Women in Iran, the Glossary
Throughout history, women in Iran have played numerous roles, and contributed in many ways, to Iranian society.[1]
Table of Contents
214 relations: A & C Black, Abadan, Iran, Achaemenid Empire, Agence France-Presse, Ahmad Shah Qajar, Akbar Rafsanjani, Ali Khamenei, Amnesty International, Andaruni, Assembly of Experts, Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic, Azadi Stadium, Azam Taleghani, Bahar (newspaper), Barbra Streisand, Battle of Ctesiphon (363), Birth control, Bishapur, Blackboards, Boran, Brooklyn Museum, Brown Journal of World Affairs, Brown University, Byzantine Empire, Cabinet of Iran, Cambridge University Press, Cannes Film Festival, Chastity, Cinema of Iran, Civil service, Collusion, Cultural Revolution, Cyrus the Great, Death of Hadis Najafi, Death of Mahsa Amini, Death of Sahar Khodayari, Death of Sarina Esmailzadeh, Divorce in Islam, Dubai, EconLit, Elaheh Koulaei, Elvis Presley, Embroidery, Expediency Discernment Council, Farah Karimi, Farrokhroo Parsa, Fashion in Iran, Fatemeh Bodaghi, Fatemeh Haghighatjoo, Fatemeh Javadi, ... Expand index (164 more) »
A & C Black
A & C Black is a British book publishing company, owned since 2002 by Bloomsbury Publishing.
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Abadan, Iran
Abadan (آبادان) is a city in the Central District of Abadan County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.
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Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
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Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a French international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.
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Ahmad Shah Qajar
Ahmad Shah Qajar (احمد شاه قاجار‎; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was the Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.
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Akbar Rafsanjani
Ali Akbar Hashimi Bahramani Rafsanjani (25 August 19348 January 2017) was an Iranian politician and writer who served as the fourth president of Iran from 1989 to 1997.
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Ali Khamenei
Seyyed Ali Hosseini Khamenei (translit,; born 19 April 1939) is an Iranian Twelver Shia marja' and politician who has served as the second supreme leader of Iran since 1989.
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Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
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Andaruni
Andaruni (اندرونی) in Iranian architecture, is the inner quarter where the women lived.
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Assembly of Experts
The Assembly of Experts (majles-e xobregân-e rahbari), also translated as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership or as the Council of Experts, is the deliberative body empowered to appoint the Supreme Leader of Iran.
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Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic
The Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic (جمعیت زنان جمهوری اسلامی, Jam’iat-e Zanan-e Jomhouri-e Islami) is an Iranian reformist political party.
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Azadi Stadium
The Azadi Stadium (ورزشگاه آزادی Varzešgâh-è Âzâdi), opened as the Aryamehr Stadium (ورزشگاه آریامهر Varzešgâh-è Âryâmehr), is an all-seater football stadium in Tehran, Iran.
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Azam Taleghani
Azam Taleghani (اعظمطالقانی; 1943 – 30 October 2019) was an Iranian politician and journalist who was the head of the Society of Islamic Revolution Women of Iran, editor of Payam-e-Hajar weekly, and a member of the Iranian parliament.
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Bahar (newspaper)
Bahar (lit) is a reformist newspaper published in Tehran, Iran.
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Barbra Streisand
Barbara Joan "Barbra" Streisand (born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, actress, songwriter, producer, and director.
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Battle of Ctesiphon (363)
The Battle of Ctesiphon took place on 29 May 363 between the armies of Roman Emperor Julian and an army of the Sasanian Empire (during Shapur II's reign) outside the walls of the Persian capital Ctesiphon.
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Birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unintended pregnancy.
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Bishapur
Bishapur (Middle Persian: Bay-Šāpūr; بیشاپور, Bishâpûr) was an ancient city in Sasanid Persia (Iran) on the ancient road between Persis and Elam.
