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Penokean orogeny, the Glossary

The Penokean orogeny was a mountain-building episode that occurred in the early Proterozoic about 1.86 to 1.83 billion years ago, in the area of Lake Superior, North America.^[1]

32 relations: Arctica, Back-arc basin, Banded iron formation, Calc-alkaline magma series, Central Plain (Wisconsin), Churchill Craton, Columbia (supercontinent), Continental fragment, Continental margin, Craton, Foreland basin, Gogebic Range, Grenville orogeny, Intrusive rock, Iron Range, Island arc, Lake Huron, Lake Superior, Michigan, Midcontinent Rift System, Nena (supercontinent), North Atlantic Craton, Northern Highland, Orogeny, Plate tectonics, Proterozoic, Sedimentary rock, Superior Craton, Supracrustal rock, Tholeiitic magma series, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin.
Geology of Michigan
Geology of Minnesota
Geology of Ontario
Geology of Wisconsin
Orogenies of North America
Paleoproterozoic orogenies
Precambrian United States
Proterozoic North America

Arctica

Arctica, or Arctida is a hypothetical ancient continent which formed approximately 2.565 billion years ago in the Neoarchean era.

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Back-arc basin

A back-arc basin is a type of geologic basin, found at some convergent plate boundaries.

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Banded iron formation

Banded iron formations (BIFs; also called banded ironstone formations) are distinctive units of sedimentary rock consisting of alternating layers of iron oxides and iron-poor chert.

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Calc-alkaline magma series

The calc-alkaline magma series is one of two main subdivisions of the subalkaline magma series, the other subalkaline magma series being the tholeiitic series.

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Central Plain (Wisconsin)

In the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the Central Plain is a geographical region consisting of about of land in a v-shaped belt across the center of the state.

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Churchill Craton

The Churchill Craton is the northwest section of the Canadian Shield and stretches from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta to northern Nunavut.

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Columbia (supercontinent)

Columbia, also known as Nuna or Hudsonland, is a hypothetical ancient supercontinent.

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Continental crustal fragments, partly synonymous with microcontinents, are pieces of continents that have broken off from main continental masses to form distinct islands that are often several hundred kilometers from their place of origin.

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Continental margin

A continental margin is the outer edge of continental crust abutting oceanic crust under coastal waters.

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Craton

A craton (or; from κράτος "strength") is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, which consists of Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle.

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Foreland basin

A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt.

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Gogebic Range

The Gogebic Range is an elongated area of iron ore deposits located within a range of hills in northern Michigan and Wisconsin just south of Lake Superior.

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Grenville orogeny

The Grenville orogeny was a long-lived Mesoproterozoic mountain-building event associated with the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. Penokean orogeny and Grenville orogeny are Orogenies of North America, Precambrian United States and Proterozoic North America.

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Intrusive rock

Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.

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Iron Range

The Iron Range is collectively or individually a number of elongated iron-ore mining districts around Lake Superior in the United States and Canada.

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Island arc

Island arcs are long chains of active volcanoes with intense seismic activity found along convergent tectonic plate boundaries.

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Lake Huron

Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America.

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Lake Superior

Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface areaThe Caspian Sea is the largest lake, but is saline, not freshwater.

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Michigan

Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest region of the United States.

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Midcontinent Rift System

The Midcontinent Rift System (MRS) or Keweenawan Rift is a long geological rift in the center of the North American continent and south-central part of the North American plate. Penokean orogeny and Midcontinent Rift System are geology of Michigan, geology of Minnesota, geology of Ontario and geology of Wisconsin.

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Nena (supercontinent)

Nena, an acronym for Northern Europe–North America, was the Early Proterozoic amalgamation of Baltica and Laurentia into a single "cratonic landmass", a name first proposed in 1990.

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North Atlantic Craton

The North Atlantic Craton (NAC) is an Archaean craton exposed in southern West Greenland, the Nain Province in Labrador, and the Lewisian complex in northwestern Scotland.

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Northern Highland

The Northern Highland is a geographical region in the north central United States covering much of the northern territory of the state of Wisconsin. Penokean orogeny and northern Highland are geology of Wisconsin.

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Orogeny

Orogeny is a mountain-building process that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

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Proterozoic

The Proterozoic is the third of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8Mya, the longest eon of the Earth's geologic time scale.

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Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.

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Superior Craton

The Superior Craton is a stable crustal block covering Quebec, Ontario, and southeast Manitoba in Canada, and northern Minnesota in the United States. Penokean orogeny and Superior Craton are geology of Minnesota and geology of Ontario.

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Supracrustal rock

Supracrustal rocks (supra (Latin for "above")) are rocks that were deposited on the existing basement rocks of the crust, hence the name.

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Tholeiitic magma series

The tholeiitic magma series is one of two main magma series in subalkaline igneous rocks, the other being the calc-alkaline series.

See Penokean orogeny and Tholeiitic magma series

Upper Peninsula of Michigan

The Upper Peninsula of Michigan—also known as Upper Michigan or colloquially the U.P.—is the northern and more elevated of the two major landmasses that make up the U.S. state of Michigan; it is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac.

See Penokean orogeny and Upper Peninsula of Michigan

Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States.

See Penokean orogeny and Wisconsin

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penokean_orogeny

Penokean orogeny, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Geology of Michigan

Geology of Minnesota

Geology of Ontario

Geology of Wisconsin

Orogenies of North America

Paleoproterozoic orogenies

Precambrian United States

Proterozoic North America

References