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Ploiești, the Glossary

Ploiești, formerly spelled Ploești, is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania.^[1]

237 relations: A3 motorway (Romania), Adevărul, Administrative divisions of Romania, Adrian Diaconu, Alexandru Dedu, Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Allies of World War II, Andreea Bălan, Andrei Rădulescu, Anticline, Association football, Auchan, Basarab Nicolescu, Basketball, Battle of Romania, Băicoi, Bărcănești, Prahova, Berat, Berceni, Prahova, Billa (supermarket), Black Sea, Blejoi, Brașov, Brazi, Brăila, Bricostore, British American Tobacco, British Army, Bucharest, Bucharest Business Week, Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport, Bucov, Buzău, Carrefour, Central Powers, Chestnut, Christian Magdu, Clay, Coca-Cola, Collins English Dictionary, Conglomerate (geology), Constanța, Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Constantin Stoicescu, Corneliu Mănescu, Counties of Romania, County seat, Cristian Pîrvulescu, CSM Ploiești (women's handball), CSU Ploiești, ... Expand index (187 more) »
1596 establishments in Europe
16th-century establishments in Romania
Capitals of Romanian counties
Populated places established in 1596
Populated places in Prahova County

A3 motorway (Romania)

The A3 motorway (Autostrada A3) is a partially built motorway in Romania, planned to connect Bucharest with the Transylvania region and the north-western part of the country.

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Adevărul

(meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled Adevĕrul) is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest.

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Administrative divisions of Romania

Romania's administration is relatively centralized and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified.

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Adrian Diaconu

Adrian Diaconu (born 9 June 1978) is a Romanian former professional boxer who competed from 2001 to 2011, and held the WBC light-heavyweight title from 2008 to 2009.

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Alexandru Dedu

Alexandru Mihai Dedu (born 15 September 1971 in Ploiești) is a retired Romanian handballer who played for the Romanian national team in line player position.

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Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea or Alexandru Gherea (rendered in Russian as Александр Доброджану-Геря or Доброжану-Гере - Aleksandr Dobrodzhanu-Gerya /Dobrozhanu-Gere; 7 July 1879 —4 November 1937) was a Romanian communist militant and son of socialist, sociologist and literary critic Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

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Andreea Bălan

Andreea Bălan (born 23 June 1984) is a Romanian pop singer.

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Andrei Rădulescu

Andrei Rădulescu (28 November 1880 – 30 September 1959) was a Romanian jurist.

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Anticline

In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline.

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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.

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Auchan

Auchan is a French multinational retail group headquartered in Croix, France.

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Basarab Nicolescu

Basarab Nicolescu (born March 25, 1942, Ploieşti, Romania) is an honorary theoretical physicist at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris.

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Basketball

Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket in diameter mounted high to a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.

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Battle of Romania

The Battle of Romania in World War II comprised several operations in or around Romania in 1944, as part of the Eastern Front, in which the Soviet Army defeated Axis (German and Romanian) forces in the area, Romania changed sides, and Soviet and Romanian forces drove the Germans back into Hungary Soviet troops entered Romanian territory during the Uman–Botoșani offensive in March 1944, capturing several towns in northern Moldavia, including Botoșani.

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Băicoi

Băicoi is a town in Prahova County, Romania, near the 45th parallel. Ploiești and Băicoi are Populated places in Prahova County.

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Bărcănești, Prahova

Bărcănești is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania.

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Berat

Berat (Berati) is the ninth most populous city of Albania and the seat of Berat County and Berat Municipality.

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Berceni, Prahova

Berceni is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania.

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Billa (supermarket)

BILLA is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Blejoi

Blejoi is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania.

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Brașov

Brașov (Kronstadt, also Brasau; Brassó; Corona; Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen) is a city in Transylvania, Romania and the county seat (i.e. administrative centre) of Brașov County. Ploiești and Brașov are capitals of Romanian counties and cities in Romania.

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Brazi

Brazi is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania.

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Brăila

Brăila (also) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County. Ploiești and Brăila are capitals of Romanian counties and cities in Romania.

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Bricostore

Bricostore was a French home improvement retailer which operated stores in France, Hungary, Romania and Croatia.

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British American Tobacco

British American Tobacco p.l.c. (BAT) is a British multinational company that manufactures and sells cigarettes, tobacco and other nicotine products including electronic cigarettes.

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania. Ploiești and Bucharest are capitals of Romanian counties and cities in Romania.