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Blackboards
Blackboards (تخته سیاه, Takhté siah) is a 2000 Iranian film directed by Samira Makhmalbaf.
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Boran
Boran (also spelled Buran, Middle Persian) was Sasanian queen (banbishn) of Iran from 630 to 632, with an interruption of some months.
Brooklyn Museum
The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.
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Brown Journal of World Affairs
The Brown Journal of World Affairs is a biannual academic journal of international relations and foreign policy produced at Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University.
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Brown University
Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
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Cabinet of Iran
The Cabinet of Iran (هیئتدولت ایران, Heyatedovlat-e Iran) is a formal body composed of government officials, ministers, chosen and led by the President of Iran.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Film Festival (Festival de Cannes), until 2003 called the International Film Festival (Festival international du film), is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world.
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Chastity
Chastity, also known as purity, is a virtue related to temperance.
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Cinema of Iran
The cinema of Iran (سینمای ایران), or of Persia, refers to the film industry in Iran.
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Civil service
The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil service personnel hired rather than elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership.
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Collusion
Collusion is a deceitful agreement or secret cooperation between two or more parties to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading or defrauding others of their legal right.
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Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
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Cyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia (𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
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Death of Hadis Najafi
Hadis Najafi (حدیث نجفی, January 5, 2000 – September 21, 2022) was an Iranian woman who died after being struck by gunfire in Mehrshahr, Karaj, during the 2022 Iranian protests following the death of Mahsa Amini.
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Death of Mahsa Amini
On 16 September 2022, 22-year-old Iranian woman Mahsa Amini, also known as Jina Amini, died in a hospital in Tehran, Iran, under suspicious circumstances.
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Death of Sahar Khodayari
Sahar Khodayari (سحر خدایاری; – 9 September 2019), also known as the Blue Girl, was an Iranian woman who self-immolated in Tehran to protest the national laws banning females from attending sports events and entering stadiums since the Islamic Revolution.
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Death of Sarina Esmailzadeh
On 23 September 2022, Iranian teenager Sarina Esmailzadeh died of alleged severe beating on the head by security forces during the Mahsa Amini protests in Karaj, Alborz province, Iran, according to human rights organizations.
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Divorce in Islam
Divorce according to Islamic law can occur in a variety of forms, some initiated by a husband and some by a wife.
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Dubai
Dubai (translit) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the country's seven emirates.
EconLit
EconLit is an academic literature abstracting database service published by the American Economic Association.
Elaheh Koulaei
Elaheh Koulaei (الهه کولایی; born 17 December 1956) is an Iranian political scientist, reformist intellectual.
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Elvis Presley
Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), known mononymously as Elvis, was an American singer and actor.
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Embroidery
Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to stitch thread or yarn.
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Expediency Discernment Council
The Expediency Discernment Council of the System (مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامMajma'-e Tašxis-e Maslahat-e Nezâm) is an administrative assembly of Iran appointed by the Supreme Leader and was created upon the revision to the Constitution on 6 February 1988.
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Farah Karimi
Farahnaz "Farah" Karimi (فرح کريمی; born 15 November 1960 in Hassanabad Yasukand, garuss) is an Iranian-Dutch politician.
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Farrokhroo Parsa
Farrokhroo Parsa (فرخرو پارسا; 24 March 1922 – 8 May 1980) was an Iranian physician, educator, and parliamentarian.
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Fashion in Iran
Fashion in Iran has a cultural and economic impact on the county of Iran.
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Fatemeh Bodaghi
Fatemeh Bodaghi (فاطمه بداغی; born) is an Iranian conservative politician who served as the vice president for legal affairs under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
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Fatemeh Haghighatjoo
Fatemeh Haghighatjoo (also spelled Haghighatjou and Haqiqatju; lit) is an Iranian scholar and reformist politician who represented Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr in the Iranian Parliament from 2000 to 2004.
