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Plastid evolution, the Glossary

A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in plants, algae and other eukaryotic organisms that contribute to the production of pigment molecules.^[1]

46 relations: Algae, ATP synthase alpha/beta subunits, Azolla filiculoides, Cell cycle, Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, Coding region, Cyanobacteria, Cytochrome b, Digestion, Dinoflagellate, DNA repair, DnaA, Endosymbiont, Eukaryote, Fission (biology), Gene, Genetic transformation, Genome, Glossary of biology, Glycolysis, Horizontal gene transfer, Kinamycin, Metabolite, Minicircle, Natural selection, Nitrogen fixation, Organelle, Phagocytosis, Photosynthesis, Plant, Plastid, Pollen, Prokaryote, Protein targeting, PsaA RNA motif, Pseudogene, Red algae, Spectinomycin, Symbiogenesis, Synechocystis, Tobacco, Transposable element, Wild type, 16S ribosomal RNA, 23S ribosomal RNA.
Endosymbiotic events

Algae

Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms. Plastid evolution and Algae are endosymbiotic events.

See Plastid evolution and Algae

ATP synthase alpha/beta subunits

The alpha and beta (or A and B) subunits are found in the F1, V1, and A1 complexes of F-, V- and A-ATPases, respectively, as well as flagellar (T3SS) ATPase and the termination factor Rho.

See Plastid evolution and ATP synthase alpha/beta subunits

Azolla filiculoides

Azolla filiculoides (water fern) is a species of aquatic fern.

See Plastid evolution and Azolla filiculoides

Cell cycle

The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells.

See Plastid evolution and Cell cycle

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

See Plastid evolution and Cell membrane

Cell nucleus

The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

See Plastid evolution and Cell nucleus

Coding region

The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein.

See Plastid evolution and Coding region

Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis. Plastid evolution and Cyanobacteria are photosynthesis.

See Plastid evolution and Cyanobacteria

Cytochrome b

Cytochrome b within both molecular and cell biology, is a protein found in the membranes of aerobic cells.

See Plastid evolution and Cytochrome b

Digestion

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food compounds into small water-soluble components so that they can be absorbed into the blood plasma.

See Plastid evolution and Digestion

Dinoflagellate

The dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered protists. Plastid evolution and dinoflagellate are endosymbiotic events.

See Plastid evolution and Dinoflagellate

DNA repair

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.

See Plastid evolution and DNA repair

DnaA

DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria.

See Plastid evolution and DnaA

Endosymbiont

An endosymbiont or endobiont is an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism. Plastid evolution and endosymbiont are endosymbiotic events.

See Plastid evolution and Endosymbiont

Eukaryote

The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

See Plastid evolution and Eukaryote

Fission (biology)

Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original.

See Plastid evolution and Fission (biology)

Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings.

See Plastid evolution and Gene

Genetic transformation

In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).

See Plastid evolution and Genetic transformation

Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

See Plastid evolution and Genome

Glossary of biology

This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.

See Plastid evolution and Glossary of biology

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol).

See Plastid evolution and Glycolysis

Horizontal gene transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction).

See Plastid evolution and Horizontal gene transfer

Kinamycin

Kinamycins are a group of bacterial polyketide secondary metabolites containing a diazo group.

See Plastid evolution and Kinamycin

In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism.

See Plastid evolution and Metabolite

Minicircle

Minicircles are small (~4kb) circular replicons.

See Plastid evolution and Minicircle

Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

See Plastid evolution and Natural selection

Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen is converted into ammonia.

See Plastid evolution and Nitrogen fixation

Organelle

In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function.

See Plastid evolution and Organelle

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.

See Plastid evolution and Phagocytosis

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.

See Plastid evolution and Photosynthesis

Plant

Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.

See Plastid evolution and Plant

Plastid

A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. Plastid evolution and plastid are endosymbiotic events and photosynthesis.

See Plastid evolution and Plastid

Pollen

Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

See Plastid evolution and Pollen

Prokaryote

A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

See Plastid evolution and Prokaryote

Protein targeting

Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside the cell.

See Plastid evolution and Protein targeting

PsaA RNA motif

The psaA RNA motif describes a class of RNAs with a common secondary structure.

See Plastid evolution and PsaA RNA motif

Pseudogene

Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes.

See Plastid evolution and Pseudogene

Red algae

Red algae, or Rhodophyta, make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.

See Plastid evolution and Red algae

Spectinomycin

Spectinomycin, sold under the tradename Trobicin among others, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of gonorrhea infections.

See Plastid evolution and Spectinomycin

Symbiogenesis

Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms. Plastid evolution and Symbiogenesis are endosymbiotic events.

See Plastid evolution and Symbiogenesis

Synechocystis

Synechocystis is a genus of unicellular, freshwater cyanobacteria in the family Merismopediaceae.

See Plastid evolution and Synechocystis

Tobacco

Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus Nicotiana of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants.

See Plastid evolution and Tobacco

Transposable element

A transposable element (TE, transposon, or jumping gene) is a nucleic acid sequence in DNA that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.

See Plastid evolution and Transposable element

Wild type

The wild type (WT) is the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature.

See Plastid evolution and Wild type

16S ribosomal RNA

16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA).

See Plastid evolution and 16S ribosomal RNA

23S ribosomal RNA

The 23S rRNA is a 2,904 nucleotide long (in E. coli) component of the large subunit (50S) of the bacterial/archean ribosome and makes up the peptidyl transferase center (PTC).

See Plastid evolution and 23S ribosomal RNA

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastid_evolution

Plastid evolution, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Endosymbiotic events

References