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Political warfare, the Glossary

Political warfare is the use of hostile political means to compel an opponent to do one's will.^[1]

115 relations: Active measures, Active Measures Working Group, AFL-CIO, Alexander the Great, Allen Weinstein, American Journal of International Law, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Assassination, Asymmetric warfare, Botnet, Central Intelligence Agency, Chi Rho, Chiang Kai-shek, China, China's peaceful rise, Chinese Communist Party, Christian Church, Christianity, Civil war, Cold War, Common Era, Compellence, Constantine the Great, Containment, Coup d'État: A Practical Handbook, Coup d'état, Covert operation, Diplomacy, Disinformation, Economic warfare, Edward Bernays, Edward Luttwak, False flag, Firehose of falsehood, Foreign policy of the United States, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Front organization, Fu Hsing Kang College, George F. Kennan, Glossary of anarchism, Government of the Republic of China, Guerrilla marketing, Guerrilla warfare, Harry S. Truman, Harvard University, Harvard University Press, Influence-for-hire, Information warfare, Insurgency, ... Expand index (65 more) »
Psychological warfare techniques
Warfare of the late modern period

Active measures

Active measures (translit) is a term used to describe political warfare conducted by the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Political warfare and Active measures are psychological warfare techniques.

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Active Measures Working Group

The Interagency Active Measures Working Group was a group led by the United States Department of State and later by the United States Information Agency (USIA). Political warfare and Active Measures Working Group are information operations and warfare.

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AFL-CIO

The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is a national trade union center that is the largest federation of unions in the United States.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

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Allen Weinstein

Allen Weinstein (September 1, 1937 – June 18, 2015) was an American historian, educator, and federal official who served in several different offices.

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American Journal of International Law

The American Journal of International Law is an English-language scholarly journal focusing on international law and international relations.

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.

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Ancient Rome

In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

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Assassination

Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important.

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Asymmetric warfare

Asymmetric warfare (or asymmetric engagement) is a type of war between belligerents whose relative military power, strategy or tactics differ significantly. Political warfare and asymmetric warfare are warfare by type.

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Botnet

A botnet is a group of Internet-connected devices, each of which runs one or more bots.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Chi Rho

The Chi Rho (☧, English pronunciation; also known as chrismon) is one of the earliest forms of the Christogram, formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters—chi and rho (ΧΡ)—of the Greek ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (rom: Christos) in such a way that the vertical stroke of the rho intersects the center of the chi.

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Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 18875 April 1975) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and military commander.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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China's peaceful rise

"China's peaceful rise", currently referred to as "China's peaceful development", was an official policy and political slogan in China under former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao which sought to assure the international community that China's growing political, economic, and military power would not pose a threat to international peace and security.

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Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Christian Church

In ecclesiology, the Christian Church is what different Christian denominations conceive of as being the true body of Christians or the original institution established by Jesus Christ.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Common Era

Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.

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Compellence

Compellence is a form of coercion that attempts to get an actor (such as a state) to change its behavior through threats to use force or the actual use of limited force.Robert J. Art and Patrick M. Cronin, The United States and Coercive Diplomacy United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington, DC 2003 Compellence can be more clearly described as "a political-diplomatic strategy that aims to influence an adversary's will or incentive structure.

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Constantine the Great

Constantine I (27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity.

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Containment

Containment was a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.

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Coup d'État: A Practical Handbook

Coup d'État: A Practical Handbook, first published in 1968, is a book by Edward Luttwak examining the conditions, strategy, planning, and execution of coups d'état.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.

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Covert operation

A covert operation or undercover operation is a military or police operation involving a covert agent or troops acting under an assumed cover to conceal the identity of the party responsible.

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Diplomacy

Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of state, intergovernmental, or non-governmental institutions intended to influence events in the international system.

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Disinformation

Disinformation is false information deliberately spread to deceive people. Political warfare and Disinformation are psychological warfare techniques.