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Fatemeh Javadi
Fatemeh Javadi (فاطمه جوادی, also Romanized as “Fāteme(h) Javādī”; born 1959) is a conservative Iranian politician who was Vice President of Iran from 2005 to 2009.
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Fatemeh Karroubi
Fatemeh Karroubi (فاطمه کروبی; born 18 May 1949) is an Iranian politician and activist.
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Fatemeh Rakeei
Fatemeh Rakeei (فاطمه راکعی) is an Iranian politician, linguist, poet and Alzahra University faculty.
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Fatima
Fatima bint Muhammad (Fāṭima bint Muḥammad; 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fatima al-Zahra' (Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija.
FIFA
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association, more commonly known by its acronym FIFA, is the international self-regulatory governing body of association football, beach soccer, and futsal.
Financial domination
Financial domination (also known as findom) is a fetish lifestyle in which a financial submissive desires to give gifts or money to a financial dominant.
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Financial Tribune
Financial Tribune was a non-governmental newspaper in Iran opened in 2014.
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The Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran (FFIRI; فدراسیون فوتبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Federâsion-è Futbâl-è Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân) is the governing body for football in Iran.
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Forugh Farrokhzad
Forugh Farrokhzad (فروغ فرخزاد; 28 December 1934 – 14 February 1967) was an influential Iranian poet and film director.
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Gabriel
In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Baháʼí Faith), Gabriel is an archangel with the power to announce God's will to mankind.
Gender
Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity.
Gender gap
A gender gap, a relative disparity between people of different genders, is reflected in a variety of sectors in many societies.
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Georgia (country)
Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.
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Goli Ameri
Goli Ameri (گلی عامری;; born September 26, 1956) is an Iranian-American businesswoman and former U.S. diplomat.
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Googoosh
Faegheh Atashin (فائقه آتشین; born 5 May 1950), known professionally as Googoosh (گوگوش), is an Iranian singer and former actress.
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Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Shourā-ye Negahbān) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Guidance Patrol
The Guidance Patrol (translit) or morality police is an Islamic religious police force and vice squad in the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Hana Makhmalbaf
Hana Makhmalbaf (حنا مخملباف; born September 3, 1988, in Tehran) is an Iranian filmmaker.
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Higher education in Iran
Iran has a network of private, public, and state-affiliated universities offering degrees in higher education.
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Hijab
In modern usage, hijab (translit) generally refers to various head coverings conventionally worn by many Muslim women.
Homa Hoodfar
Homa Hoodfar (هما هودفر) is a Canadian-Iranian sociocultural anthropologist and professor emerita of anthropology at Concordia University in Montreal.
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Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran
The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been regarded as very poor.
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Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
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Indian Journal of Gender Studies
The Indian Journal of Gender Studies is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal with a focus on a holistic understanding of society, particularly gender.
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Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Iran Human Rights
Iran Human Rights (IHR) (Persian: سازمان حقوق بشر ایران) is a non-profit international non-governmental organization focused on human rights in Iran.
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Iranian folk music
Iranian folk music refers to the folk music transmitted through generations among the people of Iran, often consisting of tunes that exist in numerous variants.
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Iranian leather industry
Iran’s modern leather industry (صنعت چرمایران) began at the start of the twentieth century.
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Iranian modern and contemporary art
A cursory glance at the history of art reveals that social, political and economic conditions have always played a major role in the emergence of new artistic currents and styles.
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Iranian nationality law
Iranian nationality law contains principles of both jus sanguinis and jus soli.
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Iranian New Wave
Iranian New Wave refers to a movement in Iranian cinema.
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Iranian principlists
The Principlists (Osul-Garāyān), also interchangeably known as the Iranian Conservatives Open access material licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
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Iranian reformists
The Reformists (Eslâh-Talabân) are a political faction in Iran.
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Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.
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Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq.
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Isfahan
Isfahan or Esfahan (اصفهان) is a major city in the Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran.
