Phototaxis, the Glossary
Phototaxis is a kind of taxis, or locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves towards or away from a stimulus of light.[1]
Table of Contents
99 relations: Adenylyl cyclase, Amoebozoa, Anabaena, Anatomical terms of location, Animal locomotion, Archaea, Bacteria, Bacteriorhodopsin, Bikont, Biliverdin, C-terminus, Carotenoid, Cell division, Cell signaling, Channelrhodopsin, Chemotaxis, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chloroplast, Chloroplast membrane, Chromista, Chromophore, Ciliate, Cyanobacterial morphology, Depth gauge, Drosophila melanogaster, Escherichia coli, Euglena, Eukaryote, Excavata, Fear of the dark, Flagellum, Fly, G protein, G protein-coupled receptor, Glaucophyte, Grasshopper, Gravitaxis, Green algae, Haloarchaea, Halobacterium salinarum, Halophile, Helix, Heterocyst, Histidine kinase, Homogeneity and heterogeneity, Horizontal gene transfer, Hormogonium, Insect, Instar, Ion channel, ... Expand index (49 more) »
- Taxes (biology)
Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming).
See Phototaxis and Adenylyl cyclase
Amoebozoa
Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae.
Anabaena
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton.
Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans.
See Phototaxis and Anatomical terms of location
Animal locomotion
In ethology, animal locomotion is any of a variety of methods that animals use to move from one place to another.
See Phototaxis and Animal locomotion
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms. Phototaxis and Archaea are biology terminology.
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. Phototaxis and Bacteria are biology terminology.
Bacteriorhodopsin
Bacteriorhodopsin (Bop) is a protein used by Archaea, most notably by haloarchaea, a class of the Euryarchaeota.
See Phototaxis and Bacteriorhodopsin
Bikont
A bikont ("two flagella") is any of the eukaryotic organisms classified in the group Bikonta.
Biliverdin
Biliverdin (from the Latin for green bile) is a green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, and is a product of heme catabolism.
C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
Carotenoid
Carotenoids are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi.
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
See Phototaxis and Cell division
Cell signaling
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment.
See Phototaxis and Cell signaling
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels.
See Phototaxis and Channelrhodopsin
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus. Phototaxis and Chemotaxis are Taxes (biology).
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a single-cell green alga about 10 micrometres in diameter that swims with two flagella.
See Phototaxis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chloroplast
A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.
See Phototaxis and Chloroplast
Chloroplast membrane
Chloroplasts contain several important membranes, vital for their function.
See Phototaxis and Chloroplast membrane
Chromista
Chromista is a proposed but polyphyletic biological kingdom, refined from the Chromalveolata, consisting of single-celled and multicellular eukaryotic species that share similar features in their photosynthetic organelles (plastids).
Chromophore
A chromophore is a molecule which absorbs light at a particular wavelength and emits color as a result.
See Phototaxis and Chromophore
Ciliate
The ciliates are a group of alveolates characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella.
Cyanobacterial morphology
Cyanobacterial morphology refers to the form or shape of cyanobacteria.
See Phototaxis and Cyanobacterial morphology
Depth gauge
A depth gauge is an instrument for measuring depth below a vertical reference surface.
See Phototaxis and Depth gauge
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (an insect of the order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.
See Phototaxis and Drosophila melanogaster
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Phototaxis and Escherichia coli
Euglena
Euglena is a genus of single cell flagellate eukaryotes.
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. Phototaxis and eukaryote are biology terminology.
Excavata
Excavata is an extensive and diverse but paraphyletic group of unicellular Eukaryota.
Fear of the dark
Fear of the dark is a common fear or phobia among children and, to a varying degree, adults.
See Phototaxis and Fear of the dark
Flagellum
A flagellum (flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility.
Fly
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- di- "two", and πτερόν pteron "wing".
G protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses.
See Phototaxis and G protein-coupled receptor
Glaucophyte
The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of unicellular algae found in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments, less common today than they were during the Proterozoic.