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Economic warfare

Economic warfare or economic war is an economic strategy utilized by belligerent states with the goal of weakening the economy of other states.

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Edward Bernays

Edward Louis Bernays (November 22, 1891 − March 9, 1995) was an American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda, and referred to in his obituary as "the father of public relations".

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Edward Luttwak

Edward Nicolae Luttwak (born 4 November 1942) is an American author known for his works on grand strategy, military strategy, geoeconomics, military history, and international relations.

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False flag

A false flag operation is an act committed with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on another party. Political warfare and false flag are psychological warfare techniques.

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Firehose of falsehood

The firehose of falsehood, also known as firehosing, is a propaganda technique in which a large number of messages are broadcast rapidly, repetitively, and continuously over multiple channels (such as news and social media) without regard for truth or consistency.

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Foreign policy of the United States

The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States of America, including all the bureaus and offices in the United States Department of State, as mentioned in the Foreign Policy Agenda of the Department of State, are "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community".

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Foreign Policy Research Institute

The Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) is an American think tank based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that conducts research on geopolitics, international relations, and international security in the various regions of the world and on ethnic conflict, U.S. national security, terrorism, and on think tanks themselves.

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Front organization

A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization, such as intelligence agencies, organized crime groups, terrorist organizations, secret societies, banned organizations, religious or political groups, advocacy groups, or corporations.

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Fu Hsing Kang College

The Political Warfare College, also known as Fu Hsing Kang College (復興崗, "Renaissance Hill"), is a military academy in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan.

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George F. Kennan

George Frost Kennan (February 16, 1904 – March 17, 2005) was an American diplomat and historian.

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Glossary of anarchism

The following is a list of terms specific to anarchists.

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Government of the Republic of China

The Government of the Republic of China, is the national authority whose actual-controlled territory consists of main island of Taiwan (Formosa), Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other island groups, collectively known as ''Taiwan Area'' or ''Free Area''.

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Guerrilla marketing

Guerrilla marketing is an advertisement strategy in which a company uses surprise and/or unconventional interactions in order to promote a product or service.

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Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces. Political warfare and Guerrilla warfare are warfare by type.

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Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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Influence-for-hire

Influence-for-hire or collective influence, refers to the economy that has emerged around buying and selling influence on social media platforms.

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Information warfare

Information warfare (IW) is the battlespace use and management of information and communication technology (ICT) in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent. Political warfare and information warfare are information operations and warfare and psychological warfare techniques.

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Insurgency

An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare against a larger authority.

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Jacques Ellul

Jacques Ellul (January 6, 1912 – May 19, 1994) was a French philosopher, sociologist, lay theologian, and professor.

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Jesus

Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Journal of Democracy

The Journal of Democracy is a quarterly academic journal established in 1990 and an official publication of the National Endowment for Democracy's International Forum for Democratic Studies.

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Journal of Global Security Studies

The Journal of Global Security Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal which aims to publish first-rate work addressing the variety of methodological, epistemological, theoretical, normative, and empirical concerns reflected in the field of global security studies, encouraging dialogue, engagement, and conversation between different parts of the field.

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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.

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Lawfare

Lawfare is the use of legal systems and institutions to damage or delegitimize an opponent, or to deter an individual's usage of their legal rights. Political warfare and Lawfare are psychological warfare.

See Political warfare and Lawfare

Low-intensity conflict

A low-intensity conflict (LIC) is a military conflict, usually localised, between two or more state or non-state groups which is below the intensity of conventional war. Political warfare and low-intensity conflict are warfare by type.

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Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Music and political warfare

Music and political warfare have been used together in many different political contexts and cultures as a way to reach a targeted audience in order to deliver a specific political message. Political warfare and Music and political warfare are information operations and warfare, psychological warfare and warfare by type.

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National Endowment for Democracy

The National Endowment for Democracy (NED) is a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization in the United States founded in 1983 with the stated aim of advancing democracy worldwide, by promoting political and economic institutions, such as political groups, trade unions, free markets, and business groups.

