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Pear, the Glossary

Index Pear

Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in late summer into mid-autumn.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 142 relations: A Latin Dictionary, Accessory fruit, Alcinous, Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle, Apicius, Apple, Award of Garden Merit, Banana, Bosc pear, Canning, Carbohydrate, Carl Linnaeus, Celtic languages, Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, Chechens, Chechnya, China, Cider, Climacteric (botany), Conference pear, Crossbreed, Cultivar, Cumulative song, D'Anjou, Deciduous, Dietary fiber, Doyenné du Comice, Dried fruit, Eau de vie, Epidermis (botany), Ethylene (plant hormone), Evergreen, Family (biology), Fat, Female body shape, Fermentation, Ficus, Firewood, Flower, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, Food energy, Fruit by the Foot, Fruit preserves, Fruit Roll-Ups, Furniture, Genus, Globe Pequot Press, Grafting, Gynoecium, Henry III of England, ... Expand index (92 more) »

  2. Crops originating from Europe
  3. Pears
  4. Pyrus

A Latin Dictionary

A Latin Dictionary (or Harpers' Latin Dictionary, often referred to as Lewis and Short or L&S) is a popular English-language lexicographical work of the Latin language, published by Harper and Brothers of New York in 1879 and printed simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Oxford University Press.

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Accessory fruit

An accessory fruit is a fruit that contains tissue derived from plant parts other than the ovary.

See Pear and Accessory fruit

Alcinous

In Greek mythology, Alcinous (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκίνους or Ἀλκίνοος Alkínoös means "mighty mind") was a son of Nausithous and brother of Rhexenor.

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Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle

Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (28 October 18064 April 1893) was a French-Swiss botanist, the son of the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle.

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Apicius

Apicius, also known as De re culinaria or De re coquinaria (On the Subject of Cooking), is a collection of Roman cookery recipes, which may have been compiled in the fifth century CE, or earlier.

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Apple

An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus spp.'', among them the domestic or orchard apple; Malus domestica).

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Award of Garden Merit

The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS).

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Banana

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.

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Bosc pear

The Beurré Bosc or Bosc is a cultivar of the European pear (Pyrus communis), originally from France or Belgium.

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Canning

Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans).

See Pear and Canning

Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).

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Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.

See Pear and Carl Linnaeus

Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic.

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Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange

Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange (December 18, 1610 in Amiens – October 23, 1688 in Paris, aged 77), also known simply as Charles Dufresne, was a distinguished French philologist and historian of the Middle Ages and Byzantium.

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Chechens

The Chechens (Нохчий,, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus.

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Chechnya

Chechnya, officially the Chechen Republic, is a republic of Russia.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Cider

Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples.

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Climacteric (botany)

Generally, fleshy fruits can be divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of a respiratory increase at the onset of ripening.

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Conference pear

A Conference pear is a variety of pear.

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Crossbreed

A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations.

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Cultivar

A cultivar is a kind of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and which retains those traits when propagated.

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Cumulative song

A cumulative song is a song with a simple verse structure modified by progressive addition so that each verse is longer than the verse before.

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D'Anjou

The D'Anjou pear, sometimes referred to as the Beurré d'Anjou or simply Anjou, is a short-necked cultivar of European pear.

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Deciduous

In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.

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Dietary fiber

Dietary fiber (fibre in Commonwealth English) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes.

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Doyenné du Comice

The Doyenné du Comice (or Comice) is a French pear variety first cultivated in the 19th century.

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Dried fruit

Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators.

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Eau de vie

An eau de vie (French for spirit, §16, §17) is a clear, colourless fruit brandy that is produced by means of fermentation and double distillation.

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Epidermis (botany)

The epidermis (from the Greek ἐπιδερμίς, meaning "over-skin") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants.

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Ethylene (plant hormone)

Ethylene (.

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Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year.

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Family (biology)

Family (familia,: familiae) is one of the nine major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.

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Fat

In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food.

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Female body shape

Female body shape or female figure is the cumulative product of a woman's bone structure along with the distribution of muscle and fat on the body.

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Fermentation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substances through the action of enzymes.

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Ficus

Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae.

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Firewood

Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered and used for fuel.

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Flower

A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae).

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Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database

The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) website disseminates statistical data collected and maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

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Food energy

Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from their food to sustain their metabolism, including their muscular activity.

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Fruit by the Foot is a fruit snack made by General Mills and distributed under the Betty Crocker brand.

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Fruit preserves

Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread.

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Fruit Roll-Ups

Fruit Roll-Ups is a brand of snack that debuted in grocery stores across America in 1983.

