Phytoalexin, the Glossary
Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances, some of which are antioxidative as well.[1]
Table of Contents
71 relations: Abscisic acid, Aflatoxin, Alkaloid, Allixin, Annual Review of Phytopathology, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Apoptosis, Avenanthramide, Botrytis cinerea, Cell (biology), Cell wall, Colletotrichum, Danielone, Delta-Viniferin, Dihydroisocoumarin, Disease vector, DNA, Ethylene, Eucalyptus sideroxylon, Flavanone, Flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase, Garlic, Glomerella cingulata, Glycomics, Humoral immunity, Hydrogen peroxide, Hypersensitive response, Isoflavonoid, Jasmonic acid, Magnaporthe grisea, Microorganism, Neoplasm, Oat, Papaya, Phytochemical, Pinaceae, Pinosylvin, Plant, Plant defense against herbivory, Plant disease, Plant hormone, Plant pathology, Plasmopara viticola, Polyphenol, Pterostilbene, Puccinia coronata, Pyrone, Reactive oxygen species, Resveratrol, ... Expand index (21 more) »
- Phytoalexins
Abscisic acid
Abscisic acid (ABA or abscisin II) is a plant hormone.
See Phytoalexin and Abscisic acid
Aflatoxin
Aflatoxins are various poisonous carcinogens and mutagens that are produced by certain molds, particularly Aspergillus species mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom.
Allixin
Allixin is a phytoalexin found in garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs. Phytoalexin and Allixin are phytoalexins.
Annual Review of Phytopathology
The Annual Review of Phytopathology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about phytopathology, the study of diseases that affect plants.
See Phytoalexin and Annual Review of Phytopathology
Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent).
See Phytoalexin and Antimicrobial
Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation (usually occurring as autoxidation), a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals.
See Phytoalexin and Antioxidant
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.
Avenanthramide
Avenanthramides (anthranilic acid amides, formerly called "avenalumins") are a group of phenolic alkaloids found mainly in oats (Avena sativa), but also present in white cabbage butterfly eggs (Pieris brassicae and P. rapae), and in fungus-infected carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). Phytoalexin and Avenanthramide are phytoalexins.
See Phytoalexin and Avenanthramide
Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes.
See Phytoalexin and Botrytis cinerea
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
See Phytoalexin and Cell (biology)
Cell wall
A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane.
Colletotrichum
Colletotrichum (sexual stage: Glomerella) is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes (living within the plant) or phytopathogens.
See Phytoalexin and Colletotrichum
Danielone
Danielone is a phytoalexin found in the papaya fruit. Phytoalexin and Danielone are phytoalexins.
Delta-Viniferin
δ-Viniferin is a resveratrol dehydrodimer. Phytoalexin and Delta-Viniferin are phytoalexins.
See Phytoalexin and Delta-Viniferin
Dihydroisocoumarin
Dihydroisocoumarins are phenolic compounds related to isocoumarin.
See Phytoalexin and Dihydroisocoumarin
Disease vector
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen such as a parasite or microbe, to another living organism.
See Phytoalexin and Disease vector
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or.
Eucalyptus sideroxylon
Eucalyptus sideroxylon, commonly known as mugga ironbark, or red ironbark is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia.
See Phytoalexin and Eucalyptus sideroxylon
Flavanone
The flavanones, a type of flavonoids, are various aromatic, colorless ketones derived from flavone that often occur in plants as glycosides.
Flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase
In enzymology, a flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (was wrongly classified as in the past) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 4 substrates of this enzyme are flavonoid, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 3'-hydroxyflavonoid, NADP+, and H2O.
See Phytoalexin and Flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase
Garlic
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the genus Allium.
Glomerella cingulata
Glomerella cingulata is a fungal plant pathogen, being the name of the sexual stage (teleomorph) while the more commonly referred to asexual stage (anamorph) is called Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
See Phytoalexin and Glomerella cingulata
Glycomics
Glycomics is the comprehensive study of glycomes (the entire complement of sugars, whether free or present in more complex molecules of an organism), including genetic, physiologic, pathologic, and other aspects.
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules – including secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides – located in extracellular fluids.
See Phytoalexin and Humoral immunity
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
See Phytoalexin and Hydrogen peroxide
Hypersensitive response
Hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.
See Phytoalexin and Hypersensitive response
Isoflavonoid
Isoflavonoids are a class of flavonoid phenolic compounds, many of which are biologically active.
See Phytoalexin and Isoflavonoid
Jasmonic acid
Jasmonic acid (JA) is an organic compound found in several plants including jasmine.
See Phytoalexin and Jasmonic acid
Magnaporthe grisea
Magnaporthe grisea, also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, Johnson spot, neck blast, wheat blast and, is a plant-pathogenic fungus and model organism that causes a serious disease affecting rice.