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Bucharest Business Week

Bucharest Business Week (BBW for short) was a Romanian English-language weekly business newspaper.

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Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport

Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport (Aeroportul Internațional Henri Coandă București) is Romania's busiest international airport, located in Otopeni, north of Bucharest's city centre.

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Bucov

Bucov is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania, just east of Ploiești, the county seat.

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Buzău

The city of Buzău (formerly spelled Buzeu or Buzĕu) is the county seat of Buzău County, Romania, in the historical region of Muntenia. Ploiești and Buzău are capitals of Romanian counties and cities in Romania.

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Carrefour

Carrefour Group, S.A. (Groupe Carrefour), is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered in Massy, France.

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Central Powers

The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).

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Chestnut

The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus Castanea, in the beech family Fagaceae.

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Christian Magdu

Christian Magdu (born 15 October 1977 in Ploieşti) is a Romanian-born Swedish actor.

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Clay

Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al2Si2O5(OH)4).

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Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink with a cola flavor manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company.

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Collins English Dictionary

The Collins English Dictionary is a printed and online dictionary of English.

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Conglomerate (geology)

Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts.

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Constanța

Constanța (Custantsa; Kyustendzha, or label; Dobrujan Tatar: Köstencĭ; Kōnstántza, or label; Köstence), historically known as Tomis or Tomi (Τόμις or Τόμοι), is a port city in the Dobruja historical region of Romania. Ploiești and Constanța are capitals of Romanian counties and cities in Romania.

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Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea

Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea (born Solomon Katz; 21 May 1855 – 7 May 1920) was a Romanian Marxist theorist, politician, sociologist, literary critic, and journalist.

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Constantin Stoicescu

Constantin I. Stoicescu (January 15, 1852 – May 10, 1911) was a politician and diplomat who held several ministerial positions in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Corneliu Mănescu

Corneliu Mănescu (8 February 1916 – 26 June 2000) was a Romanian diplomat born in Ploiești.

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Counties of Romania

A total of 41 counties (județe), along with the municipality of Bucharest, constitute the official administrative divisions of Romania.

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County seat

A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish.

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Cristian Pîrvulescu

Cristian-Romulus Pîrvulescu (born January 9, 1965) is a Romanian political analyst, activist, journalist, and essayist.

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CSM Ploiești (women's handball)

CSM Ploiești is a women's handball club from Ploieşti, Romania, that plays in the Liga Națională.

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CSU Ploiești

CSU Ploieşti was a Romanian professional basketball club, based in Ploiești, Romania.

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Dan Ioan Popescu

Dan Ioan Popescu (born March 10, 1948, in Ploieşti) is a Romanian businessman and politician.

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Danube

The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.

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Dâmbu (river)

The Dâmbu is a right tributary of the river Teleajen in Romania.

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Diapir

A diapir is a type of intrusion in which a more mobile and ductilely deformable material is forced into brittle overlying rocks.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home

The Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home is the presidential library and museum of Dwight David Eisenhower, the 34th president of the United States (1953–1961), located in his hometown of Abilene, Kansas.

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Eastern European Summer Time

Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of the UTC+03:00 time zone, which is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

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Eastern European Time

Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

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Edgar Bischoff

Edgar Bischoff (May 20, 1912"Bischoff, Edgar," in: Dictionnaire des hommes de théâtre français contemporains, Paris: O. Perrin, 1967, p. 31. – December 27, 1995), also known by the alias Francis Mainville, was a Romanian-born French composer and lyricist.

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Efes Beverage Group

Anadolu Efes Biracılık ve Malt Sanayii A.Ş. (lit. Anadolu Efes Brewery and Malt Industries) produces and markets beer and malt and non-alcoholic beverages in a wide geographical area comprising Turkey, the United States, Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East.

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Erich von Falkenhayn

General Erich Georg Sebastian Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was a German general who was the second Chief of the German General Staff of the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916.

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Eugen Simion

Eugen Simion (25 May 1933 – 18 October 2022) was a Romanian literary critic and historian, editor, essayist and academic.

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Ștefan Gheorghiu (trade unionist)

Ștefan Gheorghiu (15 January 1879 – 19 March 1914) was a Romanian trade unionist.

