Photosynthesis, the Glossary
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.[1]
Table of Contents
448 relations: A Greek–English Lexicon, Absorption spectroscopy, Academic Press, Accessory pigment, Accuracy and precision, Action spectrum, Adenosine triphosphate, Alarm photosynthesis, Algae, Alveolate, Amaranthus hybridus, Ambient pressure, Amino acid, Ammonia, Analysis, Andrew Benson, Animal, Anoxygenic photosynthesis, Archaea, Archaeplastida, Archean, Aridity, Arsenate, Arsenite, Artificial photosynthesis, Asgard (archaea), Assimilation (biology), Astrobiology Magazine, Atmosphere of Earth, Atmospheric chemistry, Atmospheric pressure, Atom, ATP synthase, Author, Autotroph, Bacteria, Bacteriochlorophyll, Bacteriorhodopsin, Benjamin Cummings, Benzoquinone, Bicarbonate, Biodiversity Heritage Library, Biological carbon fixation, Biological process, Biological system, Biological thermodynamics, Biomass (ecology), Blue, Body plan, Botany, ... Expand index (398 more) »
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A Greek–English Lexicon
A Greek–English Lexicon, often referred to as Liddell & Scott or Liddell–Scott–Jones (LSJ), is a standard lexicographical work of the Ancient Greek language originally edited by Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones, and Roderick McKenzie and published in 1843 by the Oxford University Press.
See Photosynthesis and A Greek–English Lexicon
Absorption spectroscopy
Absorption spectroscopy is spectroscopy that involves techniques that measure the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, as a function of frequency or wavelength, due to its interaction with a sample.
See Photosynthesis and Absorption spectroscopy
Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.
See Photosynthesis and Academic Press
Accessory pigment
Accessory pigments are light-absorbing compounds, found in photosynthetic organisms, that work in conjunction with chlorophyll ''a''.
See Photosynthesis and Accessory pigment
Accuracy and precision
Accuracy and precision are two measures of observational error.
See Photosynthesis and Accuracy and precision
Action spectrum
An action spectrum is a graph of the rate of biological effectiveness plotted against wavelength of light.
See Photosynthesis and Action spectrum
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Photosynthesis and Adenosine triphosphate are cellular respiration.
See Photosynthesis and Adenosine triphosphate
Alarm photosynthesis
Alarm photosynthesis is a variation of photosynthesis where calcium oxalate crystals function as dynamic carbon pools, supplying carbon dioxide (CO2) to photosynthetic cells when stomata are partially or totally closed.
See Photosynthesis and Alarm photosynthesis
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
Alveolate
The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") are a group of protists, considered a major clade and superphylum within Eukarya.
See Photosynthesis and Alveolate
Amaranthus hybridus
Amaranthus hybridus, commonly called green amaranth, slim amaranth, smooth amaranth, smooth pigweed, or red amaranth, is a species of annual flowering plant.
See Photosynthesis and Amaranthus hybridus
Ambient pressure
The ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, in contact with the object.
See Photosynthesis and Ambient pressure
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
See Photosynthesis and Amino acid
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.
See Photosynthesis and Ammonia
Analysis
Analysis (analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.
See Photosynthesis and Analysis
Andrew Benson
Andrew Alm Benson (September 24, 1917 – January 16, 2015) was an American biologist and a professor of biology at the University of California, San Diego, until his retirement in 1989.
See Photosynthesis and Andrew Benson
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a special form of photosynthesis used by some bacteria and archaea, which differs from the better known oxygenic photosynthesis in plants in the reductant used (e.g. hydrogen sulfide instead of water) and the byproduct generated (e.g. elemental sulfur instead of molecular oxygen).
See Photosynthesis and Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.
See Photosynthesis and Archaea
Archaeplastida
The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae sensu lato "in a broad sense"; pronounced) are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the photoautotrophic red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, land plants, and the minor group glaucophytes.
See Photosynthesis and Archaeplastida
Archean
The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan), in older sources sometimes called the Archaeozoic, is the second of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, preceded by the Hadean Eon and followed by the Proterozoic.
See Photosynthesis and Archean
Aridity
Aridity is the condition of a region that severely lacks available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life.
See Photosynthesis and Aridity
Arsenate
The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula.
See Photosynthesis and Arsenate
Arsenite
In chemistry, an arsenite is a chemical compound containing an arsenic oxyanion where arsenic has oxidation state +3.
See Photosynthesis and Arsenite
Artificial photosynthesis
Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that biomimics the natural process of photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Artificial photosynthesis
Asgard (archaea)
Asgard or Asgardarchaeota is a proposed superphylum consisting of a group of archaea that contain eukaryotic signature proteins.
See Photosynthesis and Asgard (archaea)
Assimilation (biology)
Assimilation is the process of absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other chemicals from food as part of the nutrition of an organism. Photosynthesis and Assimilation (biology) are biological processes and metabolism.
See Photosynthesis and Assimilation (biology)
Astrobiology Magazine
Astrobiology Magazine (exploring the solar system and beyond), or Astrobiology Mag, was an American, formerly NASA-sponsored, international online popular science magazine that contained popular science content, which referred to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects.
See Photosynthesis and Astrobiology Magazine
Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes), all retained by Earth's gravity.
See Photosynthesis and Atmosphere of Earth
Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied.
See Photosynthesis and Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth.
See Photosynthesis and Atmospheric pressure
Atom
Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements.
ATP synthase
ATP synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Photosynthesis and ATP synthase are cellular respiration.
See Photosynthesis and ATP synthase
In legal discourse, an author is the creator of an original work, whether that work is in written, graphic, or recorded medium.
Autotroph
An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds, which can be used by other organisms. Photosynthesis and autotroph are plant nutrition.
See Photosynthesis and Autotroph
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
See Photosynthesis and Bacteria
Bacteriochlorophyll
Bacteriochlorophylls (BChl) are photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Bacteriochlorophyll
Bacteriorhodopsin
Bacteriorhodopsin (Bop) is a protein used by Archaea, most notably by haloarchaea, a class of the Euryarchaeota.
See Photosynthesis and Bacteriorhodopsin
Benjamin Cummings
Benjamin Cummings is a publishing imprint of Pearson Education that specializes in science.
See Photosynthesis and Benjamin Cummings
Benzoquinone
Benzoquinone (C6H4O2) is a quinone with a single benzene ring.
See Photosynthesis and Benzoquinone
Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
See Photosynthesis and Bicarbonate
Biodiversity Heritage Library
The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is the world’s largest open access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives.
See Photosynthesis and Biodiversity Heritage Library
Biological carbon fixation
Biological carbon fixation, or сarbon assimilation, is the process by which living organisms convert inorganic carbon (particularly carbon dioxide) to organic compounds.