Islamic Assembly of Ladies
Islamic Assembly of Ladies (مجمع اسلامی بانوان, Mijim'-e 'Islâmi-ye Banuan) is an Iranian reformist all-female political party.
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Islamic City Council of Isfahan
The Islamic City Council of Isfahan (شورای اسلامی شهر اصفهان) is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Isfahan and elects the Mayor of Isfahan in a mayor–council government system.
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Islamic City Council of Mashhad
The Islamic City Council of Mashhad (شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد مقدس) is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Mashhad and elects the mayor in a mayor–council government system.
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Islamic City Council of Shiraz
The Islamic City Council of Shiraz (شورای اسلامی شهر شیراز) is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Shiraz and elects the mayor in a mayor–council government system.
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Islamic City Council of Tabriz
The Islamic City Council of Tabriz (شورای اسلامی شهر تبریز) is the elected council that presides over the city of Tabriz, elects the Mayor of Tabriz, and budgets of the Municipality of Tabriz.
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Islamic City Council of Tehran
The Islamic City Council of Tehran (شورای اسلامی شهر تهران) is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Tehran, elects the mayor of Tehran in a mayor–council government system, and budgets of the Municipality of Tehran.
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Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran.
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Islamic religious police
Islamic religious police (also sometimes known as morality police or sharia police) are official Islamic vice squad police agencies, often in Muslim-majority countries, which enforce religious observance and public morality on behalf of national or regional authorities based on its interpretation of sharīʿah.
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Islamic republic
The term Islamic republic has been used in different ways.
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Islamic Republic News Agency
The Islamic Republic News Agency (خبرگزاری جمهوری اسلامی, Xabargozâri-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi), or IRNA (ایرنا), is the official news agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Islamic Revolution Committees
Islamic Revolution Committees or Committees of Islamic Revolution (Komitehāye Enqelābe Eslāmi), simply known as the Committee (Komīte; commonly referred to as Komiteh, pronounced koh-mee-TAY), was a revolutionary organization turned law enforcement agency in Iran.
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Kashf-e hijab
On 8 January 1936, Reza Shah of Iran (Persia) issued a decree known as Kashf-e hijab (also Romanized as Kashf-e hijāb and Kashf-e hejāb, lit) banning all Islamic veils (including hijab and chador), an edict that was swiftly and forcefully implemented.
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Khosrow II
Khosrow II (spelled Chosroes II in classical sources; Husrō and Khosrau), commonly known as Khosrow Parviz (New Persian: خسرو پرویز, "Khosrow the Victorious"), is considered to be the last great Sasanian king (shah) of Iran, ruling from 590 to 628, with an interruption of one year.
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Killing of Khodanur Lojei
Khodanur Lojei or Lajai (خدانور لجهای; October 2, 1995 – October 2, 2022) was an Iranian protester from Zahedan, who was killed during the 2022 Zahedan massacre, one of the Mahsa Amini protests.
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Killing of Kian Pirfalak
Kian Pirfalak (کیان پیرفلک; 11 June 2013 – 16 November 2022) was a nine-year-old Iranian boy who was killed in Izeh during the crackdown on the Mahsa Amini protests.
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Killing of Nika Shakarami
On 20 September 2022, 16-year-old Iranian girl Nika Shakarami vanished in Tehran during the 2022 Iranian protests following the death of Mahsa Amini.
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Knotted-pile carpet
A knotted-pile carpet is a carpet containing raised surfaces, or piles, from the cut off ends of knots woven between the warp and weft.
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Kurdistan province
Kurdistan Province (استان کردستان) is one of 31 provinces of Iran.
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Lily Afshar
Lily Afshar (لیلی افشار; 9 March 1960 – 24 October 2023) was an Iranian-American classical guitarist.
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List of countries by age at first marriage
This is a list of countries by age at first marriage.
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List of Iranian women
This is a list of Iranian women, of all Iranian ethnic backgrounds, including both women born in Iran and women that are of the Iranian diaspora.