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FC Petrolul Ploiești

Asociația Clubul Sportiv Petrolul 52, commonly referred to as FC Petrolul Ploiești, Petrolul Ploiești or simply Petrolul, is a Romanian professional football club based in Ploiești, Prahova County, that competes in the Liga I. Founded in 1924 in capital Bucharest as Juventus, following the merger of Triumf and Romcomit, it won its first league championship in the 1929–30 season.

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Federal-Mogul

Federal-Mogul Corporation is an American developer, manufacturer, and supplier of products for automotive, commercial, aerospace, marine, rail, and off-road vehicles, as well as industrial, agricultural, and power-generation applications. It was acquired in February 2022 by Apollo Global Management. Federal-Mogul operated two independent business divisions, Federal-Mogul Powertrain and Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts.

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Fig

The fig is the edible fruit of Ficus carica, a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Moraceae, native to the Mediterranean region, together with western and southern Asia.

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Florin Cezar Ouatu

Florin Cezar Ouatu (born 18 February 1980), known professionally as "Cezar The Voice" or simply "Cezar", is a Romanian opera countertenor, singer, and pianist.

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Flysch

Flysch is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones.

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Fory Etterle

Fory Etterle (24 May 1908–16 September 1983) was a Romanian film actor.

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Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party

The Party of Liberty, Unity and Solidarity (PLUS) was a pro-European, liberal political party established on 26 October 2018, whose president was Dacian Cioloș, former Prime Minister of Romania from 2015 until 2017, elected on 26 January 2019.

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Gabriel Popa (painter)

Gabriel Popa (1937–1995) was a Romanian painter.

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Geo Bogza

Geo Bogza (born Gheorghe Bogza; February 6, 1908 – September 14, 1993) was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, known for his left-wing and communist political convictions.

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George Nicolescu

George Nicolescu (12 March 1950, Ploiești – 26 March 2024, Bucharest) was a Romanian musician.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Geta Brătescu

Geta Brătescu (4 May 1926 – 19 September 2018) was a Romanian visual artist with works in drawing, collage, photography, performance, illustration and film.

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Gherghița

Gherghița is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania.

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Giurgiu

Giurgiu (Gyurgevo) is a city in southern Romania. Ploiești and Giurgiu are capitals of Romanian counties and cities in Romania.

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Goran Bregović

Goran Bregović (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Бреговић; born 22 March 1950) is a recording artist from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Handball

Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the opposing team.

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Harbin

Harbin is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.

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HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.

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Hîncești

Hîncești is a city and municipality in Moldova.

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Humid continental climate

A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) and snowy winters.

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a Central European nation and an ethnic group native to Hungary and historical Hungarian lands (i.e. belonging to the former Kingdom of Hungary) who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language.

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Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

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Ilie Crețulescu

Ilie Crețulescu (2 October 1892 – 30 November 1971) was a Romanian major-general during World War II.

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Interbrew

Interbrew is subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV is based in Breda, Netherlands.

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Intermarché

Intermarché (English translation: Intermarket) is a brand of general commercial supermarkets or grocery stores found in France and other European countries.

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Ioan A. Bassarabescu

Ioan Alecu Bassarabescu (commonly rendered I. A. Bassarabescu; December 17, 1870 - March 27, 1952) was a Romanian comedic writer, civil servant and politician, who served one term (1926–1927) in the Senate of Romania.

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Ioannis Velissariou

Ioannis Velissariou (Ιωάννης Βελισσαρίου, 26 November 1861 – 13 July 1913) was a Hellenic Army officer and hero of the Balkan Wars.

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Ion Luca Caragiale

Ion Luca Caragiale (According to his birth certificate, published and discussed by Constantin Popescu-Cadem in Manuscriptum, Vol. VIII, Nr. 2, 1977, pp. 179–184 – 9 June 1912), commonly referred to as I. L. Caragiale, was a Romanian playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist.

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Ion Luca Caragiale National College (Ploiești)

Ion Luca Caragiale National College (Colegiul Național Ion Luca Caragiale) is a high school located at 98 Gheorghe Doja Street, Ploiești, Romania.

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Ion N. Petrovici

Ion N. Petrovici (August 19, 1929 in Ploiești, Romania – February 19, 2021) was a German neurologist, professor of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Cologne.

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Ionel Gherea

Ionel Gherea, also known as Ioan Dobrogeanu-Gherea or Ion D. Gherea (Francized J. D. Ghéréa; 1895 – December 15, 1978), was a Romanian philosopher, essayist, and concert pianist.