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Furniture

Furniture refers to objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., stools, chairs, and sofas), eating (tables), storing items, working, and sleeping (e.g., beds and hammocks).

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Genus

Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.

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Globe Pequot Press

Globe Pequot is a book publisher and distributor of outdoor recreation and leisure titles that publishes 500 new titles.

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Grafting

Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together.

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Gynoecium

Gynoecium (gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds.

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Henry III of England

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.

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Honey

Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees.

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Ibn al-'Awwam

Ibn al-'Awwam (ابن العوام), also called Abu Zakariya Ibn al-Awwam (أبو زكريا بن العوام), was a Al-Andalus agriculturist who flourished at Seville (modern-day southern Spain) in the later 12th century.

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Ingushetia

Ingushetia or Ingushetiya, officially the Republic of Ingushetia, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe.

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Invasive species

An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment.

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Juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables.

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Leaf

A leaf (leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis.

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List of culinary fruits

This list contains the names of fruits that are considered edible either raw or cooked in various cuisines.

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List of pear cultivars

Over 3000 cultivars of the pear are known.

See Pear and List of pear cultivars

Loanword

A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.

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Logeion

Logeion is an open-access database of Latin and Ancient Greek dictionaries.

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Medieval Latin

Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages.

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Micronutrient

Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities to regulate physiological functions of cells and organs.

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Nakh peoples

The Nakh peoples are a group of North Caucasian peoples identified by their use of the Nakh languages and other cultural similarities.

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Native species

In biogeography, a native species is indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often popularised as "with no human intervention") during history.

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Natural History (Pliny)

The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a Latin work by Pliny the Elder.

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Nomenclature

Nomenclature is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a region in Europe governed by Russia.

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Odyssey

The Odyssey (Odýsseia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.

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Old World

The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe after 1493, when Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas.

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Olive

The olive, botanical name Olea europaea, meaning 'European olive', is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin.

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Orchard

An orchard is an intentional plantation of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production. Pear and orchard are fruit trees.

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Ornamental plant

Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space.

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Palatability

Palatability (or palatableness) is the hedonic reward (which is pleasure of taste in this case) provided by foods or fluids that are agreeable to the "palate", which often varies relative to the homeostatic satisfaction of nutritional and/or water needs.

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Partridge

A partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa.

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Patagonia

Patagonia is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile.

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Perry

Perry or pear cider is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears, traditionally in England (particularly Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Worcestershire); parts of South Wales; France (especially Normandy and Anjou); Canada; Australia; and New Zealand. Pear and Perry are pears.

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Perseus Digital Library

The Perseus Digital Library, formerly known as the Perseus Project, is a free-access digital library founded by Gregory Crane in 1987 and hosted by the Department of Classical Studies of Tufts University.

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Petal

Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers.

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Pome

In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae.

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Pomegranate

The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall. Pear and pomegranate are fruit trees.

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Pomology

Pomology (from Latin, "fruit", +, "study") is a branch of botany that studies fruits and their cultivation.

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Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich

Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich are pile dwelling sites located around Lake Zurich in the cantons of Schwyz, St. Gallen and Zürich.

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Protein (nutrient)

Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body.

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Pyrus anatolica

Pyrus anatolica is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. Pear and Pyrus anatolica are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus anatolica

Pyrus armeniacifolia

Pyrus armeniacifolia, also known as the apricot-leaved pear, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. Pear and Pyrus armeniacifolia are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus armeniacifolia

Pyrus × bretschneideri

Pyrus × bretschneideri (or Pyrus bretschneideri), the ya pear or pearple or Chinese white pear, is an interspecific hybrid species of pear native to North China, where it is widely grown for its edible fruit. Pear and Pyrus × bretschneideri are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus × bretschneideri

Pyrus × sinkiangensis

Pyrus × sinkangensis, the Xinjiang pear, has been suspected to be of complex hybrid origin involving P. communis and Chinese white pears based on their morphological characteristics. Pear and Pyrus × sinkiangensis are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus × sinkiangensis

Pyrus betulifolia

Pyrus betulifolia, known as the birchleaf pear in English and tang li in Chinese, is a deciduous wild pear tree native to the leafy forests of northern and central China and Tibet. Pear and Pyrus betulifolia are pears and Pyrus.

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Pyrus boissieriana

Pyrus boissieriana, the Boissier pear and telka, is a species of ''Pyrus'' (pear) native to southwestern Turkey as well as the Kopet Dag region on the Turkmenistan and Iranian border. Pear and Pyrus boissieriana are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus boissieriana

Pyrus bourgaeana

Pyrus bourgaeana, the Iberian pear, is a close relative of Pyrus communis L. The latter was domesticated about 2500 years ago. Pear and Pyrus bourgaeana are Pyrus.