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List of Iranian women artists
This is a list of women artists who were born in Iran or whose artworks are closely associated with that country.
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Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write.
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Local councils of Iran
The Islamic Councils (شوراهای اسلامی), formerly known as the Provincial Societies (anjoman-ha-ye ayalati va velayati) are local councils which are elected by public vote in all cities and villages throughout Iran.
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Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting.
Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a regional American daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California in 1881.
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Mahmūd Ahmadīnežād,; born Mahmoud Sabbaghian on 28 October 1956) is an Iranian principlist and nationalist politician who served as the sixth president of Iran from 2005 to 2013.
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Mahnaz Afkhami
Mahnaz Afkhami (Persian: مهناز افخمی; born January 14, 1941) is an Iranian women's rights activist who served in the Cabinet of Iran from 1976 to 1978.
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Mahsa Amini
Mahsa Amini (مهسا ژینا امینی; 21 September 1999 – 16 September 2022), also known as Jina Amini (ژینا ئەمینی), was an Iranian woman whose arrest in Tehran for opposing mandatory hijab and subsequent death in police custody sparked a wave of protests throughout Iran.
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Mahsa Amini protests
Civil unrest and protests against the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran associated with the death in police custody of Mahsa Amini (مهسا امینی) began on 16 September 2022 and carried on into 2023, but were said to have "dwindled" or "died down" by spring of 2023.
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Mahsati
Mahsati (Mahsati) was a medieval Persian female poet who was reportedly one of the first poets to compose ruba'iyat (quatrains) in her native language.
Mahshid Amirshahi
Mahshid Amirshahi (مهشید امیرشاهی; surname also Romanized as Amir-Shahy or Amirshahy; born 9 April 1937) is an Iranian novelist, short story writer, humorist, literary critic, journalist, and translator.
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Malek Jahan Khanom
Malek Jahan Khanom (ملک جهان خانم; 26 February 1805 – 2 April 1873) was the wife of Mohammad Shah Qajar of Persia and the mother of Naser al-Din Shah.
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Maryam Keshavarz
Maryam Keshavarz (مریمکشاورز), is an American filmmaker, of Iranian descent.
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Maryam Mojtahedzadeh
Maryam Mojtahedzadeh (مریممجتهدزاده) is an Iranian nurse, educator and conservative politician who was formerly Vice President of Iran under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
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Marzieh Hadidchi
Marzieh Hadidchi (مرضیه حدیدچی., 12 June 1939 – 17 November 2016), also known as Marzieh Dabbaq and Tahere Dabagh, was an Iranian Islamist activist, political prisoner, military commander in the Iran–Iraq War, a politician and representative of the city of Hamedan in the Iranian parliament in the second, third, fourth and the fifth Majles.
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Masih Alinejad
Masih Alinejad (مسیح علینژاد, born Masoumeh Alinejad-Ghomikolayi (معصومه علینژاد قمیکُلایی), September 11, 1976) is an Iranian-American journalist, author, and women's rights activist.
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Masoumeh Ebtekar
Masoumeh Ebtekar (معصومه ابتکار; born 21 September 1960) is an Iranian reformist politician, who was the Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs, from 9 August 2017 to 1 September 2021.
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Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
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Middle East Critique
Middle East Critique is a peer-reviewed Middle Eastern studies journal published by Taylor & Francis.
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Mina Assadi
Mina Assadi (مینا اسدی; born March 12, 1943) is an Iranian-born poet, author, journalist and songwriter who lives in exile in Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), commonly referred to in the Western world as Mohammad Reza Shah, or just simply The Shah, was the last monarch of Iran.
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Moral character
Moral character or character (derived from) is an analysis of an individual's steady moral qualities.
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Musa of Parthia
Musa (also spelled Mousa), also known as Thea Musa, was a ruling queen of the Parthian Empire from 2 BC to 4 AD.