See Photosynthesis and Biological carbon fixation
Biological process
Biological processes are those processes that are necessary for an organism to live and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment. Photosynthesis and Biological process are biological processes.
See Photosynthesis and Biological process
Biological system
A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities.
See Photosynthesis and Biological system
Biological thermodynamics
Biological thermodynamics (Thermodynamics of biological systems) is a science that explains the nature and general laws of thermodynamic processes occurring in living organisms as nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems that convert the energy of the Sun and food into other types of energy.
See Photosynthesis and Biological thermodynamics
Biomass (ecology)
Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Photosynthesis and Biomass (ecology) are ecosystems.
See Photosynthesis and Biomass (ecology)
Blue
Blue is one of the three primary colours in the RYB colour model (traditional colour theory), as well as in the RGB (additive) colour model.
Body plan
A body plan, Bauplan, or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals.
See Photosynthesis and Body plan
Botany
Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
Botany (journal)
Botany is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Canadian Science Publishing.
See Photosynthesis and Botany (journal)
Breathing
Breathing (spiration or ventilation) is the rhythmical process of moving air into (inhalation) and out of (exhalation) the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen.
See Photosynthesis and Breathing
Brown algae
Brown algae (alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class Phaeophyceae.
See Photosynthesis and Brown algae
By-product
A by-product or byproduct is a secondary product derived from a production process, manufacturing process or chemical reaction; it is not the primary product or service being produced.
See Photosynthesis and By-product
C. B. van Niel
Cornelis Bernardus van Niel (also known as Kees van Niel; November 4, 1897 – March 10, 1985) was a Dutch-American microbiologist.
See Photosynthesis and C. B. van Niel
C3 carbon fixation
carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, the other two being c4 and CAM.
See Photosynthesis and C3 carbon fixation
C4 carbon fixation
carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants.
See Photosynthesis and C4 carbon fixation
Cactus
A cactus (cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species of the order Caryophyllales.
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
See Photosynthesis and Calcium
Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula or.
See Photosynthesis and Calcium oxalate
Calvin cycle
The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose. Photosynthesis and Calvin cycle are metabolism.
See Photosynthesis and Calvin cycle
Candle
A candle is an ignitable wick embedded in wax, or another flammable solid substance such as tallow, that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance.
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).
See Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate
Carbon
Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Photosynthesis and Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
In Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, photosynthesis and oceanic carbon cycle.
See Photosynthesis and Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
Carbon sink
A carbon sink is a natural or artificial carbon sequestration process that "removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere".
See Photosynthesis and Carbon sink
Carbonic anhydrase
The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions).
See Photosynthesis and Carbonic anhydrase
Carboxylation
Carboxylation is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is produced by treating a substrate with carbon dioxide.
See Photosynthesis and Carboxylation
Carboxysome
Carboxysomes are bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) consisting of polyhedral protein shells filled with the enzymes ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO)—the predominant enzyme in carbon fixation and the rate limiting enzyme in the Calvin cycle—and carbonic anhydrase.
See Photosynthesis and Carboxysome
Carotene
The term carotene (also carotin, from the Latin carota, "carrot") is used for many related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C40Hx, which are synthesized by plants but in general cannot be made by animals (with the exception of some aphids and spider mites which acquired the synthesizing genes from fungi).
See Photosynthesis and Carotene
Carotenoid
Carotenoids are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi.
See Photosynthesis and Carotenoid
Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
See Photosynthesis and Catalase
Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.
See Photosynthesis and Catalysis
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
See Photosynthesis and Cell (biology)
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
See Photosynthesis and Cell membrane
Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
See Photosynthesis and Cell nucleus
Cellular compartment
Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane.
See Photosynthesis and Cellular compartment
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are metabolism and plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration
Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
See Photosynthesis and Cellulose
Cercozoa
Cercozoa (now synonymised with Filosa) is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes.
See Photosynthesis and Cercozoa
Cereal
A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain.
Charles Reid Barnes
Charles Reid Barnes (1858–1910) was an American botanist specializing in bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts).
See Photosynthesis and Charles Reid Barnes
Chemical & Engineering News
Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) is a weekly news magazine published by the American Chemical Society (ACS), providing professional and technical news and analysis in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering.
See Photosynthesis and Chemical & Engineering News
Chemical energy
Chemical energy is the energy of chemical substances that is released when the substances undergo a chemical reaction and transform into other substances.
See Photosynthesis and Chemical energy
Chemical equation
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.
See Photosynthesis and Chemical equation
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
See Photosynthesis and Chemical reaction
Chemical substance
A chemical substance is a unique form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.
See Photosynthesis and Chemical substance
Chemical synthesis
Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products.
See Photosynthesis and Chemical synthesis
Chemist
A chemist (from Greek chēm(ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchemist) is a graduated scientist trained in the study of chemistry, or an officially enrolled student in the field.
See Photosynthesis and Chemist
Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.
See Photosynthesis and Chemistry
Chemosynthesis
In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis are biological processes, ecosystems and metabolism.
See Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis
Chert
Chert is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Chloracidobacterium
Chloracidobacterium is a genus of the Acidobacteriota.
See Photosynthesis and Chloracidobacterium
Chlorarachniophyte
The chlorarachniophytes are a small group of exclusively marine algae widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters.
See Photosynthesis and Chlorarachniophyte
Chlorella
Chlorella is a genus of about thirteen species of single-celled green algae of the division Chlorophyta.
See Photosynthesis and Chlorella
Chloroflexota
The Chloroflexota are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis (green non-sulfur bacteria); and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics (such as the toxic chlorinated ethenes and polychlorinated biphenyls) as electron acceptors.
See Photosynthesis and Chloroflexota
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
See Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light, and it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Chlorophyll does not reflect light but chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light is diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls.
See Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll fluorescence
Chlorophyll fluorescence is light re-emitted by chlorophyll molecules during return from excited to non-excited states.
See Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll fluorescence
Chloroplast
A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.
See Photosynthesis and Chloroplast
Chloroplast membrane
Chloroplasts contain several important membranes, vital for their function.
See Photosynthesis and Chloroplast membrane
Chlorosome
A chlorosome is a photosynthetic antenna complex found in green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and many green non-sulfur bacteria (GNsB), together known as green bacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Chlorosome
Chromophore
A chromophore is a molecule which absorbs light at a particular wavelength and emits color as a result.
See Photosynthesis and Chromophore
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
See Photosynthesis and Chromosome
Chrompodellid
Chrompodellids are a clade of single-celled protists belonging to the Alveolata supergroup.
See Photosynthesis and Chrompodellid
Ciliate
The ciliates are a group of alveolates characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella.
See Photosynthesis and Ciliate
Colobanthus quitensis
Colobanthus quitensis, the Antarctic pearlwort, is one of two native flowering plants found in the Antarctic region.
See Photosynthesis and Colobanthus quitensis
Color
Color (American English) or colour (British and Commonwealth English) is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum.