See Phototaxis and Glaucophyte
Grasshopper
Grasshoppers are a group of insects belonging to the suborder Caelifera.
See Phototaxis and Grasshopper
Gravitaxis
Gravitaxis (or geotaxis) is a form of taxis characterized by the directional movement of an organism in response to gravity. Phototaxis and Gravitaxis are Taxes (biology).
Green algae
The green algae (green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta.
See Phototaxis and Green algae
Haloarchaea
Haloarchaea (halophilic archaea, halophilic archaebacteria, halobacteria) are a class of prokaryotic organisms under the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt.
See Phototaxis and Haloarchaea
Halobacterium salinarum
Halobacterium salinarum, formerly known as Halobacterium cutirubrum or Halobacterium halobium, is an extremely halophilic marine obligate aerobic archaeon.
See Phototaxis and Halobacterium salinarum
Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations.
Helix
A helix is a shape like a cylindrical coil spring or the thread of a machine screw.
Heterocyst
Heterocysts or heterocytes are specialized nitrogen-fixing cells formed during nitrogen starvation by some filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Nostoc, Cylindrospermum, and Anabaena.
Histidine kinase
Histidine kinases (HK) are multifunctional, and in non-animal kingdoms, typically transmembrane, proteins of the transferase class of enzymes that play a role in signal transduction across the cellular membrane.
See Phototaxis and Histidine kinase
Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image.
See Phototaxis and Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction).
See Phototaxis and Horizontal gene transfer
Hormogonium
Hormogonia are motile filaments of cells formed by some cyanobacteria in the order Nostocales and Stigonematales.
See Phototaxis and Hormogonium
Insect
Insects (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta.
Instar
An instar (from the Latin īnstar 'form, likeness') is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, which occurs between each moult (ecdysis) until sexual maturity is reached.
Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.
See Phototaxis and Ion channel
Isomerization
In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure.
See Phototaxis and Isomerization
Jellyfish
Jellyfish, also known as sea jellies, are the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, which is a major part of the phylum Cnidaria.
Larva
A larva (larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage.
Light
Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
Mealworm
Mealworms are the larval form of the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a species of darkling beetle.
A metatrochophore is a type of larva developed from the trochophore larva of a polychaete annelid.
See Phototaxis and Metatrochophore
Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins
The methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP, also aspartate receptor) are a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate chemotactic response in certain enteric bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica enterica and Escherichia coli.
See Phototaxis and Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins
Moth
Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies.
N-terminus
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide.
Nereididae
Nereididae (formerly spelled Nereidae) are a family of polychaete worms.
Opisthokont
The opisthokonts are a broad group of eukaryotes, including both the animal and fungus kingdoms.
See Phototaxis and Opisthokont
Opsin
Animal opsins are G-protein-coupled receptors and a group of proteins made light-sensitive via a chromophore, typically retinal.
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
Photodetector
Photodetectors, also called photosensors, are sensors of light or other electromagnetic radiation.
See Phototaxis and Photodetector
Photokinesis
Photokinesis is a change in the velocity of movement of an organism as a result of changes in light intensity. Phototaxis and Photokinesis are biology terminology.
See Phototaxis and Photokinesis
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.
See Phototaxis and Photoreceptor cell
Photoreceptor protein
Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms.
See Phototaxis and Photoreceptor protein
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
See Phototaxis and Photosynthesis
Phototroph
Phototrophs are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates) and acquire energy. Phototaxis and Phototroph are biology terminology.
Phototropism
In biology, phototropism is the growth of an organism in response to a light stimulus. Phototaxis and phototropism are biology terminology.
See Phototaxis and Phototropism
Phytochrome
Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptor proteins found in plants, bacteria and fungi.
See Phototaxis and Phytochrome
Pigment
A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance.
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
Platynereis dumerilii
Platynereis dumerilii is a species of annelid polychaete worm.