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National Security Act of 1947

The National Security Act of 1947 (Pub.L., 61 Stat., enacted July 26, 1947) was a law enacting major restructuring of the United States government's military and intelligence agencies following World War II.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

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Non-governmental organization

A non-governmental organization (NGO) (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government.

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Operation Trust

Operation Trust (Russian: операция "Трест", tr. Operatsiya "Trest") was a counterintelligence operation of the State Political Directorate (GPU) of the Soviet Union.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Passive revolution

Passive revolution is a transformation of the political and institutional structures without strong social processes by ruling classes for their own self-preservation.

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Paul W. Blackstock

Paul W. Blackstock (–14 August 1978) was a former US Army Intelligence officer who wrote books and articles on counterintelligence after leaving service.

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Political Warfare Bureau

The Political Warfare Bureau (GPWB) is the affiliated authority of the Ministry of National Defense (MND) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) that is responsible for all the political warfare affairs of the Republic of China Armed Forces.

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Political Warfare Executive

During World War II, the Political Warfare Executive (PWE) was a British clandestine body created to produce and disseminate both white and black propaganda, with the aim of damaging enemy morale and sustaining the morale of countries occupied or allied with Nazi Germany. Political warfare and Political Warfare Executive are psychological warfare.

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Political warfare in British colonial India

Political warfare in British colonial India aided a British minority in maintaining control over large parts of present-day India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Burma.

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Project Troy

Project Troy was a research study of psychological warfare undertaken for the Department of State by a group of scholars including physicists, historians and psychologists from Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and RAND Corporation in the fall of 1950. Political warfare and Project Troy are psychological warfare.

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Propaganda

Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented.

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Propaganda in the Soviet Union

Propaganda in the Soviet Union was the practice of state-directed communication aimed at promoting class conflict, proletarian internationalism, the goals of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the party itself.

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Psychological warfare

Psychological warfare (PSYWAR), or the basic aspects of modern psychological operations (PsyOp), has been known by many other names or terms, including Military Information Support Operations (MISO), Psy Ops, political warfare, "Hearts and Minds", and propaganda. Political warfare and psychological warfare are information operations and warfare, psychological warfare techniques, warfare by type and warfare of the late modern period.

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Public Affairs Press

Public Affairs Press (– mid-1980s) was a book publisher in Washington, D.C., owned and often edited by Morris Bartel Schnapper (1912–1999).

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Public diplomacy

In international relations, public diplomacy broadly speaking, is any of the various government-sponsored efforts aimed at communicating directly with foreign publics to establish a dialogue designed to inform and influence with the aim of building support for the state's strategic objectives.

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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is an American government-funded international media organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analyses to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.

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Radio jamming

Radio jamming is the deliberate blocking of or interference with wireless communications.

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RAND Corporation

The RAND Corporation is an American nonprofit global policy think tank, research institute, and public sector consulting firm.

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Republic of China Military Academy

The Republic of China Military Academy, also known as the Chinese Military Academy (CMA), is the service academy for the army.

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Revolution

In political science, a revolution (revolutio, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's state, class, ethnic or religious structures.

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Robert A. Doughty

Robert Allan Doughty (born November 4, 1943) is an American military historian and retired United States Army officer.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Sabotage

Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization, destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction.

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Sharp power

Sharp power is the use of manipulative diplomatic policies by one country to influence and undermine the political system of a target country.

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Signal-to-noise ratio

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise.

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A social bot, also described as a social AI or social algorithm, is a software agent that communicates autonomously on social media.

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A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors.

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Soft power

In politics (and particularly in international politics), soft power is the ability to co-opt rather than coerce (in contrast with hard power).

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Spies and Lies (Joske book)

Spies and Lies: How China's Greatest Covert Operations Fooled the World is a 2022 book written by Alex Joske which alleges that the west has been negligent of expansive Chinese government influence and foreign espionage efforts.