See Phytoalexin and Magnaporthe grisea
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
See Phytoalexin and Microorganism
Neoplasm
A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
Oat
The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural).
Papaya
The papaya, papaw, or pawpaw is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae, and also the name of its fruit.
Phytochemical
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants, generally to help them resist fungi, bacteria and plant virus infections, and also consumption by insects and other animals.
See Phytoalexin and Phytochemical
Pinaceae
The Pinaceae, or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, piñons, larches, pines and spruces.
Pinosylvin
Pinosylvin is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH.
See Phytoalexin and Pinosylvin
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
Plant defense against herbivory
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores.
See Phytoalexin and Plant defense against herbivory
Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).
See Phytoalexin and Plant disease
Plant hormone
Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations.
See Phytoalexin and Plant hormone
Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).
See Phytoalexin and Plant pathology
Plasmopara viticola
Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, is a heterothallic oomycete that overwinters as oospores in leaf litter and soil.
See Phytoalexin and Plasmopara viticola
Polyphenol
Polyphenols are a large family of naturally occurring phenols.
See Phytoalexin and Polyphenol
Pterostilbene
Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is a stilbenoid chemically related to resveratrol. Phytoalexin and Pterostilbene are phytoalexins.
See Phytoalexin and Pterostilbene
Puccinia coronata
Puccinia coronata is a plant pathogen and causal agent of oat and barley crown rust.
See Phytoalexin and Puccinia coronata
Pyrone
Pyrones or pyranones are a class of heterocyclic chemical compounds.
Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide.
See Phytoalexin and Reactive oxygen species
Resveratrol
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol or polyphenol and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi. Phytoalexin and Resveratrol are phytoalexins.
See Phytoalexin and Resveratrol
Rice
Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa.
Rust (fungus)
Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales) causing plant fungal diseases.
See Phytoalexin and Rust (fungus)
Sakuranetin
Sakuranetin is a flavan-on, the 7-methoxy derivative of naringenin, found in Polymnia fruticosa and rice, where it acts as a phytoalexin against spore germination of Pyricularia oryzae. Phytoalexin and Sakuranetin are phytoalexins.
See Phytoalexin and Sakuranetin
Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH.
See Phytoalexin and Salicylic acid
Salvestrol
A salvestrol is a dietary phytochemical. Phytoalexin and salvestrol are phytoalexins.
See Phytoalexin and Salvestrol
Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the grass genus Sorghum cultivated for its grain.
Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
Stilbenoid
Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene.
See Phytoalexin and Stilbenoid
Stress (mechanics)
In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation.
See Phytoalexin and Stress (mechanics)
Superoxide
In chemistry, a superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion, which has the chemical formula.
See Phytoalexin and Superoxide
Systemic acquired resistance
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a "whole-plant" resistance response that occurs following an earlier localized exposure to a pathogen.
See Phytoalexin and Systemic acquired resistance
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from taxonomy;: taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
Terpenoid
The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from the 5-carbon compound isoprene and its derivatives called terpenes, diterpenes, etc.
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
See Phytoalexin and Ultraviolet
Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran.
See Phytoalexin and Vitis vinifera
Wood
Wood is a structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.
Wood preservation
Wood easily degrades without sufficient preservation.
See Phytoalexin and Wood preservation
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), also commonly known as tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a diester of phorbol.
See Phytoalexin and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
3-Deoxyanthocyanidin
The 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins and their glycosides (3-deoxyanthocyanins or 3-DA) are molecules with an anthocyanidins backbone lacking an hydroxyl group at position 3 on the C-ring.
See Phytoalexin and 3-Deoxyanthocyanidin
6-Methoxymellein
6-Methoxymellein is a dihydroisocoumarin, a phenolic compound found in carrots and carrot purées. Phytoalexin and 6-Methoxymellein are phytoalexins.
See Phytoalexin and 6-Methoxymellein
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) is an immunosuppressor and a powerful organ-specific laboratory carcinogen.
See Phytoalexin and 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
See also
Phytoalexins
- 6-Methoxymellein
- Allixin
- Avenanthramide
- Capsidiol
- Danielone
- Delta-Viniferin
- Glyceollin I
- Glycinol (pterocarpan)
- Momilactone B
- Phytoalexin
- Pisatin
- Pterostilbene
- Resveratrol
- Sakuranetin
- Salvestrol
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoalexin
Also known as Phytoalexins, Phytoallexin.
, Rice, Rust (fungus), Sakuranetin, Salicylic acid, Salvestrol, Sorghum, Steroid, Stilbenoid, Stress (mechanics), Superoxide, Systemic acquired resistance, Taxon, Terpenoid, Ultraviolet, Vitis vinifera, Wood, Wood preservation, 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, 3-Deoxyanthocyanidin, 6-Methoxymellein, 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.