Common descent
Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.
See Photosynthesis and Common descent
Computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation).
See Photosynthesis and Computer
Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
See Photosynthesis and Concentration
Condensation reaction
In organic chemistry, a condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water.
See Photosynthesis and Condensation reaction
Continental shelf
A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea.
See Photosynthesis and Continental shelf
Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time.
See Photosynthesis and Convergent evolution
Coral
Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria.
Cornell University
Cornell University is a private Ivy League land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York.
See Photosynthesis and Cornell University
CoRR hypothesis
The CoRR hypothesis states that the location of genetic information in cytoplasmic organelles permits regulation of its expression by the reduction-oxidation ("redox") state of its gene products.
See Photosynthesis and CoRR hypothesis
Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions that allows a plant to photosynthesize during the day, but only exchange gases at night.
See Photosynthesis and Crassulacean acid metabolism
Crop
A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence.
Crop yield
In agriculture, the yield is a measurement of the amount of a crop grown, or product such as wool, meat or milk produced, per unit area of land. Photosynthesis and crop yield are Agronomy.
See Photosynthesis and Crop yield
Cryptista
Cryptista is a clade of alga-like eukaryotes.
See Photosynthesis and Cryptista
Cryptophyceae
The cryptophyceae are a class of algae, most of which have plastids.
See Photosynthesis and Cryptophyceae
Current Opinion (Elsevier)
Current Opinion is a collection of review journals on various disciplines of the life sciences.
See Photosynthesis and Current Opinion (Elsevier)
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Cyanobacteria
Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)).
See Photosynthesis and Cytosol
Daily light integral
Daily light integral (DLI) describes the number of photosynthetically active photons (individual particles of light in the 400-700 nm range) that are delivered to a specific area over a 24-hour period.
See Photosynthesis and Daily light integral
Daniel I. Arnon
Daniel Israel Arnon (November 14, 1910 – December 20, 1994) was a Polish-born American plant physiologist and National Medal of Science recipient whose research led to greater insights into the operation of photosynthesis and nutrition in plants.
See Photosynthesis and Daniel I. Arnon
Dark oxygen
Dark oxygen is molecular oxygen (O2) found in the depths of oceans, so deep that light cannot penetrate, thereby removing the possibility of being generated by photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Dark oxygen
Dean Burk
Dean Turner Burk (March 21, 1904 – October 6, 1988) was an American biochemist, medical researcher, and a cancer researcher at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute and the National Cancer Institute.
See Photosynthesis and Dean Burk
Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2).
See Photosynthesis and Decarboxylation
Derivative (chemistry)
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction.
See Photosynthesis and Derivative (chemistry)
Diaphoretickes
Diaphoretickes is a major group of eukaryotic organisms, with over 400,000 species.
See Photosynthesis and Diaphoretickes
Diatom
A diatom (Neo-Latin diatoma) is any member of a large group comprising several genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
Diatomic molecule
Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements.
See Photosynthesis and Diatomic molecule
Dicotyledon
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided.
See Photosynthesis and Dicotyledon
Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered protists.
See Photosynthesis and Dinoflagellate
Dissipation
In thermodynamics, dissipation is the result of an irreversible process that affects a thermodynamic system.
See Photosynthesis and Dissipation
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
Druse (botany)
A druse is a group of crystals of calcium oxalate, silicates, or carbonates present in plants, and are thought to be a defense against herbivory due to their toxicity. Photosynthesis and druse (botany) are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Druse (botany)
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
Electrical energy
Electrical energy is energy related to forces on electrically charged particles and the movement of those particles (often electrons in wires, but not always).
See Photosynthesis and Electrical energy
Electrochemical gradient
An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. Photosynthesis and electrochemical gradient are cellular respiration.
See Photosynthesis and Electrochemical gradient
Electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength.
See Photosynthesis and Electromagnetic spectrum
Electron
The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.
See Photosynthesis and Electron
Electron acceptor
An electron acceptor is a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound.
See Photosynthesis and Electron acceptor
Electron donor
In chemistry, an electron donor is a chemical entity that transfers electrons to another compound.
See Photosynthesis and Electron donor
Electron transfer
Electron transfer (ET) occurs when an electron relocates from an atom or molecule to another such chemical entity.
See Photosynthesis and Electron transfer
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. Photosynthesis and electron transport chain are cellular respiration.
See Photosynthesis and Electron transport chain
ELife
eLife is a not-for-profit, peer-reviewed, open access, science publisher for the biomedical and life sciences.
Elysia chlorotica
Elysia chlorotica (common name the eastern emerald elysia) is a small-to-medium-sized species of green sea slug, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusc.
See Photosynthesis and Elysia chlorotica
Elysia viridis
Elysia viridis, the sap-sucking slug, is a small-to-medium-sized species of green sea slug, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusc in the family Plakobranchidae.
See Photosynthesis and Elysia viridis
Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.
See Photosynthesis and Endocytosis
Endosymbiont
An endosymbiont or endobiont is an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism.
See Photosynthesis and Endosymbiont
Endothermic process
An endothermic process is a chemical or physical process that absorbs heat from its surroundings.
See Photosynthesis and Endothermic process
Energy
Energy is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light.
Energy Information Administration
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.
See Photosynthesis and Energy Information Administration
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. Photosynthesis and Enzyme are metabolism.
Euglenid
Euglenids or euglenoids are one of the best-known groups of flagellates.
See Photosynthesis and Euglenid
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
See Photosynthesis and Eukaryote
Euphorbia
Euphorbia is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the family Euphorbiaceae.
See Photosynthesis and Euphorbia
Evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.
See Photosynthesis and Evaporation
Evidence
Evidence for a proposition is what supports the proposition.
See Photosynthesis and Evidence
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
See Photosynthesis and Evolution
Excavata
Excavata is an extensive and diverse but paraphyletic group of unicellular Eukaryota.
See Photosynthesis and Excavata
Exciton
An electron and an electron hole that are attracted to each other by the Coulomb force can form a bound state called an exciton.
See Photosynthesis and Exciton
Experiment
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
See Photosynthesis and Experiment
Femtosecond
A femtosecond is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to 10 or of a second; that is, one quadrillionth, or one millionth of one billionth, of a second.
See Photosynthesis and Femtosecond
Ferricyanide
Ferricyanide is the anion 3−.
See Photosynthesis and Ferricyanide
Fluorometer
A fluorometer, fluorimeter or fluormeter is a device used to measure parameters of visible spectrum fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light.
See Photosynthesis and Fluorometer
Food
Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support.
Food chain
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice), or decomposer (such as fungi or bacteria).
See Photosynthesis and Food chain
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
Fraction
A fraction (from fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts.
See Photosynthesis and Fraction
Frederick Blackman
Frederick Frost Blackman FRS (25 July 1866 – 30 January 1947) was a British plant physiologist.
