artificially, mystically considered, is a discourse by Thomas Browne concerned with the quincunx—a pattern of five points arranged in an X (⁙), as on a die —in art and nature.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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Theophrastus

Theophrastus (Θεόφραστος||godly phrased) was a Greek philosopher and the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school.

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Theory of forms

In philosophy and specifically metaphysics, the theory of Forms, theory of Ideas, Platonic idealism, or Platonic realism is a theory widely credited to the Classical Greek philosopher Plato.

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Thermal expansion

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in length, area, or volume, changing its size and density, in response to an increase in temperature (usually excluding phase transitions).

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Thought experiment

A thought experiment is a hypothetical situation in which a hypothesis, theory, or principle is laid out for the purpose of thinking through its consequences. Patterns in nature and thought experiment are history of science.

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Tiger

The tiger (Panthera tigris) is a member of the genus Panthera and the largest living cat species native to Asia.

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Tiger bush

Tiger bush, or brousse tigrée in the French language, is a patterned vegetation community and ground consisting of alternating bands of trees, shrubs, or grass separated by bare ground or low herb cover, that run roughly parallel to contour lines of equal elevation.

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Tile

Tiles are usually thin, square or rectangular coverings manufactured from hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, baked clay, or even glass.

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Tree

In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves.

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Trochoidea liebetruti

Trochoidea liebetruti is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies.

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Tuktoyaktuk

Tuktoyaktuk, or Tuktuyaaqtuuq (Inuvialuktun: it looks like a caribou), is an Inuvialuit hamlet located near the Mackenzie River delta in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, at the northern terminus of the Inuvik–Tuktoyaktuk Highway.

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Turing pattern

The Turing pattern is a concept introduced by English mathematician Alan Turing in a 1952 paper titled "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" which describes how patterns in nature, such as stripes and spots, can arise naturally and autonomously from a homogeneous, uniform state. Patterns in nature and Turing pattern are pattern formation and patterns.

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University of Dundee

The University of Dundee is a public research university based in Dundee, Scotland.

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University of St Andrews

The University of St Andrews (Oilthigh Chill Rìmhinn; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin Sancti Andreae, in post-nominals) is a public university in St Andrews, Scotland.

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University of Surrey

The University of Surrey is a public research university in Guildford, Surrey, England.

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Viking Press

Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House.

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Viscosity

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.

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Volvox

Volvox is a polyphyletic genus of chlorophyte green algae in the family Volvocaceae.

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Vortex

In fluid dynamics, a vortex (vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved.

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Wacław Sierpiński

Wacław Franciszek Sierpiński (14 March 1882 – 21 October 1969) was a Polish mathematician.

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Wallpaper group

A wallpaper group (or plane symmetry group or plane crystallographic group) is a mathematical classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern, based on the symmetries in the pattern.

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Wasp

A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder.

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Water Cube

The Water Cube (水立方), fully a.k.a the National Aquatics Centre, is a swimming center at the Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China.

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Wave

In physics, mathematics, engineering, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities.

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Weaire–Phelan structure

In geometry, the Weaire–Phelan structure is a three-dimensional structure representing an idealised foam of equal-sized bubbles, with two different shapes.

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Weidenfeld & Nicolson

Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd (established 1949), often shortened to W&N or Weidenfeld, is a British publisher of fiction and reference books.

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Western honey bee

The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bees worldwide.

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White Mountains (New England)

The White Mountains are a mountain range covering about a quarter of the state of New Hampshire and a small portion of western Maine in the United States.

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Widmanstätten pattern

Widmanstätten patterns, also known as Thomson structures, are figures of long phases of nickel–iron, found in the octahedrite shapes of iron meteorite crystals and some pallasites. Patterns in nature and Widmanstätten pattern are patterns.

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Wilson Bentley

Wilson Alwyn Bentley (February 9, 1865 – December 23, 1931), also known as Snowflake Bentley, was an American meteorologist and photographer, who was the first known person to take detailed photographs of snowflakes and record their features.

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Wind wave

In fluid dynamics, a wind wave, or wind-generated water wave, is a surface wave that occurs on the free surface of bodies of water as a result of the wind blowing over the water's surface.

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2008 Summer Olympics

The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and officially branded as Beijing 2008, were an international multisport event held from 8 to 24 August 2008, in Beijing, China.

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See also

Nature

• Aesthetics of nature
• Back to nature
• Balance of nature
• Earth
• Ecosystem health
• Energy
• Evolution
• Life
• Matter
• Mfinda
• Natural environment
• Natural hazards
• Natural landscape
• Natural materials
• Natural product
• Natural products
• Natural risk
• Natural sciences
• Naturalism (philosophy)
• Nature
• Nature-based solutions
• Nurture
• Patterns in nature
• Phenomena
• Physis
• Preternatural
• Sky
• Space
• Supernatural
• Trogloxene
• Universe
• Urban nature
• Vacuum

Pattern formation

• Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction
• Blue bottle experiment
• Emergence
• Emergentism
• Noise-induced order
• Organizing center
• Pattern formation
• Patterns in nature
• Spatiotemporal pattern
• Spiral wave
• Spontaneous order
• Symmetry breaking
• Turing pattern
• Washboarding

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterns_in_nature

Also known as Causes of pattern, Da Vinci Branching Rule, Fractals in nature, Geometry of natural structure, Geometry of nature, History of pattern, Natural patterns, Tesellations in nature, Tessellations in nature, Types of pattern.

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