Pinales, the Glossary
The order Pinales in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, comprises all the extant conifers.[1]
Table of Contents
118 relations: Adolf Engler, Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart, Agathis, Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, Araucaria, Araucariaceae, Archegoniatae, Armen Takhtajan, Arthur Cronquist, Author citation (botany), Basal (phylogenetics), Bennettitales, Bentham & Hooker system, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Botanical Society of America, Brill Publishers, Carl Linnaeus, Cedrus, Cephalotaxus, Cheirolepidiaceae, Cladogram, Class (biology), Conifer, Conifer cone, Cordaitales, CRC Press, Cronquist system, Cupressaceae, Cupressus, Cycad, Cycadidae, Cypress, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Dicotyledon, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Division (biology), Embryophyte, Encyclopædia Britannica, Engler system, Ephedra (plant), Equisetidae, Family (biology), Fern, Fir, Flowering plant, Fossil, Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Genus, Ginkgoales, ... Expand index (68 more) »
- Plant orders
Adolf Engler
Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist.
Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart
Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart FRS FRSE FGS (14 January 1801 – 18 February 1876) was a French botanist.
See Pinales and Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart
Agathis
Agathis, commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees, native to Australasia and Southeast Asia.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies.
See Pinales and Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (or APweb) is a website dedicated to research on angiosperm phylogeny and taxonomy.
See Pinales and Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
Araucaria
Araucaria (original pronunciation) is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae.
Araucariaceae
Araucariaceae – also known as Araucarians – is a family of coniferous trees, with three living genera, Araucaria, Agathis, and Wollemia.
Archegoniatae
Archegoniatae was a higher taxonomic term that indicated those embryophytes having a female sexual organ in the form of an archegonium.
Armen Takhtajan
Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian (Արմեն Լևոնի Թախտաջյան; Армен Леонович Тахтаджян; surname also transliterated Takhtadjan, Takhtadzhi︠a︡n or Takhtadzhian, pronounced takh-tuh-JAHN; 10 June 1910 – 13 November 2009), was a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography.
See Pinales and Armen Takhtajan
Arthur Cronquist
Arthur John Cronquist (March 19, 1919 – March 22, 1992) was an American biologist, botanist and a specialist on Compositae.
See Pinales and Arthur Cronquist
In botanical nomenclature, author citation is the way of citing the person or group of people who validly published a botanical name, i.e. who first published the name while fulfilling the formal requirements as specified by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN).
See Pinales and Author citation (botany)
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
See Pinales and Basal (phylogenetics)
Bennettitales
Bennettitales (also known as cycadeoids) is an extinct order of seed plants that first appeared in the Permian period and became extinct in most areas toward the end of the Cretaceous.
Bentham & Hooker system
A taxonomic system, the Ashutosh tiwari for seed plants, was published in Bentham and Hooker's Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita in three volumes between 1862 and 1883.
See Pinales and Bentham & Hooker system
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
The Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society is a scientific journal publishing original papers relating to the taxonomy of all plant groups and fungi, including anatomy, biosystematics, cytology, ecology, ethnobotany, electron microscopy, morphogenesis, palaeobotany, palynology and phytochemistry.
See Pinales and Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
Botanical Society of America
The Botanical Society of America (BSA) represents professional and amateur botanists, researchers, educators and students in over 80 countries of the world.
See Pinales and Botanical Society of America
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Pinales and Brill Publishers
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
Cedrus
Cedrus, with the common English name cedar, is a genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae (subfamily Abietoideae).
Cephalotaxus
Cephalotaxus, commonly called plum yew or cowtail pine, is a genus of conifers comprising 11 species, either considered the only member of the family Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense.
Cheirolepidiaceae
Cheirolepidiaceae (also spelled Cheirolepidaceae) is an extinct family of conifers.
See Pinales and Cheirolepidiaceae
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class (classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank.
See Pinales and Class (biology)
Conifer
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.
Conifer cone
A conifer cone or pinecone (strobilus,: strobili in formal botanical usage) is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants.
Cordaitales
Cordaitales are an extinct order of gymnosperms, known from the early Carboniferous to the late Permian.
CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.
Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants.
See Pinales and Cronquist system
Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress, with worldwide distribution.
Cupressus
Cupressus is one of several genera of evergreen conifers within the family Cupressaceae that have the common name cypress; for the others, see cypress.
Cycad
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves.
Cycadidae
Cycadidae is a subclass of Equisetopsida in the sense used by Mark W. Chase and James L. Reveal in their 2009 article "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III." This subclass comprises the cycads, which include the two families Cycadaceae and Zamiaceae.
Cypress
Cypress is a common name for various coniferous trees or shrubs from the Cupressus genus of the Cupressaceae family, typically found in warm-temperate and subtropical regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.
Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences
The Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS) is a department of the Free University of Berlin established in June 2009.
See Pinales and Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences
Dicotyledon
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided.
Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (1887–1915) by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) and Karl Anton Prantl is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further.
See Pinales and Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
Division (biology)
Division is a taxonomic rank in biological classification that is used differently in zoology and in botany.
See Pinales and Division (biology)
Embryophyte
The embryophytes are a clade of plants, also known as Embryophyta or land plants.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Pinales and Encyclopædia Britannica
Engler system
One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler (1844–1930), and is featured in two major taxonomic texts he authored or co-authored.
Ephedra (plant)
Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs.
See Pinales and Ephedra (plant)
Equisetidae
Equisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian.
Family (biology)
Family (familia,: familiae) is one of the nine major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
See Pinales and Family (biology)
Fern
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
See Pinales and Fern
Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies in the family Pinaceae.
See Pinales and Fir
Flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae, commonly called angiosperms.
See Pinales and Flowering plant
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung
Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung (Brothers Borntraeger Publishing House) is a scientific publishing company covering the fields of botany, Earth science, and environmental science.
See Pinales and Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung
Genus
Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.
Ginkgoales
Ginkgoales are a gymnosperm order containing only one extant species: Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree. Pinales and Ginkgoales are plant orders.
Ginkgoidae
Ginkgoidae is a subclass of Equisetopsida in the sense used by Mark W. Chase and James L. Reveal in their 2009 article "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III." This subclass contains the single extant genus Ginkgo under order Ginkgoales, family Ginkgoaceae.
Gnetophyta
Gnetophyta is a division of plants (alternatively considered the subclass Gnetidae or order Gnetales), grouped within the gymnosperms (which also includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgos), that consists of some 70 species across the three relict genera: Gnetum (family Gnetaceae), Welwitschia (family Welwitschiaceae), and Ephedra (family Ephedraceae).
Gnetum
Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae within the Gnetophyta.
Green algae
The green algae (green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta.
Gymnosperm
The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae.
Ivan Nikolaevich Gorozhankin
Ivan Nikolaevich Gorozhankin (1848–1904) was a Russian botanist.
See Pinales and Ivan Nikolaevich Gorozhankin
James L. Reveal
James Lauritz Reveal (March 29, 1941 – January 9, 2015) was a U.S. botanist best known for his contributions to the genus Eriogonum and for his work on suprageneric names.
See Pinales and James L. Reveal
Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link
Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (2 February 1767 – 1 January 1851) was a German naturalist and botanist.
See Pinales and Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link
John Lindley
John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.
Juniper
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae.
Kew Bulletin
The Kew Bulletin is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal on plant and fungal taxonomy and conservation published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Larch
Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae).
Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy.
See Pinales and Linnean Society of London
List of plants known as cedar
Cedar is part of the English common name of many trees and other plants, particularly those of the genus Cedrus.
See Pinales and List of plants known as cedar
Longman
Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.
Lumpers and splitters
Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories.
See Pinales and Lumpers and splitters
Maarten J. M. Christenhusz
Dr Maarten Joost Maria Christenhusz (born 27 April 1976) is a Dutch botanist, natural historian and photographer.
See Pinales and Maarten J. M. Christenhusz
Magnoliidae sensu Chase & Reveal
Magnoliidae is a subclass of Equisetopsida in the sense used by Mark W. Chase and James L. Reveal in their 2009 article "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III." This subclass comprises the angiosperms or flowering plants.
See Pinales and Magnoliidae sensu Chase & Reveal
Mark Wayne Chase
Mark Wayne Chase (born 1951) is a US-born British botanist.
See Pinales and Mark Wayne Chase
Missouri Botanical Garden
The Missouri Botanical Garden is a botanical garden located at 4344 Shaw Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri.
See Pinales and Missouri Botanical Garden
Molecular phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships.
See Pinales and Molecular phylogenetics
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics.
See Pinales and Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of taxa which meets these criteria.
Monotypic taxon
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon.
See Pinales and Monotypic taxon
Neontology
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, deals with living (or, more generally, recent) organisms.
New York Botanical Garden
The New York Botanical Garden (NYBG) is a botanical garden at Bronx Park in the Bronx, New York City.
See Pinales and New York Botanical Garden
Nomen illegitimum
Nomen illegitimum (Latin for illegitimate name) is a technical term used mainly in botany.
See Pinales and Nomen illegitimum
Order (biology)
Order (ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
See Pinales and Order (biology)
Ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells.
Paraphyly
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages.
Philosophical Magazine
The Philosophical Magazine is one of the oldest scientific journals published in English.
See Pinales and Philosophical Magazine
Phyllocladus
Phyllocladus, the celery pines, is a small genus of conifers, now usually placed in the family Podocarpaceae.
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.
