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Pentobarbital, the Glossary

Pentobarbital (US) or pentobarbitone (British and Australian) is a short-acting barbiturate typically used as a sedative, a preanesthetic, and to control convulsions in emergencies.^[1]

73 relations: Abbott Laboratories, Acid, Acute liver failure, Alcohols (medicine), Amobarbital, Animal euthanasia, Antiemetic, Antihistamine, Assisted suicide, Australian Approved Name, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Barbiturate, Benzodiazepine, Brain ischemia, British Approved Name, Butyl group, Capital punishment, Compounding, Convulsion, Depressant, Diário Oficial da União, Disease, Ernest H. Volwiler, Ethanol, Ethyl group, Euthanasia, Federal Bureau of Prisons, Federal government of the United States, First pass effect, GABA, GABAA receptor, Hypnotic, Insomnia, International nonproprietary name, Intramuscular injection, Intravenous therapy, Jeff Sessions, Kidney, Lethal injection, Liver, Lundbeck, Mannitol, Methyl group, Missouri, NBC News, Netherlands, Opioid, Oral administration, Pancuronium bromide, Pharmaceutical formulation, ... Expand index (23 more) »
AMPA receptor antagonists
Kainate receptor antagonists
Lethal injection components

Abbott Laboratories

Abbott Laboratories is an American multinational medical devices and health care company with headquarters in Green Oaks, Illinois, United States.

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Acid

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.

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Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs (such as jaundice) of liver disease, and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80–90% of liver cells).

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Alcohols (medicine)

Alcohols, in various forms, are used medically as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and antidote. Pentobarbital and Alcohols (medicine) are sedatives.

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Amobarbital

Amobarbital (formerly known as amylobarbitone or sodium amytal as the soluble sodium salt) is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative. Pentobarbital and Amobarbital are barbiturates and Hypnotics.

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Animal euthanasia

Animal euthanasia (euthanasia from εὐθανασία; "good death") is the act of killing an animal humanely, most commonly with injectable drugs.

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Antiemetic

An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea.

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Antihistamine

Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies.

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Assisted suicide

Assisted suicide means a procedure in which people take medications to end their own lives with the help of others, usually medical professionals.

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Australian Approved Name

An Australian Approved Name (AAN) is a generic drug name set by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) for use in Australia.

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Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is the national broadcaster of Australia.

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Barbiturate

Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. Pentobarbital and Barbiturate are AMPA receptor antagonists, barbiturates, Glycine receptor agonists, Hypnotics, Kainate receptor antagonists and Nicotinic antagonists.

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Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BDZ, BZs), colloquially called "benzos", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. Pentobarbital and Benzodiazepine are Hypnotics and sedatives.

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Brain ischemia

Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient bloodflow to the brain to meet metabolic demand.

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British Approved Name

A British Approved Name (BAN) is the official, non-proprietary, or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP).

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Butyl group

In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula, derived from either of the two isomers (n-butane and isobutane) of butane.

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Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct.

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Compounding

In the field of pharmacy, compounding (performed in compounding pharmacies) is preparation of custom medications to fit unique needs of patients that cannot be met with mass-produced products.

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Convulsion

A convulsion is a medical condition where the body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking.

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Depressant

Colloquially known as "downers", depressants or central nervous system (CNS) depressants are drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, decrease the electrical activity of brain cells, or reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas of the brain.

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Diário Oficial da União

The Diário Oficial da União (literally Official Diary of the Union), abbreviated DOU, is the official journal of the federal government of Brazil.

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Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.

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Ernest H. Volwiler

Ernest Henry Volwiler (August 22, 1893 – October 3, 1992) was an American chemist.

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Ethanol

Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.

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Ethyl group

In organic chemistry, an ethyl group (abbr. Et) is an alkyl substituent with the formula, derived from ethane.

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Euthanasia

Euthanasia (from lit: label + label) is the practice of intentionally ending life to eliminate pain and suffering.

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Federal Bureau of Prisons

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is responsible for all Federal prisons and provide for the care, custody, and control of federal prisoners.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district/national capital of Washington, D.C., where most of the federal government is based.

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First pass effect

The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which leads to a reduction in the concentration of the active drug before it reaches the site of action or systemic circulation.

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GABA

GABA (gamma Aminobutyric acid, γ-Aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Pentobarbital and GABA are Glycine receptor agonists.

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GABAA receptor

The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is an ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel.

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Hypnotic

Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of (and umbrella term for) psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep (or surgical anesthesiaWhen used in anesthesia to produce and maintain unconsciousness, "sleep" is metaphorical as there are no regular sleep stages or cyclical natural states; patients rarely recover from anesthesia feeling refreshed and with renewed energy. Pentobarbital and Hypnotic are Hypnotics.