See Photosynthesis and Frederick Blackman
Fructose
Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.
See Photosynthesis and Fructose
Fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll, with formula C42H58O6.
See Photosynthesis and Fucoxanthin
Functional Plant Biology
Functional Plant Biology is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing.
See Photosynthesis and Functional Plant Biology
Gabrielle Howard
Gabrielle Louise Caroline Howard (née Matthaei; 3 October 1876 – 18 August 1930), usually cited as G. L. C. Matthaei, was an English plant physiologist and economic botanist who advocated organic farming.
See Photosynthesis and Gabrielle Howard
Gas
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.
Gas exchange
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface. Photosynthesis and gas exchange are biological processes.
See Photosynthesis and Gas exchange
Gemmatimonadota
The Gemmatimonadota are a phylum of bacteria established in 2003.
See Photosynthesis and Gemmatimonadota
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Photosynthesis and Gene expression
Geology
Geology is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
See Photosynthesis and Geology
Glaucophyte
The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of unicellular algae found in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments, less common today than they were during the Proterozoic.
See Photosynthesis and Glaucophyte
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.
See Photosynthesis and Glucose
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms.
See Photosynthesis and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glycogen
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Glycogen
Gottlieb Haberlandt
Gottlieb Haberlandt (28 November 1854 – 30 January 1945) was an Austrian botanist.
See Photosynthesis and Gottlieb Haberlandt
Great Oxidation Event
The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) or Great Oxygenation Event, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Revolution, Oxygen Crisis or Oxygen Holocaust, was a time interval during the Earth's Paleoproterozoic era when the Earth's atmosphere and shallow seas first experienced a rise in the concentration of free oxygen.
See Photosynthesis and Great Oxidation Event
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Photosynthesis and Greek language
Green algae
The green algae (green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta.
See Photosynthesis and Green algae
Green sulfur bacteria
The green sulfur bacteria are a phylum, Chlorobiota, of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria that metabolize sulfur.
See Photosynthesis and Green sulfur bacteria
Haloarchaea
Haloarchaea (halophilic archaea, halophilic archaebacteria, halobacteria) are a class of prokaryotic organisms under the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt.
See Photosynthesis and Haloarchaea
Halobacterium
Halobacterium (common abbreviation Hbt.) is a genus in the family Halobacteriaceae.
See Photosynthesis and Halobacterium
Haptista
Haptista is a proposed group of protists made up of centrohelids and haptophytes.
See Photosynthesis and Haptista
Haptophyte
The haptophytes, classified either as the Haptophyta, Haptophytina or Prymnesiophyta (named for Prymnesium), are a clade of algae.
See Photosynthesis and Haptophyte
Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is the thermal energy transferred between systems due to a temperature difference.
Heliobacteria
Heliobacteria are a unique subset of prokaryotic bacteria that process light for energy.
See Photosynthesis and Heliobacteria
Heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
See Photosynthesis and Heterotroph
Hexose
In chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with six carbon atoms.
Hill reaction
The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents (non-physiological oxidants) in a direction against the chemical potential gradient as part of photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Hill reaction
History of life
The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day.
See Photosynthesis and History of life
Hornwort
Hornworts are a group of non-vascular Embryophytes (land plants) constituting the division Anthocerotophyta.
See Photosynthesis and Hornwort
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.
See Photosynthesis and Hydrogen
Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses an electron.
See Photosynthesis and Hydrogen ion
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
See Photosynthesis and Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula.
See Photosynthesis and Hydrogen sulfide
Hydron (chemistry)
In chemistry, the hydron, informally called proton, is the cationic form of atomic hydrogen, represented with the symbol.
See Photosynthesis and Hydron (chemistry)
Hygrometer
A hair tension dial hygrometer with a nonlinear scale. A hygrometer is an instrument which measures the humidity of air or some other gas: that is, how much water vapor it contains.
See Photosynthesis and Hygrometer
Hypothesis
A hypothesis (hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
See Photosynthesis and Hypothesis
Infrared
Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves.
See Photosynthesis and Infrared
Infrared gas analyzer
An infrared gas analyzer measures trace gases by determining the absorption of an emitted infrared light source through a certain air sample.
See Photosynthesis and Infrared gas analyzer
Iron
Iron is a chemical element.
Irradiance
In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area.
See Photosynthesis and Irradiance
James Bassham
James Alan Bassham (November 26, 1922 – November 19, 2012) was an American scientist known for his work on photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and James Bassham
Jan Anderson (scientist)
Joan Mary "Jan" Anderson FAA FRS (13 May 1932 – 28 August 2015) was a New Zealand scientist who worked in Canberra, Australia, distinguished by her investigation of photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Jan Anderson (scientist)
Jan Baptist van Helmont
Jan Baptist van Helmont (12 January 1580 – 30 December 1644) was a chemist, physiologist, and physician from Brussels.
See Photosynthesis and Jan Baptist van Helmont
Jan Ingenhousz
Jan Ingenhousz FRS (8 December 1730 – 7 September 1799) was a Dutch-British physiologist, biologist and chemist.
See Photosynthesis and Jan Ingenhousz
Jar
A jar is a rigid, cylindrical or slightly conical container, typically made of glass, ceramic, or plastic, with a wide mouth or opening that can be closed with a lid, screw cap, lug cap, cork stopper, roll-on cap, crimp-on cap, press-on cap, plastic shrink, heat sealed lidding film, an inner seal, a tamper-evident band, or other suitable means.
Jean Senebier
Jean Senebier (25 May 1742 – 22 July 1809) was a Genevan Calvinist pastor and naturalist.
See Photosynthesis and Jean Senebier
Joseph Priestley
Joseph Priestley (24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, Unitarian, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, liberal political theorist.
See Photosynthesis and Joseph Priestley
Journal of Experimental Botany
The Journal of Experimental Botany (JXB) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
See Photosynthesis and Journal of Experimental Botany
Kleptoplasty
Kleptoplasty or kleptoplastidy is a process in symbiotic relationships whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host.
See Photosynthesis and Kleptoplasty
Laboratory
A laboratory (colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.
See Photosynthesis and Laboratory
Leaf
A leaf (leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis and leaf are plant physiology.
Lexico
Lexico was a dictionary website that provided a collection of English and Spanish dictionaries produced by Oxford University Press (OUP), the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
Light
Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.
Light-dependent reactions
Light-dependent reactions are certain photochemical reactions involved in photosynthesis, the main process by which plants acquire energy.
See Photosynthesis and Light-dependent reactions
Light-harvesting complex
A light-harvesting complex consists of a number of chromophores which are complex subunit proteins that may be part of a larger super complex of a photosystem, the functional unit in photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Light-harvesting complex
Limiting factor
A limiting factor is a variable of a system that causes a noticeable change in output or another measure of a type of system.