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IPIP SA

S.C. IPIP S.A. the Engineering and Design Institute for Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Plants is a Romanian company which was established in 1950, at Ploiești, as a milestone in the development of the petroleum, hydrocarbon processing and petrochemical industries as well as of their related fields, in Romania.

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Istrate Micescu

Istrate N. Micescu (22 May 1881 – 22 May 1951) was a Romanian lawyer, Law and Political Science professor at the University of Bucharest's Law Department, and politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.

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John Norton-Griffiths

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Norton-Griffiths, 1st Baronet, (13 July 1871 – 27 September 1930) was an engineer, British Army officer during the Second Boer War and the First World War, and a Member of Parliament.

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Kaufland

Kaufland is a German hypermarket chain, part of the Schwarz Gruppe which also owns Lidl.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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KFC

KFC Corporation, doing business as KFC (also commonly referred to by its historical name Kentucky Fried Chicken), is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

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Laurențiu Toma

Laurenţiu Toma (born 29 April 1984 in Ploiești) is a Romanian handballer playing for HC Dobrogea Sud Constanța and the Romanian national team.

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Lazăr Șăineanu

Lazăr Șăineanu (also spelled Șeineanu, born Eliezer Schein;Leopold, p.383, 417 Francisized Lazare Sainéan,, Alexandru Mușina,, in România Literară, Nr. 19/2003 or Sainéanu; April 23, 1859 – May 11, 1934) was a United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia-born philologist, linguist, folklorist and cultural historian.

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Lefkada (city)

Lefkada City (Πόλη της Λευκάδας, Póli tis Lefkádas) is a city and a former municipality on the island of Lefkada, Ionian Islands, Greece.

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Leonard Doroftei

Leonard Dorin Doroftei (also known as Leonard Dorin; born 10 April 1970) is a Romanian former boxer, the WBA Lightweight World Champion from 5 January 2002 to 24 October 2003.

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Lexico

Lexico was a dictionary website that provided a collection of English and Spanish dictionaries produced by Oxford University Press (OUP), the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Lidl

Lidl is a German international discount retailer chain that operates over 12,000 stores, present in every member state of the European Union, Serbia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.

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Liga Națională (women's handball)

The Liga Națională is a league of professional women's handball league teams in Romania.

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Limestone

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.

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List of cities and towns in Romania

This is a list of cities and towns in Romania, ordered by population (largest to smallest) according to the 2002, 2011 and 2021 censuses. Ploiești and list of cities and towns in Romania are cities in Romania.

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Liviu Librescu

Liviu Librescu (ליביו ליברסקו; August 18, 1930 – April 16, 2007) was a Romanian–American scientist and engineer.

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Lukoil

The PJSC Lukoil Oil Company (stylized as LUKOIL or ЛУКОЙЛ in Cyrillic script) is a Russian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Moscow, specializing in the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of petroleum, natural gas, petroleum products, and electricity.

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Maracaibo

Maracaibo (Marakaaya) is a city and municipality in northwestern Venezuela, on the western shore of the strait that connects Lake Maracaibo to the Gulf of Venezuela.

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Marl

Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt.

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Marousi

Marousi or Maroussi (Μαρούσι), also known as Amarousio (Αμαρούσιο), is a city and a suburb in the northeastern part of the Athens urban area, Greece.

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McDonald's

McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.

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Mega Image

Mega Image is a supermarket chain, established in Romania in 1995, owned by Ahold Delhaize.

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Metro AG

Metro AG is a German multinational company based in Düsseldorf which operates business membership-only cash and carry stores primarily under the Metro brand.

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Michael the Brave

Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul or Mihai Bravu; 1558 – 9 August 1601), born as Mihai Pătrașcu, was the Prince of Wallachia (as Michael II, 1593–1601), Prince of Moldavia (1600) and de facto ruler of Transylvania (1599–1600).

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Mihai Drăgănescu

Mihai Corneliu Drăgănescu (October 6, 1929 – May 28, 2010) was a Romanian engineer who served as President of the Romanian Academy from 1990 to 1994.

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Mihai Ioan Botez

Mihai Ioan Botez (29 June 1927 – 2 June 1998) was born in Ploiești, Romania, trained at Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, a neurologist and academic who specialized in the field of neuropsychology.

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Miocene

The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).

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Mircea Coșea

Dumitru Gheorghe Mircea Coșea (born June 9, 1942) is a Romanian politician, economist, diplomat, essayist, journalist and professor.