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Insomnia

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.

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International nonproprietary name

An international nonproprietary name (INN) is an official generic and nonproprietary name given to a pharmaceutical drug or an active ingredient.

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Intramuscular injection

Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle.

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Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.

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Jeff Sessions

Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III (born December 24, 1946) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 84th United States attorney general from 2017 to 2018.

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Kidney

In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.

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Lethal injection

Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person (typically a barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing rapid death.

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Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

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Lundbeck

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Mannitol

Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication.

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Methyl group

In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula (whereas normal methane has the formula). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me.

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Missouri

Missouri is a landlocked state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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NBC News

NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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Opioid

Opioids are a class of drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the opium poppy plant.

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Oral administration

| name.

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Pancuronium bromide

Pancuronium (trademarked as Pavulon) is an aminosteroid muscle relaxant with various medical uses. Pentobarbital and Pancuronium bromide are Lethal injection components and Nicotinic antagonists.

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Pharmaceutical formulation

Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product.

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Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs).

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Phenytoin

Phenytoin (PHT), sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, is an anti-seizure medication. Pentobarbital and Phenytoin are CYP3A4 inducers.

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Preanesthetic agent

A preanesthetic agent (or preanaesthetic agent) is a drug that is given before the administration of an anesthetic to make anaesthesia more pleasant and safe.

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ProPublica

ProPublica, legally Pro Publica, Inc., is a nonprofit organization based in New York City dedicated to investigative journalism.

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Rectal administration

Rectal administration (colloquially known as boofing or plugging) uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels,The rectum has numerous blood vessels available to absorb drugs: upwards 2/3rds of the dose bypasses first-pass metabolism through systemic distribution and the rest is taken through the liver and metabolized via the hepatic portal system.

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Respiratory arrest

Respiratory arrest is a serious medical condition caused by apnea or respiratory dysfunction severe enough that it will not sustain the body (such as agonal breathing).

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Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

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Reye syndrome

Reye syndrome is a rapidly worsening brain disease.

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Salt (chemistry)

In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which results in a compound with no net electric charge (electrically neutral).

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Sedative

A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. Pentobarbital and sedative are sedatives.

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Sodium salts

Sodium salts are salts composed of a sodium cation and the conjugate base anion of some inorganic or organic acids.

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Sodium thiopental

Sodium thiopental, also known as Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories), thiopental, thiopentone, or Trapanal (also a trademark), is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic. Pentobarbital and Sodium thiopental are AMPA receptor antagonists, Glycine receptor agonists, Hypnotics, Kainate receptor antagonists, Lethal injection components, Nicotinic antagonists and sedatives.

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Solubility

In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent.

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Stuff (website)

Stuff is a New Zealand news media website owned by newspaper conglomerate Stuff Ltd (formerly called Fairfax).

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Substance abuse

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others.

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Suffix

In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

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The Christian Post

The Christian Post is an American non-denominational, conservative, evangelical Christian online newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

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United States Adopted Name

A United States Adopted Name (USAN) is a unique nonproprietary name assigned to a medication marketed in the United States.

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United States Attorney General

The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States.

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William Barr

William Pelham Barr (born May 23, 1950) is an American attorney who served as the United States attorney general in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1991 to 1993 and again in the administration of President Donald Trump from 2019 to 2020.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentobarbital

Also known as 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-barbituric acid, ATC code N05CA01, ATCvet code QN05CA01, ATCvet code QN51AA01, Dorsital, Ethaminal, Euthanal, Euthatal, Mebubarbital, Mebumal, Natrium-pentobarbital,Natrium pentobarbital, Natrium pentobarbitone, Natrium-pentobarbitone, Nebralin, Nembutal, Nembutal Sodium, Nembutol, Neodorm, Pento, Pentobarb, Pentobarbital calcium, Pentobarbital sodium, Pentobarbitone, Pentobarbitone sodium, Rivadorm, Sodium pentobarbital, Sodium pentobarbitone.

, Pharmacodynamics, Phenytoin, Preanesthetic agent, ProPublica, Rectal administration, Respiratory arrest, Reuters, Reye syndrome, Salt (chemistry), Sedative, Sodium salts, Sodium thiopental, Solubility, Stuff (website), Substance abuse, Suffix, Switzerland, The Christian Post, The New York Times, Time (magazine), United States Adopted Name, United States Attorney General, William Barr.

Pentobarbital, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

AMPA receptor antagonists

Kainate receptor antagonists

Lethal injection components

References