See Photosynthesis and Limiting factor
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
Lumen (anatomy)
In biology, a lumen (lumina) is the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine.
See Photosynthesis and Lumen (anatomy)
Maize
Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.
Malic acid
Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula. Photosynthesis and Malic acid are cellular respiration.
See Photosynthesis and Malic acid
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
See Photosynthesis and Manganese
Marine ecosystem
Marine ecosystems are the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems and exist in waters that have a high salt content. Photosynthesis and Marine ecosystem are ecosystems.
See Photosynthesis and Marine ecosystem
Martin Kamen
Martin David Kamen (August 27, 1913, Toronto – August 31, 2002, Montecito, California) was an American chemist who, together with Sam Ruben, co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 on February 27, 1940, at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley.
See Photosynthesis and Martin Kamen
Mass
Mass is an intrinsic property of a body.
Mass production
Mass production, also known as flow production, series production, series manufacture, or continuous production, is the production of substantial amounts of standardized products in a constant flow, including and especially on assembly lines.
See Photosynthesis and Mass production
McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.
See Photosynthesis and McGraw Hill Education
Measurement
Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events.
See Photosynthesis and Measurement
Melvin Calvin
Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 – January 8, 1997) was an American biochemist known for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
See Photosynthesis and Melvin Calvin
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.
See Photosynthesis and Mesozoic
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
See Photosynthesis and Metabolism
Methodology
In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods.
See Photosynthesis and Methodology
Microbial rhodopsin
Microbial rhodopsins, also known as bacterial rhodopsins, are retinal-binding proteins that provide light-dependent ion transport and sensory functions in halophilic and other bacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Microbial rhodopsin
Microsecond
A microsecond is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one millionth (0.000001 or 10−6 or) of a second.
See Photosynthesis and Microsecond
Millet
Millets are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food.
Millisecond
A millisecond (from milli- and second; symbol: ms) is a unit of time in the International System of Units equal to one thousandth (0.001 or 10−3 or 1/1000) of a second or 1000 microseconds.
See Photosynthesis and Millisecond
Minister (Christianity)
In Christianity, a minister is a person authorised by a church or other religious organization to perform functions such as teaching of beliefs; leading services such as weddings, baptisms or funerals; or otherwise providing spiritual guidance to the community.
See Photosynthesis and Minister (Christianity)
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Photosynthesis and mitochondrion are cellular respiration.
See Photosynthesis and Mitochondrion
Mixotroph
A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon, instead of having a single trophic mode on the continuum from complete autotrophy at one end to heterotrophy at the other.
See Photosynthesis and Mixotroph
Molecular diffusion
Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.
See Photosynthesis and Molecular diffusion
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
See Photosynthesis and Molecule
Mollusca
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks.
See Photosynthesis and Mollusca
Monocotyledon
Monocotyledons, commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae sensu Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon.
See Photosynthesis and Monocotyledon
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.
See Photosynthesis and Monosaccharide
Mouse
A mouse (mice) is a small rodent.
Multicellular organism
A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.
See Photosynthesis and Multicellular organism
Myzozoa
Myzozoa is a grouping of specific phyla within Alveolata, that either feed through myzocytosis, or were ancestrally capable of feeding through myzocytosis.
See Photosynthesis and Myzozoa
Nanosecond
A nanosecond (ns) is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one billionth of a second, that is, of a second, or 10 seconds.
See Photosynthesis and Nanosecond
Natural history
Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study.
See Photosynthesis and Natural history
Neutralization (chemistry)
In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react with an equivalent quantity of each other.
See Photosynthesis and Neutralization (chemistry)
Nicolas Théodore de Saussure
Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (14 October 1767 – 18 April 1845) was a Swiss chemist and student of plant physiology who made seminal advances in phytochemistry.
See Photosynthesis and Nicolas Théodore de Saussure
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source').
See Photosynthesis and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen is converted into ammonia. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen fixation are metabolism and plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Nitrogen fixation
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died.
See Photosynthesis and Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.
See Photosynthesis and Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Nuclear DNA
Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism.
See Photosynthesis and Nuclear DNA
Nucleomorph
Nucleomorphs are small, vestigial eukaryotic nuclei found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids. Photosynthesis and Nucleomorph are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Nucleomorph
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
See Photosynthesis and Nutrient
Ochrophyte
Ochrophytes, also known as heterokontophytes or stramenochromes, are a group of algae.
See Photosynthesis and Ochrophyte
Online Etymology Dictionary
The Online Etymology Dictionary or Etymonline, sometimes abbreviated as OED (not to be confused with the Oxford English Dictionary, which the site often cites), is a free online dictionary that describes the origins of English words, written and compiled by Douglas R. Harper.
See Photosynthesis and Online Etymology Dictionary
Orders of magnitude (mass)
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−67 kg and 1052 kg.
See Photosynthesis and Orders of magnitude (mass)
Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function.
See Photosynthesis and Organelle
Organic acid
An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties.
See Photosynthesis and Organic acid
Organic compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.
See Photosynthesis and Organic compound
Organic photochemistry
Organic photochemistry encompasses organic reactions that are induced by the action of light.
See Photosynthesis and Organic photochemistry
Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds.
See Photosynthesis and Organic reaction
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
See Photosynthesis and Organism
Otto Heinrich Warburg
Otto Heinrich Warburg (8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970), son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor, and Nobel laureate.
See Photosynthesis and Otto Heinrich Warburg
Otto Kandler
Otto Kandler (23 October 1920 in Deggendorf – 29 August 2017 in Munich, Bavaria) was a German botanist and microbiologist.
See Photosynthesis and Otto Kandler
Oxalate
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula formula.
See Photosynthesis and Oxalate
Oxalate oxidase
In enzymology, an oxalate oxidase is an oxalate degrading enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: The 3 substrates of this enzyme are oxalate, O2, and H+, whereas its two products are CO2 and H2O2.
See Photosynthesis and Oxalate oxidase
Oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid or OAA) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO2CC(O)CH2CO2H.
See Photosynthesis and Oxaloacetic acid
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
Oxygen cycle
Oxygen cycle refers to the movement of oxygen through the atmosphere (air), biosphere (plants and animals) and the lithosphere (the Earth’s crust).
See Photosynthesis and Oxygen cycle
Oxygen evolution
Oxygen evolution is the process of generating molecular oxygen (O2) by a chemical reaction, usually from water.
See Photosynthesis and Oxygen evolution
Oxygen-evolving complex
The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), also known as the water-splitting complex, is a water-oxidizing enzyme involved in the photo-oxidation of water during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Oxygen-evolving complex
Oxygenase
An oxygenase is any enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring the oxygen from molecular oxygen O2 (as in air) to it.