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Moesian Plate

The Moesian Plate, also known as the Moesian Platform, is a microcontinent and crustal block in the southwestern part of the East European Craton.

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Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei, literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: Молдова or Цара Мѡлдовєй) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River.

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Municipiu

A municipiu (from Latin municipium; English: municipality) is a level of administrative subdivision in Romania and Moldova, roughly equivalent to city in some English-speaking countries. Ploiești and municipiu are cities in Romania.

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Muntenia

Muntenia (also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the seldom used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian).

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National Institute of Statistics (Romania)

The National Institute of Statistics (Institutul Național de Statistică, INS) is a Romanian government agency which is responsible for collecting national statistics, in fields such as geography, the economy, demographics and society.

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National Liberal Party (Romania)

The National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) is a Christian-democratic and socially conservative political party in Romania (and the second largest overall political party in the country as of mid 2023).

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Nationalization

Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nichita Stănescu

Nichita Stănescu (born Nichita Hristea Stănescu; 31 March 1933 – 13 December 1983) was a Romanian poet and essayist.

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Nico (Romanian singer)

Nicoleta Matei (born 1 February 1970), known by her stage name Nico, is a Romanian singer and TV personality.

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Nicolae Simache

Nicolae Simache (November 5, 1905 – January 6, 1972) was a Romanian professor, historian and publicist.

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OBI (retail chain)

OBI GmbH & Co.

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Octavian Bellu

Octavian Ioan Atanase Bellu (born 17 February 1951) is the current head of the Romanian national women's artistic gymnastics team.

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Oil campaign of World War II

The Allied oil campaign of World War II pitted the RAF and the USAAF against facilities supplying Nazi Germany with petroleum, oil, and lubrication (POL) products.

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Oil refinery

An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and petroleum naphtha.

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Oligocene

The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.

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OMV

OMV (formerly abbreviation for Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung Aktiengesellschaft (Austrian Mineral Oil Administration Stock Company)) is an Austrian multinational integrated oil, gas and petrochemical company which is headquartered in Vienna, Austria.

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Operation Tidal Wave

Operation Tidal Wave was an air attack by bombers of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) based in Libya on nine oil refineries around Ploiești, Romania on 1 August 1943, during World War II. Ploiești and Operation Tidal Wave are oil campaign of World War II.

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Oral, Kazakhstan

Oral (Орал), known in Russian as Uralsk (Уральск), is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chagan rivers close to the Russian border.

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Osijek

Osijek is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. Ploiești and Osijek are oil campaign of World War II.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Paul Constantinescu

Paul Constantinescu (30 June 1909, Ploiești – 20 December 1963) was a Romanian composer.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

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Penny Market XXL

Penny Market XXL and XXL Mega Discount were a discount Romanian supermarket chain owned by Rewe Group, which also operated the Billa, Penny Market and Selgros in Romania.

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Petre Bejan

Petre Bejan (January 2, 1896–September 6, 1978) was a Romanian engineer and politician.

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Petre P. Negulescu

Petre Paul Negulescu (October 18, 1870 – September 28, 1951) was a Romanian philosopher and conservative politician, known as a disciple and continuator of Titu Maiorescu.

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Petrobrazi Refinery

Petrobrazi Refinery is one of the largest Romanian refineries and one of the largest in Eastern Europe, located near Ploiești, Prahova County having as a main activity the processing of Romanian oil but also has a separate unit specialised in processing chemical products.

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Petrochemical

Petrochemicals (sometimes abbreviated as petchems) are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining.

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Petrochemical industry in Romania

The emergence of oil production in the territory now known as Romania dates back to 1857, with oil facilities gaining strategic military significance in 1916 during World War I. Throughout World War II, the Kingdom of Romania held the position as the largest oil producer in Europe, second only to the USSR, whose primary oil source was located in Azerbaijan.

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Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.

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Petroleum industry

The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products.

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Petroleum trap

In petroleum geology, a trap is a geological structure affecting the reservoir rock and caprock of a petroleum system allowing the accumulation of hydrocarbons in a reservoir.

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Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești

Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești (Universitatea Petrol-Gaze, UPG) is a public university in Ploiești, Romania.

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Petrom

OMV Petrom S.A. is a Romanian integrated oil company, controlled by Austria's OMV.

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Petrotel Lukoil Refinery

Petrotel Lukoil Refinery is one of the largest Romanian oil refineries and one of the largest in Eastern Europe, located in Ploieşti, Prahova County.