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Stalinism

Stalinism is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin.

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Subversion

Subversion refers to a process by which the values and principles of a system in place are contradicted or reversed in an attempt to sabotage the established social order and its structures of power, authority, tradition, hierarchy, and social norms.

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Sun Tzu

Sun Tzu (p) was a Chinese military general, strategist, philosopher, and writer who lived during the Eastern Zhou period (771–256 BC).

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Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925),Singtao daily.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

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The Art of War

The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the late Spring and Autumn period (roughly 5th century BC).

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The Journal of International Security Affairs

The Journal of International Security Affairs is an American electronic journal on international relations and U.S. foreign and defense policy published twice annually by the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs.

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The KGB and Soviet Disinformation

The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View is a 1983 non-fiction book by Lawrence Martin-Bittman (then known as Ladislav Bittman), a former intelligence officer specializing in disinformation for the Czech Intelligence Service and retired professor of disinformation at Boston University. Political warfare and the KGB and Soviet Disinformation are psychological warfare techniques.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Three warfares

"Three warfares" (Chinese: 三战 or 三种战法, pinyin:; also translated as 'three tactics') is an official political and information non-kinetic warfare strategy of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) employing media or public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare (also termed lawfare).

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Tottori Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu.

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Trojan Horse

In Greek mythology, the Trojan Horse was a wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks during the Trojan War to enter the city of Troy and win the war.

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Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine is an American foreign policy that pledges American "support for democracies against authoritarian threats." The doctrine originated with the primary goal of countering the growth of the Soviet bloc during the Cold War.

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Unconventional warfare

Unconventional warfare (UW) is broadly defined as "military and quasi-military operations other than conventional warfare" and may use covert forces or actions such as subversion, diversion, sabotage, espionage, biowarfare, sanctions, propaganda or guerrilla warfare. Political warfare and Unconventional warfare are warfare by type.

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United Front Work Department

The United Front Work Department (UFWD) is a department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tasked with "united front work." It gathers intelligence on, manages relations with, and attempts to gain influence over elite individuals and organizations inside and outside mainland China, including in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and in other countries.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.

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United States National Security Council

The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters.

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Useful idiot

A useful idiot or useful fool is a pejorative description of a person, suggesting that the person thinks they are fighting for a cause without fully comprehending the consequences of their actions, and who does not realize they are being cynically manipulated by the cause's leaders or by other political players.

See Political warfare and Useful idiot

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_warfare

Also known as Gray propaganda, Grey propaganda, Influence operations, Political war.

, Jacques Ellul, Jesus, Journal of Democracy, Journal of Global Security Studies, Kuomintang, Lawfare, Low-intensity conflict, Marshall Plan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Music and political warfare, National Endowment for Democracy, National Security Act of 1947, NATO, Non-governmental organization, Operation Trust, Oxford University Press, Passive revolution, Paul W. Blackstock, Political Warfare Bureau, Political Warfare Executive, Political warfare in British colonial India, Project Troy, Propaganda, Propaganda in the Soviet Union, Psychological warfare, Public Affairs Press, Public diplomacy, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio jamming, RAND Corporation, Republic of China Military Academy, Revolution, Robert A. Doughty, Ronald Reagan, Sabotage, Sharp power, Signal-to-noise ratio, Social bot, Social network, Soft power, Soviet Union, Spies and Lies (Joske book), Stalinism, Subversion, Sun Tzu, Sun Yat-sen, Taiwan, The Art of War, The Journal of International Security Affairs, The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, The Washington Post, Three warfares, Tottori Prefecture, Trojan Horse, Truman Doctrine, Unconventional warfare, United Front Work Department, United States Department of State, United States National Security Council, Useful idiot, Voice of America, War of ideas, World War II, Yale Law School, Yurihama, Tottori.

Political warfare, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Psychological warfare techniques

Warfare of the late modern period

References