See Photosynthesis and Oxygenase
P680
P680, or photosystem II primary donor, is the reaction-center chlorophyll ''a'' molecular dimer associated with photosystem II in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, and central to oxygenic photosynthesis.
P700
P700, or photosystem I primary donor, is a molecular dimer of chlorophyll ''a'' associated with the reaction-center of photosystem I in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
Paleoarchean
The Paleoarchean, also spelled Palaeoarchaean (formerly known as the early Archean), is a geologic era within the Archean Eon.
See Photosynthesis and Paleoarchean
Paleoproterozoic
The Paleoproterozoic Era (also spelled Palaeoproterozoic) is the first of the three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic eon, and also the longest era of the Earth's geological history, spanning from (2.5–1.6 Ga).
See Photosynthesis and Paleoproterozoic
Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.
See Photosynthesis and Parts-per notation
Pastor
A pastor (abbreviated to "Pr" or "Ptr" (both singular), or "Ps" (plural)) is the leader of a Christian congregation who also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation.
Paulinella
Paulinella is a genus of at least eleven species including both freshwater and marine amoeboids.
See Photosynthesis and Paulinella
Pearson Education
Pearson Education, known since 2011 as simply Pearson, is the educational publishing and services subsidiary of the international corporation Pearson plc.
See Photosynthesis and Pearson Education
Pentose
In chemistry, a pentose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with five carbon atoms.
See Photosynthesis and Pentose
Peripheral membrane protein
Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated.
See Photosynthesis and Peripheral membrane protein
Perseus Digital Library
The Perseus Digital Library, formerly known as the Perseus Project, is a free-access digital library founded by Gregory Crane in 1987 and hosted by the Department of Classical Studies of Tufts University.
See Photosynthesis and Perseus Digital Library
Phenomenon
A phenomenon (phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event.
See Photosynthesis and Phenomenon
Pheophytin
* Pheophytin or phaeophytin is a chemical compound that serves as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of Photosystem II (PS II) in plants, and the type II photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Pheophytin
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
See Photosynthesis and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Phloem
Phloem is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the plant. Photosynthesis and Phloem are plant physiology.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (also known as PEP carboxylase, PEPCase, or PEPC;, PDB ID: 3ZGE) is an enzyme in the family of carboxy-lyases found in plants and some bacteria that catalyzes the addition of bicarbonate (HCO3−) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate: This reaction is used for carbon fixation in CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) and C4 organisms, as well as to regulate flux through the citric acid cycle (also known as Krebs or TCA cycle) in bacteria and plants.
See Photosynthesis and Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the carboxylic acid derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate.
See Photosynthesis and Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Photoautotrophism
Photoautotrophs are organisms that can utilize light energy from sunlight and elements (such as carbon) from inorganic compounds to produce organic materials needed to sustain their own metabolism (i.e. autotrophy).
See Photosynthesis and Photoautotrophism
Photobiology
Photobiology is the scientific study of the beneficial and harmful interactions of light (technically, non-ionizing radiation) in living organisms.
See Photosynthesis and Photobiology
Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light.
See Photosynthesis and Photochemistry
Photodissociation
Photodissociation, photolysis, photodecomposition, or photofragmentation is a chemical reaction in which molecules of a chemical compound are broken down by absorption of light or photons.
See Photosynthesis and Photodissociation
Photoheterotroph
Photoheterotrophs (Gk: photo.
See Photosynthesis and Photoheterotroph
Photoinduced charge separation
Photoinduced charge separation is the process of an electron in an atom or molecule, being excited to a higher energy level by the absorption of a photon and then leaving the atom or molecule to free space, or to a nearby electron acceptor.
See Photosynthesis and Photoinduced charge separation
Photoinhibition
Photoinhibition is light-induced reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of a plant, alga, or cyanobacterium.
See Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition
Photon
A photon is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.
Photophosphorylation
In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
See Photosynthesis and Photophosphorylation
Photopigment
Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light.
See Photosynthesis and Photopigment
Photorespiration
Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle or C2 cycle) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis. Photosynthesis and Photorespiration are metabolism and plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Photorespiration
Photosynthesis Research
Photosynthesis Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering various aspects of photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Photosynthesis Research
Photosynthesis system
Photosynthesis systems are electronic scientific instruments designed for non-destructive measurement of photosynthetic rates in the field. Photosynthesis and Photosynthesis system are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Photosynthesis system
Photosynthetic capacity
Photosynthetic capacity (Amax) is a measure of the maximum rate at which leaves are able to fix carbon during photosynthesis. Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic capacity are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic capacity
Photosynthetic efficiency
The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in green plants and algae.
See Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic efficiency
Photosynthetic pigment
A photosynthetic pigment (accessory pigment; chloroplast pigment; antenna pigment) is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic pigment
Photosynthetic reaction centre
A photosynthetic reaction center is a complex of several proteins, pigments, and other co-factors that together execute the primary energy conversion reactions of photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic reaction centre
Photosynthetic reaction centre protein family
Photosynthetic reaction centre proteins are main protein components of photosynthetic reaction centres (RCs) of bacteria and plants.
See Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic reaction centre protein family
Photosynthetically active radiation
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Photosynthetically active radiation
Photosystem
Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Photosystem
Photosystem I
Photosystem I (PSI, or plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase) is one of two photosystems in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and cyanobacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Photosystem I
Photosystem II
Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Photosystem II
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.
See Photosynthesis and Photovoltaics
Phycobilisome
Phycobilisomes are light-harvesting antennae that transmit the energy of harvested photons to photosystem II and photosystem I in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae and glaucophytes.
See Photosynthesis and Phycobilisome
Phycocyanin
Phycocyanin is a pigment-protein complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, along with allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin.
See Photosynthesis and Phycocyanin
Phycoerythrin
Phycoerythrin (PE) is a red protein-pigment complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, present in cyanobacteria, red algae and cryptophytes, accessory to the main chlorophyll pigments responsible for photosynthesis.The red pigment is due to the prosthetic group, phycoerythrobilin, which gives phycoerythrin its red color.
See Photosynthesis and Phycoerythrin
Picosecond
A picosecond (abbreviated as ps) is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to 10−12 or (one trillionth) of a second.
See Photosynthesis and Picosecond
Pigment
A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance.
See Photosynthesis and Pigment
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
Plant cell
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
See Photosynthesis and Plant cell
Plant cuticle
A plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the outermost skin layer (epidermis) of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs (aerial here meaning all plant parts not embedded in soil or other substrate) that have no periderm. Photosynthesis and plant cuticle are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Plant cuticle
Plant development
Important structures in plant development are buds, shoots, roots, leaves, and flowers; plants produce these tissues and structures throughout their life from meristems located at the tips of organs, or between mature tissues. Photosynthesis and plant development are botany.