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Pipeline

A pipeline is a system of pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption.

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Pitești

Pitești is a city in Romania, located on the river Argeș. Ploiești and Pitești are capitals of Romanian counties and cities in Romania.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years ago.

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Ploiești Art Museum

The Ploiești Art Museum, officially the Ion Ionescu-Quintus Prahova County Art Museum (Muzeul Județean de Artă Prahova „Ion Ionescu-Quintus”.), is an art museum located at 1 Independenței Boulevard, Ploiești, Romania.

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Ploiești metropolitan area

Ploieşti metropolitan area is a proposed metropolitan area project, launched in 2003.

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Ploiești Philharmonic Orchestra

The Ploiești Philharmonic Orchestra (Filarmonica "Paul Constantinescu" Ploiești) is a Romanian orchestra based in Ploiești, Prahova County.

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Populus tremula

Populus tremula (commonly called aspen, common aspen, Eurasian aspen, European aspen, or quaking aspen) is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of the Old World.

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Prahova (river)

The Prahova is a river of Southern Romania, which rises from the Bucegi Mountains, in the Southern Carpathians.

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Prahova County

Prahova County is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Muntenia, with the capital city at Ploiești.

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Prahova Valley

Prahova Valley (Romanian: Valea Prahovei) is the valley where the Prahova river makes its way between the Bucegi and the Baiu Mountains, in the Carpathian Mountains, Romania.

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Profi

Profi is a chain of supermarkets and convenience stores with over 1,600 locations in Romania owned by Ahold Delhaize.

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Quercus petraea

Quercus petraea, commonly known as the sessile oak, Cornish oak, Irish Oak or durmast oak, is a species of oak tree native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran.

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Quercus robur

Quercus robur, the pedunculate oak or English oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae.

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Radom

Radom is a city in east-central Poland, located approximately south of the capital, Warsaw.

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Radu Tudoran

Radu Tudoran (born Nicolae Bogza; March 8, 1910 – November 18, 1992) was a popular Romanian novelist.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Remus Opriș

Constantin Remus Opriș (November 20, 1958 – May 20, 2019) was a Romanian politician and psychiatrist, a prominent member of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD) and former Minister-Delegate for Local Administration in the 1996–1998 Victor Ciorbea cabinet (formed around the Romanian Democratic Convention, CDR).

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Republic of Ploiești

The Republic of Ploiești (Republica de la Ploiești) was a revolt against the princely Romanian monarchy in the city of Ploiești, Romania, on 8 August, 1870.

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Resort

A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that tries to provide most of a vacationer's wants, such as food, drink, swimming, accommodation, sports, entertainment and shopping, on the premises.

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Roberta Anastase

Roberta Alma Anastase (born 27 March 1976 in Ploiești, Romania) is a Romanian politician and former first female President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania between 19 December 2008 and 3 July 2012.

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Robinia pseudoacacia

Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known in its native territory as black locust, is a medium-sized hardwood deciduous tree, belonging to the tribe Robinieae of the legume family Fabaceae.

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Romani people

The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani and colloquially known as the Roma (Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.

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Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Romanian campaign (1916)

After a series of quick tactical victories on the numerically overpowered Austro-Hungarian forces in Transylvania, in the autumn of 1916, the Romanian Army suffered a series of devastating defeats, which forced the Romanian military and administration to withdraw to Western Moldavia, allowing the Central Powers to occupy two thirds of the national territory, including the state capital, Bucharest.

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Romanian revolution

The Romanian revolution (Revoluția română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world, primarily within the Eastern Bloc.

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Romanians

Romanians (români,; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a common culture and ancestry, they speak the Romanian language and live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2021 Romanian census found that 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.

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Roxana Geambasu

Roxana Geambașu is a Romanian-American computer scientist who is an associate professor of Computer Science at Columbia University.

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Russians

Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.

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Ruxandra Popa

Ruxandra Popa (born 1987 in Ploiești) is a Romanian model and beauty pageant titleholder.

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Sand

Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles.

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Save Romania Union

The Save Romania Union (Uniunea Salvați România, USR) is a centre to centre-right political party in Romania.

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Selgros

Selgros is a cash and carry chain in Europe, owned by Transgourmet Holding, a wholly owned subsidiary of Coop (Switzerland).