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Pyrus calleryana

Pyrus calleryana, also known as the Callery pear or Bradford pear, is a species of pear tree native to China and Vietnam, in the family Rosaceae. Pear and Pyrus calleryana are pears and Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus calleryana

Pyrus communis

Pyrus communis, the common pear, is a species of pear native to central and eastern Europe, and western Asia. Pear and Pyrus communis are fruit trees, pears and Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus communis

Pyrus cordata

Pyrus cordata, the Heart-leaved pear or Plymouth pear, is a rare wild species of pear belonging to the family Rosaceae. Pear and Pyrus cordata are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus cordata

Pyrus elaeagrifolia

Pyrus elaeagrifolia, the oleaster-leaved pear, is a species of wild pear plant in the genus Pyrus (Rosaceae), the specific name referring to the similarity of its foliage to that of Elaeagnus angustifolia - the so-called 'wild olive' or oleaster. Pear and Pyrus elaeagrifolia are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus elaeagrifolia

Pyrus gergerana

Pyrus gergerana, known as the Gergeranian pear, is a species of tree in the family Rosaceae.

See Pear and Pyrus gergerana

Pyrus glabra

Pyrus glabra, (انچوچک, referring to the seeds), is a species wild pear native to Iran. Pear and Pyrus glabra are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus glabra

Pyrus hakkiarica

Pyrus hakkiarica is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. Pear and Pyrus hakkiarica are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus hakkiarica

Pyrus hopeiensis

Pyrus hopeiensis is a species of wild pear in the family Rosaceae, native to north-central China. Pear and Pyrus hopeiensis are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus hopeiensis

Pyrus korshinskyi

Pyrus korshinskyi, also known as the Kazak pear or Bukharan pear, is a wild species of pear tree native to Central Asia, including Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Pear and Pyrus korshinskyi are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus korshinskyi

Pyrus nivalis

Pyrus nivalis, commonly known as yellow pear or snow pear, is a species of tree in the family Rosaceae that grows naturally from South-East Europe to Western Asia. Pear and Pyrus nivalis are pears and Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus nivalis

Pyrus oxyprion

Pyrus oxyprion is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. Pear and Pyrus oxyprion are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus oxyprion

Pyrus pashia

Pyrus pashia, the wild Himalayan pear, is a small to medium size deciduous tree of the small and oval shaped crown with ovate, finely toothed leaves, attractive white flowers with red anthers and small pear-like fruits. Pear and Pyrus pashia are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus pashia

Pyrus phaeocarpa

Pyrus phaeocarpa, the dusky pear or orange pear, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to the Loess Plateau of northern China. Pear and Pyrus phaeocarpa are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus phaeocarpa

Pyrus pseudopashia

Pyrus pseudopashia is a species of wild pear in the family Rosaceae, native to south-central China. Pear and Pyrus pseudopashia are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus pseudopashia

Pyrus pyraster

Pyrus pyraster (syn. Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster), also called European wild pear, is a species of pear of the family Rosaceae. Pear and Pyrus pyraster are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus pyraster

Pyrus pyrifolia

Pyrus pyrifolia is a species of pear tree native to southern China and northern Indochina that has been introduced to Korea, Japan and other parts of the world. Pear and Pyrus pyrifolia are pears and Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus pyrifolia

Pyrus regelii

Pyrus regelii is a species of wild pear in the family Rosaceae, native to Central Asia (except Uzbekistan, where it occurs but is considered introduced). Pear and Pyrus regelii are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus regelii

Pyrus salicifolia

The whole tree The fruit Pyrus salicifolia is a species of pear, native to the Middle East. Pear and Pyrus salicifolia are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus salicifolia

Pyrus spinosa

Pyrus spinosa (syn. Pyrus amygdaliformis), the almond-leaved pear, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to the northern Mediterranean region. Pear and Pyrus spinosa are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus spinosa

Pyrus syriaca

Pyrus syriaca is a deciduous tree in the Rosaceae family. Pear and Pyrus syriaca are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus syriaca

Pyrus ussuriensis

Pyrus ussuriensis, also known as the Ussurian pear, Harbin pear, and Manchurian pear, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. Pear and Pyrus ussuriensis are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus ussuriensis

Pyrus xerophila

Pyrus xerophila is a species of flowering plant in the genus Pyrus found in China. Pear and Pyrus xerophila are Pyrus.