See Photosynthesis and Plant development
Plant stress measurement
Plant stress measurement is the quantification of environmental effects on plant health. Photosynthesis and plant stress measurement are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Plant stress measurement
Plastid
A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. Photosynthesis and plastid are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Plastid
Plastocyanin
Plastocyanin is a copper-containing protein that mediates electron-transfer.
See Photosynthesis and Plastocyanin
Porphyrin
Porphyrins are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (. Photosynthesis and Porphyrin are metabolism.
See Photosynthesis and Porphyrin
Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound. Photosynthesis and precursor (chemistry) are metabolism.
See Photosynthesis and Precursor (chemistry)
Prentice Hall
Prentice Hall was a major American educational publisher.
See Photosynthesis and Prentice Hall
Primary production
In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.
See Photosynthesis and Primary production
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See Photosynthesis and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Product (chemistry)
Products are the species formed from chemical reactions.
See Photosynthesis and Product (chemistry)
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
See Photosynthesis and Prokaryote
Properties of water
Water is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue. It is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the "universal solvent" and the "solvent of life". It is the most abundant substance on the surface of Earth and the only common substance to exist as a solid, liquid, and gas on Earth's surface.
See Photosynthesis and Properties of water
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
See Photosynthesis and Protein
Protein filament
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella.
See Photosynthesis and Protein filament
Proterozoic
The Proterozoic is the third of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8Mya, the longest eon of the Earth's geologic time scale.
See Photosynthesis and Proterozoic
Proton
A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol, H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).
Proton pump
A proton pump is an integral membrane protein pump that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane.
See Photosynthesis and Proton pump
Pseudoblepharisma
Pseudoblepharisma is a genus of heterotrich ciliates inhabiting oxygen depleted freshwater habitats.
See Photosynthesis and Pseudoblepharisma
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Pseudomonadota
Purple bacteria
Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are Gram-negative proteobacteria that are phototrophic, capable of producing their own food via photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Purple bacteria
Purple Earth hypothesis
The Purple Earth Hypothesis (PEH) is an astrobiological hypothesis, first proposed by molecular biologist Shiladitya DasSarma in 2007, that the earliest photosynthetic life forms of Early Earth were based on the simpler molecule retinal rather than the more complex porphyrin-based chlorophyll, making the surface biosphere appear purplish rather than its current greenish color.
See Photosynthesis and Purple Earth hypothesis
Purple sulfur bacteria
The purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) are part of a group of Pseudomonadota capable of photosynthesis, collectively referred to as purple bacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Purple sulfur bacteria
Pyrenoid
Pyrenoids are sub-cellular micro-compartments found in chloroplasts of many algae,Giordano, M., Beardall, J., & Raven, J. A. (2005).
See Photosynthesis and Pyrenoid
Quantasome
Quantasomes are particles found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place.
See Photosynthesis and Quantasome
Quantum biology
Quantum biology is the study of applications of quantum mechanics and theoretical chemistry to aspects of biology that cannot be accurately described by the classical laws of physics.
See Photosynthesis and Quantum biology
Quantum efficiency
The term quantum efficiency (QE) may apply to incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) ratio of a photosensitive device, or it may refer to the TMR effect of a magnetic tunnel junction.
See Photosynthesis and Quantum efficiency
Quantum walk
Quantum walks are quantum analogs of classical random walks.
See Photosynthesis and Quantum walk
Quasiparticle
In condensed matter physics, a quasiparticle is a concept used to describe a collective behavior of a group of particles that can be treated as if they were a single particle.
See Photosynthesis and Quasiparticle
Quinone
The quinones are a class of organic compounds that are formally "derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of –CH.
See Photosynthesis and Quinone
Radiant energy
In physics, and in particular as measured by radiometry, radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation.
See Photosynthesis and Radiant energy
Radionuclide
A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons, giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable.
See Photosynthesis and Radionuclide
Radiosynthesis is the theorized capture and metabolism, by living organisms, of energy from ionizing radiation, analogously to photosynthesis. Photosynthesis and Radiosynthesis (metabolism) are metabolism.
See Photosynthesis and Radiosynthesis (metabolism)
Red algae
Red algae, or Rhodophyta, make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
See Photosynthesis and Red algae
Red edge
Red edge refers to the region of rapid change in reflectance of vegetation in the near infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
See Photosynthesis and Red edge
Redox
Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.
Reducing agent
In chemistry, a reducing agent (also known as a reductant, reducer, or electron donor) is a chemical species that "donates" an electron to an (called the,,, or). Examples of substances that are common reducing agents include hydrogen, the alkali metals, formic acid, oxalic acid, and sulfite compounds.
See Photosynthesis and Reducing agent
Reducing atmosphere
A reducing atmosphere is an atmospheric condition in which oxidation is prevented by absence of oxygen and other oxidizing gases or vapours, and which may contain actively reductant gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide that would be readily oxidized to remove any free oxygen.
See Photosynthesis and Reducing atmosphere
Relative change
In any quantitative science, the terms relative change and relative difference are used to compare two quantities while taking into account the "sizes" of the things being compared, i.e. dividing by a standard or reference or starting value.
See Photosynthesis and Relative change
Research
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge".
See Photosynthesis and Research
Retinal
Retinal (also known as retinaldehyde) is a polyene chromophore.
See Photosynthesis and Retinal
Reverse Krebs cycle
The reverse Krebs cycle (also known as the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, the reverse TCA cycle, or the reverse citric acid cycle, or the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, or the reductive TCA cycle) is a sequence of chemical reactions that are used by some bacteria to produce carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by the use of energy-rich reducing agents as electron donors.
See Photosynthesis and Reverse Krebs cycle
Rhizaria
The Rhizaria are a diverse and species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes.
See Photosynthesis and Rhizaria
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation).
See Photosynthesis and Ribosome
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is an organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis, notably as the principal CO2 acceptor in plants.
See Photosynthesis and Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
Robert Emerson (scientist)
Robert Emerson (November 4, 1903 – February 4, 1959) was an American scientist noted for his discovery that plants have two distinct photosynthetic reaction centres.
See Photosynthesis and Robert Emerson (scientist)
Robin Hill (biochemist)
Robert Hill FRS (2 April 1899 – 15 March 1991), known as Robin Hill, was a British plant biochemist who, in 1939, demonstrated the 'Hill reaction' of photosynthesis, proving that oxygen is evolved during the light requiring steps of photosynthesis.
See Photosynthesis and Robin Hill (biochemist)
RuBisCO
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme involved in the light-independent (or "dark") part of photosynthesis, including the carbon fixation by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants and other photosynthetic organisms to energy-rich molecules such as glucose.
See Photosynthesis and RuBisCO
Rudolph A. Marcus
Rudolph Arthur Marcus (born July 21, 1923) is a Canadian-born American chemist who received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems".