See Phototaxis and Platynereis dumerilii
Polyorchis
Polyorchis, or bell jellies, is a genus of hydrozoans in the family Corynidae.
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Protein trimer
In biochemistry, a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids.
See Phototaxis and Protein trimer
Protist
A protist or protoctist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus.
Pupa
A pupa (pupae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages.
Purple bacteria
Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are Gram-negative proteobacteria that are phototrophic, capable of producing their own food via photosynthesis.
See Phototaxis and Purple bacteria
Red algae
Red algae, or Rhodophyta, make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
Retinal
Retinal (also known as retinaldehyde) is a polyene chromophore.
Rhizaria
The Rhizaria are a diverse and species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes.
Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin, also known as visual purple, is a protein encoded by the RHO gene and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
Serratia marcescens
Serratia marcescens is a species of rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae.
See Phototaxis and Serratia marcescens
Simple eye in invertebrates
A simple eye or ocellus (sometimes called a pigment pit) is a form of eye or an optical arrangement which has a single lens without the sort of elaborate retina that occurs in most vertebrates.
See Phototaxis and Simple eye in invertebrates
SRI (gene)
Sorcin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRI gene.
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment.
See Phototaxis and Stimulus (physiology)
Supernormal stimulus
A supernormal stimulus or superstimulus is an exaggerated version of a stimulus to which there is an existing response tendency, or any stimulus that elicits a response more strongly than the stimulus for which it evolved.
See Phototaxis and Supernormal stimulus
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
Synechococcus elongatus
Synechococcus elongatus is a unicellular cyanobacterium that has a rapid autotrophic growth comparable to yeast.
See Phototaxis and Synechococcus elongatus
Synechocystis
Synechocystis is a genus of unicellular, freshwater cyanobacteria in the family Merismopediaceae.
See Phototaxis and Synechocystis
Taxis
A taxis (taxes) is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus such as light or the presence of food. Phototaxis and taxis are Taxes (biology).
Tetrahymena
Tetrahymena is a genus of free-living ciliates, examples of unicellular eukaryotes.
See Phototaxis and Tetrahymena
Transverse orientation
Transverse orientation, keeping a fixed angle on a distant source of light for orientation, is a proprioceptive response displayed by some insects such as moths.
See Phototaxis and Transverse orientation
Trochophore
A trochophore is a type of free-swimming planktonic marine larva with several bands of cilia.
See Phototaxis and Trochophore
Zooxanthellae
Zooxanthellae (zooxanthella) is a colloquial term for single-celled dinoflagellates that are able to live in symbiosis with diverse marine invertebrates including demosponges, corals, jellyfish, and nudibranchs.
See Phototaxis and Zooxanthellae
See also
Taxes (biology)
- Aerotaxis
- Chemotactic drug-targeting
- Chemotaxis
- Durotaxis
- Electrotaxis
- Gravitaxis
- Magnetotaxis
- Phototaxis
- Rheotaxis
- Taxis
- Thermotaxis
- Thigmotaxis
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototaxis
Also known as Negative phototaxis, Phototactic, Positive phototaxis, Scotophobotaxis.
, Isomerization, Jellyfish, Larva, Light, Lipid, Mealworm, Metatrochophore, Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, Moth, N-terminus, Nereididae, Opisthokont, Opsin, Organism, Photodetector, Photokinesis, Photoreceptor cell, Photoreceptor protein, Photosynthesis, Phototroph, Phototropism, Phytochrome, Pigment, Plant, Platynereis dumerilii, Polyorchis, Predation, Prokaryote, Protein trimer, Protist, Pupa, Purple bacteria, Red algae, Retinal, Rhizaria, Rhodopsin, Serratia marcescens, Simple eye in invertebrates, SRI (gene), Stimulus (physiology), Supernormal stimulus, Symbiosis, Synechococcus elongatus, Synechocystis, Taxis, Tetrahymena, Transverse orientation, Trochophore, Zooxanthellae.