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Plutonism, the Glossary

Plutonism is the geologic theory that the igneous rocks forming the Earth originated from intrusive magmatic activity, with a continuing gradual process of weathering and erosion wearing away rocks, which were then deposited on the sea bed, re-formed into layers of sedimentary rock by heat and pressure, and raised again.^[1]

39 relations: Abraham Gottlob Werner, Anton Moro, Basalt, Batholith, Catastrophism, Charles Lyell, Classical mythology, Continental crust, Crustacean, Crystallization, Dalradian, Dike (geology), Diorite, Erosion, Flood, Gabbro, Geology, Georges Cuvier, Gold, Granite, Greek underworld, Igneous rock, James Hutton, John Playfair, Limestone, Magma, Metamorphism, Metasedimentary rock, Neptunism, Ore, Oxford English Dictionary, Pegmatite, Pluto (mythology), Sedimentary rock, Silver, Subduction, Theory, Uniformitarianism, Volcanism.
History of Earth science
Obsolete scientific theories

Abraham Gottlob Werner

Abraham Gottlob Werner (25 September 174930 June 1817) was a German geologist who set out an early theory about the stratification of the Earth's crust and propounded a history of the Earth that came to be known as Neptunism.

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Anton Moro

Anton Lazzaro Moro (1687 in San Vito al Tagliamento – 1764) was an Italian abbot, geologist and naturalist.

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Basalt

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon.

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Batholith

A batholith is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock (also called plutonic rock), larger than in area, that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust.

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Catastrophism

In geology, catastrophism is the theory that the Earth has largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope. Plutonism and catastrophism are history of Earth science.

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Charles Lyell

Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining the earth's history.

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Classical mythology

Classical mythology, also known as Greco-Roman mythology or Greek and Roman mythology, is the collective body and study of myths from the ancient Greeks and ancient Romans.

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Continental crust

Continental crust is the layer of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks that forms the geological continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.

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Crustacean

Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that are a part of the subphylum Crustacea, a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, opossum shrimps, amphipods and mantis shrimp.

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Crystallization

Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.

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Dalradian

The Dalradian Supergroup (informally and traditionally the Dalradian) is a stratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) in the lithostratigraphy of the Grampian Highlands of Scotland and in the north and west of Ireland.

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Dike (geology)

In geology, a dike or dyke is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body.

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Diorite

Diorite is an intrusive igneous rock formed by the slow cooling underground of magma (molten rock) that has a moderate content of silica and a relatively low content of alkali metals.

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Erosion

Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited.

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Flood

A flood is an overflow of water (or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry.

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Gabbro

Gabbro is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface.

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Geology

Geology is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time.

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Georges Cuvier

Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology".

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.

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Granite

Granite is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase.

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Greek underworld

In Greek mythology, the Greek underworld, or Hades, is a distinct realm (one of the three realms that make up the cosmos) where an individual goes after death.

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Igneous rock

Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.

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James Hutton

James Hutton (3 June O.S. 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, agriculturalist, chemical manufacturer, naturalist and physician.

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John Playfair

John Playfair FRSE, FRS (10 March 1748 – 20 July 1819) was a Church of Scotland minister, remembered as a scientist and mathematician, and a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh.

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Limestone

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.

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Magma

Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.

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Metamorphism is the transformation of existing rock (the protolith) to rock with a different mineral composition or texture.

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In geology, metasedimentary rock is a type of metamorphic rock.

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Neptunism

Neptunism is a superseded scientific theory of geology proposed by Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817) in the late 18th century, who proposed that rocks formed from the crystallisation of minerals in the early Earth's oceans. Plutonism and Neptunism are 18th century in science and history of Earth science.

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Ore

Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals concentrated above background levels, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.

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Pegmatite

A pegmatite is an igneous rock showing a very coarse texture, with large interlocking crystals usually greater in size than and sometimes greater than.

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Pluto (mythology)

In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pluto (Πλούτων) was the ruler of the Greek underworld.

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Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.

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Subduction

Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries.

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Theory

A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking.

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Uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism, also known as the Doctrine of Uniformity or the Uniformitarian Principle, is the assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in our present-day scientific observations have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe. Plutonism and Uniformitarianism are history of Earth science.

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Volcanism

Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonism

Also known as Plutonic Theory, Plutonists, Vulcanist.

Plutonism, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

History of Earth science

Obsolete scientific theories

References