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My Stealthy Freedom
My Stealthy Freedom is an online movement that was started in 2014 by Masih Alinejad, an Iranian-born journalist and activist based in the United Kingdom and the United States.
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Nasrin Sotoudeh
Nasrin Sotoudeh (نسرین ستوده) is a human rights lawyer in Iran.
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National Museum of Iran
The National Museum of Iran (موزهٔ ملی ایران) is located in Tehran, Iran.
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Niki Karimi
Niki Karimi (نیکی کریمی.; born 10 November 1971) is an Iranian actress and filmmaker.
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Pahlavi dynasty
The Pahlavi dynasty (دودمان پهلوی) was the last Iranian royal dynasty that ruled for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979.
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Pari Saberi
Pari Saberi (پری صابری, born 21 March 1932 in Kerman) is an Iranian drama and theatre director and Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, awarded by French President Jacques Chirac.
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Parvin E'tesami
Rakhshandeh E'tesami (رخشنده اعتصامی, Raḵšanda Eʿteṣāmī; March 17, 1907 – April 4, 1941), better known as Parvin E'tesami (پروین اعتصامی), was an Iranian 20th-century Persian poet.
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Persepolis
Persepolis (Pārsa) was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire.
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Persepolis Administrative Archives
The Persepolis Administrative Archive (also Fortification Archive or Treasury Archive) are two groups of clay administrative archives — sets of records physically stored together – found in Persepolis dating to the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
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Persian literature
Persian literature comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures.
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Persian miniature
A Persian miniature (Persian: نگارگری ایرانی negârgari Irâni) is a small Persian painting on paper, whether a book illustration or a separate work of art intended to be kept in an album of such works called a muraqqa.
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Persians
The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.
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Phraates IV
Phraates IV (also spelled Frahad IV; 𐭐𐭓𐭇𐭕 Frahāt) was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 37 to 2 BC.
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Political Studies (journal)
Political Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all areas of political science, established in 1953 and published quarterly by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Political Studies Association.
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Polo
Polo is a ball game that is played on horseback, a traditional field sport and one of the world's oldest known team sports.
Polygamy
Polygamy (from Late Greek πολυγαμία, "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.
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Profession
A profession is a field of work that has been successfully professionalized.
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Qajar dynasty
The Qajar dynasty (translit; 1789–1925) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.
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Qamar-ol-Moluk Vaziri
Qamar-ol-Moluk Vaziri (قمرالملوک وزیرى; (1905 – 5 August 1959), born Qamar Khanum Seyed Hosayn Khan (قمر خانمسید حسین خان), commonly known as "Qamar" (قمر), was a celebrated Iranian singer, who was also the first woman of her time to sing in public in Iran without wearing a veil.
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Qatran Tabrizi
Qatran Tabrizi (قطران تبریزی; 1009–1014 – after 1088) was a Persian writer, who is considered to have been one of the leading poets in 11th-century Iran.
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Queen consort
A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status.
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Rabia Balkhi
Rabia Balkhi, also known as Rabia al-Quzdari (or Khuzdari) was a 10th-century writer who composed poetry in Persian and Arabic.
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Radio Zamaneh
Radio Zamaneh (رادیو زمانه) is an Amsterdam-based Persian language exile news platform and former radio broadcaster with a leftist approach.
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Rakhshān Banietemad
Rakhshān Banietemad (رخشان بنیاعتماد; born April 3, 1954, in Tehran, Iran) is an internationally and critically acclaimed Iranian film director and screenwriter who is widely considered a premier female director and her films have been praised at international festivals as well as being popular with Iranian critics and audiences.
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Religious experience
A religious experience (sometimes known as a spiritual experience, sacred experience, mystical experience) is a subjective experience which is interpreted within a religious framework.
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Reza Shah
Reza Shah Pahlavi (15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian military officer and the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty.
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Robert D. Kaplan
Robert David Kaplan (born June 23, 1952) is an American author.