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Sequoiadendron giganteum

Sequoiadendron giganteum, also known as the giant sequoia, giant redwood or Sierra redwood is a coniferous tree, classified in the family Cupressaceae in the subfamily Sequoioideae.

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Serbs

The Serbs (Srbi) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history, and language.

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Sever Voinescu

Sever Voinescu (full last name Voinescu-Cotoi; at the Chamber of Deputies of Romania; retrieved January 9, 2011, in România Liberă online edition, July 18, 2011; retrieved September 24, 2011 born June 19, 1969) is a Romanian journalist, political analyst, diplomat and right-wing politician.

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Shale

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.

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Shell plc

Shell plc is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.

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Sister city

A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties.

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The Social Democratic Party (Partidul Social Democrat, PSD) is the largest political party in Romania, though in the European Parliament, it is the second largest by total number of political representatives (i.e. MEPs), after the National Liberal Party (PNL).

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The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989).

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Sonny Flame

Mihai Răzvan Preda (in Romanian) (born in Ploiești, Romania on 30 September 1986), better known by his stage name Sonny Flame, is a reggae, dance hall, and R&B Romanian singer.

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Standard Oil

Standard Oil is the common name for a corporate trust in the petroleum industry that existed from 1882 to 1911.

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Stefan Ramniceanu

Stefan Ramniceanu (born Ștefan Râmniceanu, 15 August 1954) is a Romanian painter and visual artist.

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Strategic bombing during World War II

World War II (1939–1945) involved sustained strategic bombing of railways, harbours, cities, workers' and civilian housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory. Strategic bombing as a military strategy is distinct both from close air support of ground forces and from tactical air power.

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Take Ionescu

Take or Tache Ionescu (born Dumitru Ghiță Ioan and also known as Demetriu G. Ionnescu; – 21 June 1922) was a Romanian centrist politician, journalist, lawyer and diplomat, who also enjoyed reputation as a short story author.

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Tamara Costache

Tamara Virgi Costache (born 23 July 1970) is an Olympic and former world record-holding freestyle swimmer from Romania.

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Târgșor

Târgșor is a former medieval market town in what is now Prahova County, Romania.

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Târgșoru Vechi

Târgșoru Vechi is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania.

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Târgoviște

Târgoviște (alternatively spelled Tîrgoviște) is a city and county seat in Dâmbovița County, Romania. Ploiești and Târgoviște are capitals of Romanian counties and cities in Romania.

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Teleajen

The Teleajen is a left tributary of the river Prahova in southern Romania.

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The Weather Channel

The Weather Channel (TWC) is an American pay television channel owned by Weather Group, LLC, a subsidiary of Allen Media Group.

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Timken Company

The Timken Company is a global manufacturer of bearings and power transmission products.

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Toma T. Socolescu

Toma T. Socolescu (20 July 1883 in Ploiești – 14 October 1960 in Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian architect.

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Traian Trestioreanu

Traian Trestioreanu (June 9, 1919, Ploieşti–August 28, 1972, Doicești) was a Romanian painter, sketcher and muralist.

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Tram

A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in the United States and Canada) is a type of urban rail transit consisting of either individual railcars or self-propelled multiple unit trains that run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way.

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Transport Călători Express Ploiești

Transport Călători Express (TCE) is a local government body responsible for the transport system in Ploiești, Romania.

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Transport hub

A transport hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between transport modes.

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Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

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Trolleybus

A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). British Trolleybus Systems, pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing..or trolleyDunbar, Charles S. (1967). Buses, Trolleys & Trams. Paul Hamlyn Ltd.

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Tzancă Uraganu

Andrei Velcu (born 2 December 1990), known by the stage name Tzanca Uraganul or Țancă de la Ploiești, is a Romanian manele singer of Rromani origin.

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.

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Unilever

Unilever PLC is a British multinational fast-moving consumer goods company founded on 2 September 1929 following the merger of British soap maker Lever Brothers and Dutch margarine producer Margarine Unie.

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Universal Newsreel

Universal Newsreel (sometimes known as Universal-International Newsreel or just U-I Newsreel) was a series of 7- to 10-minute newsreels that were released twice a week between 1929 and 1967 by Universal Studios.

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Urziceni

Urziceni is a city in Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania, located around north-east of Bucharest. Ploiești and Urziceni are cities in Romania.

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Vega Refinery

Vega Refinery is a Romanian oil refinery owned by Rompetrol and located in Ploiești, Prahova County.