See Pear and Pyrus xerophila

Quince

The quince (Cydonia oblonga) is the sole member of the genus Cydonia in the Malinae subtribe (which also contains apples and pears, among other fruits) of the Rosaceae family. Pear and quince are fruit trees.

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Río Negro (Argentina)

Río Negro (Black River) is the main river of Patagonia in terms of the size of its drainage basin, its associated agricultural produce and population living at its shores.

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Rieul of Senlis

Rembert Regulus (Rieul) of Senlis (died 260) was the first bishop of Senlis.

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Rootstock

A rootstock is part of a plant, often an underground part, from which new above-ground growth can be produced.

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Rosaceae

Rosaceae (-si.eɪ), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.

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Royal Horticultural Society

The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.

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Senlis

Senlis is a commune in the northern French department of Oise, Hauts-de-France.

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Sepal

A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants).

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Shrub

A shrub or bush is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant.

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Soufflé

A soufflé is a baked egg dish originating in France in the early 18th century.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half (hemisphere) of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Species

A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

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Stamen

The stamen (stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.

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Subspecies

In biological classification, subspecies (subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed.

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Synonym (taxonomy)

The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)

"The Twelve Days of Christmas" is an English Christmas carol.

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Tian Shan

The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, meaning the "Mountains of God/Heaven", is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia.

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Tobacco

Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus Nicotiana of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants.

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Tonne

The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.

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Trees in mythology

Trees are significant in many of the world's mythologies, and have been given deep and sacred meanings throughout the ages.

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Vainakh religion

The Vainakh peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens and Ingush) were Islamised comparatively late, during the early modern period, and Amjad Jaimoukha (2005) proposes to reconstruct some of the elements of their pre-Islamic religion and mythology, including traces of ancestor worship and funerary cults.

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Vulgar Latin

Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward.

See Pear and Vulgar Latin

Walnut

A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus Juglans (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, Juglans regia. Pear and walnut are fruit trees.

See Pear and Walnut

Western China

Western China is the west of China.

See Pear and Western China

Williams pear

The Williams' bon chrétien pear, commonly called the Williams pear, or the Bartlett pear in the United States and Canada, is a cultivar (cultivated variety) of the species Pyrus communis, commonly known as the European pear.

See Pear and Williams pear

Winter

Winter is the coldest and darkest season of the year in polar and temperate climates.

See Pear and Winter

Woodcut

Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking.

See Pear and Woodcut

Woodwind instrument

Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the greater category of wind instruments.

See Pear and Woodwind instrument

See also

Crops originating from Europe

Pears

Pyrus

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear

Also known as Culture of pear, Pear (fruit), Pear juice, Pear tree, Pear-tree, Pears, Pearwood, Pyrus, Pyrus caucasica, .

, Honey, Ibn al-'Awwam, Ingushetia, Invasive species, Juice, Leaf, List of culinary fruits, List of pear cultivars, Loanword, Logeion, Medieval Latin, Micronutrient, Nakh peoples, Native species, Natural History (Pliny), Nomenclature, North Caucasus, Odyssey, Old World, Olive, Orchard, Ornamental plant, Palatability, Partridge, Patagonia, Perry, Perseus Digital Library, Petal, Pome, Pomegranate, Pomology, Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich, Protein (nutrient), Pyrus anatolica, Pyrus armeniacifolia, Pyrus × bretschneideri, Pyrus × sinkiangensis, Pyrus betulifolia, Pyrus boissieriana, Pyrus bourgaeana, Pyrus calleryana, Pyrus communis, Pyrus cordata, Pyrus elaeagrifolia, Pyrus gergerana, Pyrus glabra, Pyrus hakkiarica, Pyrus hopeiensis, Pyrus korshinskyi, Pyrus nivalis, Pyrus oxyprion, Pyrus pashia, Pyrus phaeocarpa, Pyrus pseudopashia, Pyrus pyraster, Pyrus pyrifolia, Pyrus regelii, Pyrus salicifolia, Pyrus spinosa, Pyrus syriaca, Pyrus ussuriensis, Pyrus xerophila, Quince, Río Negro (Argentina), Rieul of Senlis, Rootstock, Rosaceae, Royal Horticultural Society, Senlis, Sepal, Shrub, Soufflé, Southern Hemisphere, Spain, Species, Stamen, Subspecies, Synonym (taxonomy), Temperate climate, The Twelve Days of Christmas (song), Tian Shan, Tobacco, Tonne, Trees in mythology, Vainakh religion, Vulgar Latin, Walnut, Western China, Williams pear, Winter, Woodcut, Woodwind instrument.