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Roman mosaic
A Roman mosaic is a mosaic made during the Roman period, throughout the Roman Republic and later Empire.
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Ruhollah Khomeini
Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989.
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Sage Publishing
Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.
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Samira Makhmalbaf
Samira Makhmalbaf (سمیرا مخملباف, Samira Makhmalbaaf;, born 15 February 1980) is an Iranian filmmaker and screenwriter.
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Sasanian art
Sasanian art, or Sassanid art, was produced under the Sasanian Empire which ruled from the 3rd to 7th centuries AD, before the Muslim conquest of Persia was completed around 651.
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Sasanian dynasty
The Sasanian dynasty (also known as the Sassanids or the House of Sasan) was the house that founded the Sasanian Empire of Iran, ruling this empire from 224 to 651 AD.
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Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
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Sattareh Farmanfarmaian
Sattāreh Farmānfarmā'iān (ستاره فرمانفرمائیان; December 23, 1921 – May 21, 2012), also Sattareh Farman-Farmaian, was an Iranian author, social worker, and was of Qajar nobility.
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Science and technology in Iran
Iran has made considerable advances in science and technology through education and training, despite international sanctions in almost all aspects of research during the past 30 years.
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Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.
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Shahindokht Molaverdi
Shahindokht Molaverdi (شهیندخت مولاوردی; born 23 October 1965) is an Iranian academic, feminist, jurist, scholar and aide to the President of Iran.
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Shahr-e Sukhteh
Shahr-e Sukhteh (شهر سوخته, meaning "Burnt City"), c. 3550–2300 BC,Ascalone, E., and P. F. Fabbri, (2022).
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Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.
Shirin
Shirin (شیرین; died 628) was wife of the Sasanian emperor Khosrow II.
Shirin Ebadi
Shirin Ebadi (Širin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian Nobel laureate, lawyer, writer, teacher and a former judge and founder of the Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran.
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Sima Bina
Sima Bina (سیما بینا, Simā Binā, born 4 January 1945) is an Iranian traditional musician, composer, researcher, painter and teacher, described by Radio WDR Germany as the "grand lady of Iranian folk music".
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Simin Behbahani
Simin Behbahani, her surname also appears as Bihbahani (née Siminbar Khalili; سیمین بهبهانی; 20 July 1927 – 19 August 2014) was a prominent Iranian contemporary poet, lyricist, and activist.
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Simin Daneshvar
Simin Dāneshvar (سیمین دانشور‎; 28 April 1921 – 8 March 2012) was an Iranian academic, novelist, fiction writer, and translator.
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Sistan and Baluchestan province
Sistan and Baluchestan Province (استان سيستان و بلوچستان) is the second largest of the 31 Provinces of Iran, after Kerman Province, with an area of 180,726 km2.
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Siyâvash
Siyâvash (سیاوش, via Middle Persian Siyâwaxš, from Avestan Syâvaršan) or Siyâvoš or Siavash (سياووش) is a major figure in Ferdowsi's epic, the Shahnameh.
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Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess.
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Solitary confinement
Solitary confinement is a form of imprisonment in which an incarcerated person lives in a single cell with little or no contact with other people.
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Soodabeh Salem
Soodabeh Salem (also Sudabeh Salam, سودابه سالم., born 1954 in Tehran) is an Iranian musician, piano player and the conductor of Iran's Children Orchestra.
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Stadium
A stadium (stadiums or stadia) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event.
Supreme Leader of Iran
The supreme leader of Iran (Rahbar-e Moazam-e Irân), also referred to as Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (رهبر معظمانقلاب اسلامی), but officially called the Supreme Leadership Authority (مقاممعظمرهبری), is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran (above the President).
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Syracuse University
Syracuse University (informally 'Cuse or SU) is a private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States.
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Tabriz
Tabriz (تبریز) is a city in the Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran.