Phytologia
Phytologia is an open-access journal to expedite plant systematics, phytogeographical and ecological publication, focused on North America.
Phytotaxa
Phytotaxa is a peer-reviewed scientific journal for rapid publication on any aspect of systematic botany.
Pinaceae
The Pinaceae, or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, piñons, larches, pines and spruces.
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae.
See Pinales and Pine
Pinidae
Pinidae is a subclass of Equisetopsida in the sense used by Mark W. Chase and James L. Reveal in their 2009 article "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III." This subclass comprises the conifers.
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris, the Scots pine (UK), Scotch pine (US), Baltic pine, or European red pine is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae that is native to Eurasia.
See Pinales and Pinus sylvestris
Plant morphology
Phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants.
See Pinales and Plant morphology
PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
Podocarpaceae
Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs.
Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society is the main research journal of the Royal Society.
See Pinales and Proceedings of the Royal Society
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies.
See Pinales and Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
Robert Brown (21 December 1773 – 10 June 1858) was a Scottish botanist and paleobotanist who made important contributions to botany largely through his pioneering use of the microscope.
See Pinales and Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger
Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger (3 July 1876, Helgoland – 1 September 1953, Berlin) Zürcher Herbarien - Sammler Details was a German botanist, who specialised in the study of conifers.
See Pinales and Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
See Pinales and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Sciadopityaceae
Sciadopityaceae, commonly called umbrella pines, is a family of conifers now endemic to Japan but in prehistoric times they could also be found in Europe and China.
See Pinales and Sciadopityaceae
Sciadopitys
Sciadopitys, commonly called umbrella pines, is a genus of a unique conifers now endemic to Japan.
Seed plant
A seed plant or spermatophyte, also known as a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds.
Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of".
Sequoioideae
Sequoioideae, commonly referred to as redwoods, is a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family Cupressaceae, that range in the northern hemisphere.
Sister group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
South African National Biodiversity Institute
The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) is an organisation tasked with research and dissemination of information on biodiversity, and legally mandated to contribute to the management of the country's biodiversity resources.
See Pinales and South African National Biodiversity Institute
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Spruce
A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.
Subclade
In genetics, a subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup.
Systematic Botany
Systematic Botany is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the study of systematic botany.
See Pinales and Systematic Botany
Taxaceae
Taxaceae, commonly called the yew family, is a coniferous family which includes six extant and two extinct genera, and about 30 species of plants, or in older interpretations three genera and 7 to 12 species.
Taxodiaceae
Taxodiaceae is a formerly recognized conifer family.
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from taxonomy;: taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
Taxon (journal)
Taxon is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering plant taxonomy.
See Pinales and Taxon (journal)
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
See Pinales and Taxonomy (biology)
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily.
See Pinales and Tribe (biology)
Vascular plant
Vascular plants, also called tracheophytes or collectively tracheophyta, form a large group of land plants (accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant.
See Pinales and Vascular plant
Walter Max Zimmermann
Walter Max Zimmermann (May 9, 1892 – June 30, 1980) was a German botanist and systematist.
See Pinales and Walter Max Zimmermann
Workman Publishing Company
Workman Publishing Company, Inc., is an American publisher of trade books founded by Peter Workman. The company consists of imprints Workman, Workman Children's, Workman Calendars, Artisan, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill and Algonquin Young Readers, Storey Publishing, and Timber Press.
See Pinales and Workman Publishing Company
Yew
Yew is a common name given to various species of trees.
See Pinales and Yew
See also
Plant orders
- Ginkgoales
- Isoetales
- List of plant orders
- Pinales
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinales
Also known as Coniferales, Conopsida, Pinicae.
, Ginkgoidae, Gnetophyta, Gnetum, Green algae, Gymnosperm, Ivan Nikolaevich Gorozhankin, James L. Reveal, Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link, John Lindley, Juniper, Kew Bulletin, Larch, Linnean Society of London, List of plants known as cedar, Longman, Lumpers and splitters, Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Magnoliidae sensu Chase & Reveal, Mark Wayne Chase, Missouri Botanical Garden, Molecular phylogenetics, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Monophyly, Monotypic taxon, Neontology, New York Botanical Garden, Nomen illegitimum, Order (biology), Ovule, Paraphyly, Philosophical Magazine, Phyllocladus, Phylum, Phytologia, Phytotaxa, Pinaceae, Pine, Pinidae, Pinus sylvestris, Plant morphology, PLOS One, Podocarpaceae, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773), Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Sciadopityaceae, Sciadopitys, Seed plant, Sensu, Sequoioideae, Sister group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Species, Spruce, Subclade, Systematic Botany, Taxaceae, Taxodiaceae, Taxon, Taxon (journal), Taxonomy (biology), Tribe (biology), Vascular plant, Walter Max Zimmermann, Workman Publishing Company, Yew.