See Photosynthesis and Rudolph A. Marcus
Sam Ruben
Samuel Ruben (born Charles Rubenstein; November 5, 1913 – September 28, 1943) was an American chemist who with Martin Kamen co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 in 1940.
See Photosynthesis and Sam Ruben
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
See Photosynthesis and Science (journal)
Scientific demonstration
A scientific demonstration is a procedure carried out for the purposes of demonstrating scientific principles, rather than for hypothesis testing or knowledge gathering (although they may originally have been carried out for these purposes).
See Photosynthesis and Scientific demonstration
Scientist
A scientist is a person who researches to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences.
See Photosynthesis and Scientist
Sea anemone
Sea anemones are a group of predatory marine invertebrates constituting the order Actiniaria.
See Photosynthesis and Sea anemone
Second
The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60.
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.
See Photosynthesis and Sedimentary rock
Sinauer Associates
Sinauer Associates, Inc. is a publisher of college-level textbooks.
See Photosynthesis and Sinauer Associates
Skeletal formula
The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of its molecular geometry.
See Photosynthesis and Skeletal formula
Slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc.
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.
Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the grass genus Sorghum cultivated for its grain.
See Photosynthesis and Sorghum
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
See Photosynthesis and Species
Sponge
Sponges (also known as sea sponges), the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts.
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
See Photosynthesis and Springer Science+Business Media
Square metre
The square metre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or square meter (American spelling) is the unit of area in the International System of Units (SI) with symbol m2.
See Photosynthesis and Square metre
Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
Stoma
In botany, a stoma (stomata, from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), also called a stomate (stomates), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange between the internal air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere. Photosynthesis and stoma are plant physiology.
Stomatal conductance
Stomatal conductance, usually measured in mmol m−2 s−1 by a porometer, estimates the rate of gas exchange (i.e., carbon dioxide uptake) and transpiration (i.e., water loss as water vapor) through the leaf stomata as determined by the degree of stomatal aperture (and therefore the physical resistances to the movement of gases between the air and the interior of the leaf). Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Stomatal conductance
Stramenopile
The Stramenopiles, also called Heterokonts, are a clade of organisms distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs.
See Photosynthesis and Stramenopile
Stress (biology)
Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition.
See Photosynthesis and Stress (biology)
Stroma (fluid)
Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast.
See Photosynthesis and Stroma (fluid)
Succulent plant
In botany, succulent plants, also known as succulents, are plants with parts that are thickened, fleshy, and engorged, usually to retain water in arid climates or soil conditions.
See Photosynthesis and Succulent plant
Sucrose
Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits.
See Photosynthesis and Sucrose
Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
Sugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, perennial grass (in the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production.
See Photosynthesis and Sugarcane
Sulfur
Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16.
Sunlight
Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.
See Photosynthesis and Sunlight
Surface area
The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies.
See Photosynthesis and Surface area
Symbiogenesis
Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.
See Photosynthesis and Symbiogenesis
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
See Photosynthesis and Symbiosis
Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.
See Photosynthesis and Temperature
Thermophile
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between.
See Photosynthesis and Thermophile
Thylakoid
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.
See Photosynthesis and Thylakoid
Ton
Ton is any of several units of measure of mass, volume or force.
Transpiration
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Photosynthesis and Transpiration are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Transpiration
Trends (journals)
Trends is a series of 16 review journals in a range of areas of biology and chemistry published under its Cell Press imprint by Elsevier.
See Photosynthesis and Trends (journals)
Triose
A triose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar, containing three carbon atoms.
Tyrosine
-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.
See Photosynthesis and Tyrosine
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
See Photosynthesis and Ultraviolet
Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.
See Photosynthesis and Unicellular organism
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California.
See Photosynthesis and University of California, Berkeley
Vascular bundle
A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants. Photosynthesis and vascular bundle are plant physiology.
See Photosynthesis and Vascular bundle
Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
See Photosynthesis and Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
Viridiplantae
Viridiplantae (literally "green plants") constitute a clade of eukaryotic organisms that comprises approximately 450,000–500,000 species that play important roles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
See Photosynthesis and Viridiplantae
Visible spectrum
The visible spectrum is the band of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
See Photosynthesis and Visible spectrum
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and for many other biological effects.
See Photosynthesis and Vitamin D
Volume
Volume is a measure of regions in three-dimensional space.
W. H. Freeman and Company
W.
See Photosynthesis and W. H. Freeman and Company
Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
Water scarcity
Water scarcity (closely related to water stress or water crisis) is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand.
See Photosynthesis and Water scarcity
Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3.
Wavelength
In physics and mathematics, wavelength or spatial period of a wave or periodic function is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
See Photosynthesis and Wavelength
Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.
Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
See Photosynthesis and Wiley (publisher)
World energy supply and consumption
World energy supply and consumption refers to the global supply of energy resources and its consumption.
See Photosynthesis and World energy supply and consumption
Xanthophyll
Xanthophylls (originally phylloxanthins) are yellow pigments that occur widely in nature and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes.
See Photosynthesis and Xanthophyll
Xerophyte
A xerophyte (from Greek ξηρός xeros 'dry' + φυτόν phuton 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water.
See Photosynthesis and Xerophyte
Yield (chemistry)
In chemistry, yield, also known as reaction yield or chemical yield, refers to the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction.
See Photosynthesis and Yield (chemistry)
3-Phosphoglyceric acid
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG, 3-PGA, or PGA) is the conjugate acid of 3-phosphoglycerate or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P).
See Photosynthesis and 3-Phosphoglyceric acid
See also
Plant nutrition
- Akadama
- Autotroph
- Cluster root
- Fertigation
- Fertilizers
- Humin
- Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives
- Mycotroph
- Nutrient resorption
- Photosynthesis
- Plant nutrients in soil
- Plant nutrition
- Rhizobiaceae
- Soil fertility
- Soil pH
- Soil texture
- Substrate (biology)
- Watering can
Quantum biology
- Alexander Davydov
- Basics of blue flower colouration
- Basics of white flower colouration
- Davydov soliton
- Jim Al-Khalili
- Johnjoe McFadden
- Luca Turin
- Magnetoreception
- Nigel Scrutton
- Orchestrated objective reduction
- Photosynthesis
- Quantum Aspects of Life
- Quantum biology
- Seth Lloyd
- Vibration theory of olfaction
- What Is Life?
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis
Also known as Evolutionary origin of photosynthesis, History of C3 : C4 photosynthesis research, Net photosynthesis, Oxygen synthesis, Oxygenic photosynthesis, Photosintesis, Photosinthesis, Photosymthesis, Photosyntesis, Photosynthasis, Photosynthate, Photosyntheis, Photosynthese, Photosynthesis and Respiration, Photosynthesis equation, Photosynthesise, Photosynthesising, Photosynthesize, Photosynthesizing, Photosynthetic, Photosynthetic reactions, Photosynthisis, Photosythesize, Reverse photosynthesis.
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