Tahereh Saffarzadeh
Tahereh Saffarzadeh (طاهره صفارزاده., 1936 in Sirjan, Kerman Province, Iran – October 25, 2008 in Tehran, Iran) was an Iranian poet, writer, translator and prominent university professor.
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Tahmineh Milani
Tahmineh Milāni (تهمینه میلانی; born 1960) is an Iranian feminist activist, and film director and producer.
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Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
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Táhirih
Táhirih (Ṭāhira) (طاهره, "The Pure One," also called Qurrat al-ʿAyn ("Solace/Consolation of the Eyes") are both titles of Fatimah Baraghani/Umm-i Salmih (1814 or 1817 – August 16–27, 1852), an influential poet, women's rights activist and theologian of the Bábí faith in Iran.
Tehran
Tehran (تهران) or Teheran is the capital and largest city of Iran as well as the largest in Tehran Province.
The Apple (1998 film)
The Apple (سیب, translit. Sib) is the 1998 directorial debut by Samira Makhmalbaf, daughter of Iranian director Mohsen Makhmalbaf.
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The New York Sun
The New York Sun is an American conservative news website and former newspaper based in Manhattan, New York.
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Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Unemployment
Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period.
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.
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United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy.
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University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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University of Tehran
The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, دانشگاه تهران, Dāneshgāh-e Tehran) is the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran, Iran.
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Unlawful assembly
Unlawful assembly is a legal term to describe a group of people with the mutual intent of deliberate disturbance of the peace.
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Vida Movahed
Vida Movahed (Persian: ویدا موحدی; born 1985 in Tehran), more commonly known as Vida Movahed, is an Iranian human rights activist, protester, and women's rights activist who is considered the initiator of the Girls of Enghelab movement.
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Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
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Woman, Life, Freedom
Woman, Life, Freedom is a slogan that originated within the women-led Kurdish movements.
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Women's cinema
Women's cinema primarily describes cinematic works directed (and optionally produced too) by women filmmakers.
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Women's rights in Iran
During the late 20th and early 21st centuries in Iran, women's rights have been severely restricted, compared with those in most developed nations.
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Women's rights movement in Iran
The Iranian Women's Rights Movement (Persian: جنبش زنان ایران), is the social movement for women's rights of the women in Iran.
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Yassamin Maleknasr
Yassamin Maleknasr (also spelled Yasman Malek-Nasr, born 19 May 1955, Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian filmmaker and actress.
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Zahra Dowlatabadi
Zahra Dowlatabadi (Persian: زهرا دولت آبادی; born September 14, 1962) is an Iranian-born American filmmaker and film producer.
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Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini
Sayyida Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini (زهرا مصطفوی خمینی; born 13 November 1940) is an Iranian politician and educator.
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Zahra Rahnavard
Zahra Rahnavard (زهرا رهنورد; born Zohreh Kazemi; 19 August 1945) is an Iranian academic, artist and politician.
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Zahra Shojaei
Zahra Shojaei (زهرا شجاعی; 1956 – 26 March 2024) was an Iranian politician.
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Zeynab Society
The "Zeynab Society (S.A.A)" (جامعه زینب (س)) is an Iranian traditional principlist all-female political, cultural and advocacy group affiliated with the Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader.
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Zoya Pirzad
Zoya Pirzad (also spelled as Zoyā Pirzād; زویا پیرزاد; Զոյա Փիրզադ; born 1952 in Abadan) is an Iranian-Armenian writer and novelist.
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1979 International Women's Day protests in Tehran
On International Women's Day on March 8, 1979, a women's march took place in Tehran in Iran.
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3rd millennium BC
The 3rd millennium BC spanned the years 3000 to 2001 BC.
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4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Iran
Also known as History of women in Iran, Iranian Woman, Iranian Women, Persian Woman, Persian Women, Women in Persia, Women in ancient Iran, Women's clothing in Iran, Women's history in Iran, Women's political participation in Iran, Women's suffrage in Iran.
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