Plant reproductive morphology, the Glossary
Plant reproductive morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned with sexual reproduction.[1]
Table of Contents
75 relations: Abiotic component, Achene, Alder, Alnus serrulata, Alternation of generations, Amborella, Apomixis, Arisaema triphyllum, Betulaceae, Botany, Bryophyte, Calendula, Cannabis, Charles Darwin, Christian Konrad Sprengel, Coevolution, Conifer, Cycad, Dioecy, Ecosystem, Egg cell, Eranthis hyemalis, Euphorbia, Evolution, Evolution of sexual reproduction, Fern, Flower, Flowering plant, Follicle (fruit), Fraxinus excelsior, Gamete, Gametophyte, Green algae, Gymnosperm, Gynoecium, Holly, Homogamy (biology), Hornwort, Ilex aquifolium, Insect, Lemna, Locule, Marchantiophyta, Megaspore, Meiosis, Microspore, Monoecy, Monoicy, Moss, Natural selection, ... Expand index (25 more) »
Abiotic component
In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
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Achene
An achene, also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants.
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Alder
Alders are trees that compose the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae.
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Alnus serrulata
Alnus serrulata, the hazel alder or smooth alder, is a thicket-forming shrub in the family Betulaceae.
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Alternation of generations
Alternation of generations (also known as metagenesis or heterogenesis) is the predominant type of life cycle in plants and algae.
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Amborella
Amborella is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
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Apomixis
In botany, apomixis is asexual development of seed or embryo without fertilization.
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Arisaema triphyllum
Arisaema triphyllum, the Jack-in-the-pulpit, is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae.
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Betulaceae
Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams numbering a total of 167 species.
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Botany
Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
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Bryophyte
Bryophytes are a group of land plants, sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
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Calendula
Calendula is a genus of about 15–20 species Flora of China.
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Cannabis
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae.
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Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
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Christian Konrad Sprengel
Christian Konrad Sprengel (22 September 1750 – 7 April 1816) was a German naturalist, theologist, and teacher.
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Coevolution
In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection.
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Conifer
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.
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Cycad
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves.
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Dioecy
Dioecy (adj. dioecious) is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants).
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
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Egg cell
The egg cell or ovum (ova) is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, female gamete and a smaller, male one).
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Eranthis hyemalis
Eranthis hyemalis, the winter aconite, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to calcareous woodland habitats in France, Italy and the Balkans, and widely naturalized elsewhere in Europe.
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Euphorbia
Euphorbia is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the family Euphorbiaceae.
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Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution of sexual reproduction describes how sexually reproducing animals, plants, fungi and protists could have evolved from a common ancestor that was a single-celled eukaryotic species.
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Fern
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
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Flower
A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). Plant reproductive morphology and flower are plant morphology.
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Flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae, commonly called angiosperms.
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Follicle (fruit)
In botany, a follicle is a dry unilocular fruit formed from one carpel, containing two or more seeds.
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Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, known as the ash, or European ash or common ash to distinguish it from other types of ash, is a flowering plant species in the olive family Oleaceae.
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Gamete
A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.
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Gametophyte
A gametophyte is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. Plant reproductive morphology and gametophyte are plant morphology.
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Green algae
The green algae (green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta.
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Gymnosperm
The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae.
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Gynoecium
Gynoecium (gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. Plant reproductive morphology and Gynoecium are plant morphology.
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Holly
Ilex or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family.
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Homogamy (biology)
Homogamy is used in biology in four separate senses.
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Hornwort
Hornworts are a group of non-vascular Embryophytes (land plants) constituting the division Anthocerotophyta.
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Ilex aquifolium
Ilex aquifolium, the holly, common holly, English holly, European holly, or occasionally Christmas holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia.
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Insect
Insects (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta.
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Lemna
Lemna is a genus of free-floating aquatic plants referred to by the common name "duckweed".