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Vehicle registration plates of Romania

The most common format for vehicle registration plates in Romania consists of black letters on white background in the format CC 12 ABC, where CC is a two letter county code, 12 is a two digit group, and ABC is a three letter group.

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Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (lit,; Old Romanian: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploiești

Also known as Floescii, History of Ploiești, Ploesci, Ploesti, Ploesti oilfields, Ploesti, Romania, Ploeşti, Ploiesti, Ploiesti, Romania, Ploieşti, Romania, Polesti.

, Dan Ioan Popescu, Danube, Dâmbu (river), Diapir, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home, Eastern European Summer Time, Eastern European Time, Eastern Orthodox Church, Edgar Bischoff, Efes Beverage Group, Erich von Falkenhayn, Eugen Simion, Ștefan Gheorghiu (trade unionist), FC Petrolul Ploiești, Federal-Mogul, Fig, Florin Cezar Ouatu, Flysch, Fory Etterle, Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party, Gabriel Popa (painter), Geo Bogza, George Nicolescu, Germans, Geta Brătescu, Gherghița, Giurgiu, Goran Bregović, Greeks, Handball, Harbin, HarperCollins, Hîncești, Humid continental climate, Hungarians, Hydrocarbon, Ilie Crețulescu, Interbrew, Intermarché, Ioan A. Bassarabescu, Ioannis Velissariou, Ion Luca Caragiale, Ion Luca Caragiale National College (Ploiești), Ion N. Petrovici, Ionel Gherea, IPIP SA, Istrate Micescu, John Norton-Griffiths, Kaufland, Köppen climate classification, KFC, Kingdom of Romania, Laurențiu Toma, Lazăr Șăineanu, Lefkada (city), Leonard Doroftei, Lexico, Lidl, Liga Națională (women's handball), Limestone, List of cities and towns in Romania, Liviu Librescu, Lukoil, Maracaibo, Marl, Marousi, McDonald's, Mega Image, Metro AG, Michael the Brave, Mihai Drăgănescu, Mihai Ioan Botez, Miocene, Mircea Coșea, Moesian Plate, Moldavia, Municipiu, Muntenia, National Institute of Statistics (Romania), National Liberal Party (Romania), Nationalization, Nazi Germany, Nichita Stănescu, Nico (Romanian singer), Nicolae Simache, OBI (retail chain), Octavian Bellu, Oil campaign of World War II, Oil refinery, Oligocene, OMV, Operation Tidal Wave, Oral, Kazakhstan, Osijek, Oxford University Press, Paul Constantinescu, PBS, Penny Market XXL, Petre Bejan, Petre P. Negulescu, Petrobrazi Refinery, Petrochemical, Petrochemical industry in Romania, Petroleum, Petroleum industry, Petroleum trap, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, Petrom, Petrotel Lukoil Refinery, Pipeline, Pitești, Pliocene, Ploiești Art Museum, Ploiești metropolitan area, Ploiești Philharmonic Orchestra, Populus tremula, Prahova (river), Prahova County, Prahova Valley, Profi, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Radom, Radu Tudoran, Red Army, Remus Opriș, Republic of Ploiești, Resort, Roberta Anastase, Robinia pseudoacacia, Romani people, Romania, Romanian campaign (1916), Romanian revolution, Romanians, Roxana Geambasu, Russians, Ruxandra Popa, Sand, Save Romania Union, Selgros, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Serbs, Sever Voinescu, Shale, Shell plc, Sister city, Social Democratic Party (Romania), Socialist Republic of Romania, Sonny Flame, Standard Oil, Stefan Ramniceanu, Strategic bombing during World War II, Take Ionescu, Tamara Costache, Târgșor, Târgșoru Vechi, Târgoviște, Teleajen, The Weather Channel, Timken Company, Toma T. Socolescu, Traian Trestioreanu, Tram, Transport Călători Express Ploiești, Transport hub, Transylvania, Trolleybus, Tzancă Uraganu, Ukrainians, Unilever, Universal Newsreel, Urziceni, Vega Refinery, Vehicle registration plates of Romania, Wallachia, Wallachian Plain, Wanlov the Kubolor, World War I, World War II, Yazaki, 1940 Vrancea earthquake, 2011 Romanian census, 2020 Romanian local elections, 2021 Romanian census, 376th Expeditionary Operations Group, 9th Army (German Empire).

Ploiești, the Glossary

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