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Locule
A locule (locules) or loculus (little place;: loculi) is a small cavity or compartment within an organ or part of an organism (animal, plant, or fungus). Plant reproductive morphology and locule are plant morphology.
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Marchantiophyta
The Marchantiophyta are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts.
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Megaspore
Megaspores, also called macrospores, are a type of spore that is present in heterosporous plants.
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Meiosis
Meiosis ((since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid).
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Microspore
Microspores are land plant spores that develop into male gametophytes, whereas megaspores develop into female gametophytes.
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Monoecy
Monoecy (adj. monoecious) is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant.
See Plant reproductive morphology and Monoecy
Monoicy
Monoicy is a sexual system in haploid plants (mainly bryophytes) where both sperm and eggs are produced on the same gametophyte, in contrast with dioicy, where each gametophyte produces only sperm or eggs but never both. Plant reproductive morphology and Monoicy are plant morphology.
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Moss
Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta sensu stricto.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Outcrossing
Out-crossing or out-breeding is the technique of crossing between different breeds.
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Ovary (botany)
In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Plant reproductive morphology and ovary (botany) are plant morphology.
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Ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. Plant reproductive morphology and ovule are plant morphology.
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Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when called a perigone.
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Petal
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. Plant reproductive morphology and Petal are plant morphology.
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Plant morphology
Phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants.
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Pollen
Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction. Plant reproductive morphology and Pollen are plant morphology.
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Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds.
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Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower.
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Ranunculus glaberrimus
Ranunculus glaberrimus, the sagebrush buttercup, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae.
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
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Seed plant
A seed plant or spermatophyte, also known as a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds.
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Self-incompatibility
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for several genetic mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization in sexually reproducing organisms, and thus encourage outcrossing and allogamy.
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Sepal
A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Plant reproductive morphology and sepal are plant morphology.
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Sequential hermaphroditism
Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being simultaneous hermaphroditism.
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).
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Sperm
Sperm (sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one).
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Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
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Sporophyte
A sporophyte is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga which produces asexual spores. Plant reproductive morphology and sporophyte are plant morphology.
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Stamen
The stamen (stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Plant reproductive morphology and stamen are plant morphology.
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Tragopogon
Tragopogon, also known as goatsbeard or salsify, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
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Trioecy
Trioecy is a sexual system characterized by the coexistence of males, females, and hermaphrodites.
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Vascular plant
Vascular plants, also called tracheophytes or collectively tracheophyta, form a large group of land plants (accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant.
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Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.
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Vestigiality
Vestigiality is the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology
Also known as Androecious, Androgynous (botany), Bisexual flower, Bisexual flowers, Complete flower, Diclinous, Diecious, Dieoecious, Dioecy (plant), Female (botany), Female plant, Floral reproductive morphology, Flower morphology, Gynoecious, Gynoecy, Hermaphrodite (botany), Hermaphrodite flower, Hermaphroditic (botany), Hermaphroditic flower, Imperfect flower, Male (botany), Male plant, Monecious, Monicous, Monoclinous, Non-flowering plant, Perfect flower, Plant Reproductive System, Plant gender, Plant maturity, Plant sex, Plant sexual morphology, Plant sexuality, Polygamo-dioecious, Polygamo-monoecious, Polygamodioecious, Polygamomonoecious, Polygamonoecious, Reproductive organs of plants, Sexual reproduction of plants, Sub-dioecious, Subandroecious, Subdioecious, Subgynoecious, Synoecious, Unisexual flowers.
, Outcrossing, Ovary (botany), Ovule, Perianth, Petal, Plant morphology, Pollen, Pollination, Pollinator, Ranunculus glaberrimus, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Seed plant, Self-incompatibility, Sepal, Sequential hermaphroditism, Sexual reproduction, Sperm, Spore, Sporophyte, Stamen, Tragopogon, Trioecy, Vascular plant, Vegetative reproduction, Vestigiality.