Politics of China, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 229 relations: All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, All-China Federation of Trade Unions, American Journal of Sociology, American Political Science Review, Annual Review of Political Science, ASEAN, Asia Society, Associated Press, Australia, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Authoritarianism, BBC News, Beijing, Belgrade, Belt and Road Initiative, Bhutan, Bloomberg News, Bloomsbury Publishing, Bourgeoisie, British Journal of Political Science, Brookings Institution, Cambridge University Press, Censorship in China, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Central Military Commission (China), Chamber of commerce, China, China and the United Nations, China Perspectives, China Today, China's peaceful rise, China–Japan relations, Chinese Communist Party, Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary, Chinese Dream, Chinese economic reform, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Civil society, CNBC, CNN, Collective action, Columbia University Press, Communist state, Communist Youth League of China, Comparative Political Studies, Constituent departments of the State Council, Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Constitutional monarchy, Council on Foreign Relations, ... Expand index (179 more) »

All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce

The All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC), also called the All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce (ACCIC) is a people's organization and chamber of commerce, established in 1953 as a successor to the chambers of commerce that were first founded during the Qing dynasty.

See Politics of China and All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce

All-China Federation of Trade Unions

The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) is the national trade union center and people's organization of the People's Republic of China.

See Politics of China and All-China Federation of Trade Unions

American Journal of Sociology

The American Journal of Sociology is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly academic journal that publishes original research and book reviews in the field of sociology and related social sciences.

See Politics of China and American Journal of Sociology

American Political Science Review

The American Political Science Review (APSR) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all areas of political science.

See Politics of China and American Political Science Review

Annual Review of Political Science

Annual Review of Political Science is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Annual Reviews, covering significant developments in the field of political science, including political theory and philosophy, international relations, political economy, political behavior, American and comparative politics, public administration and policy, and methodology.

See Politics of China and Annual Review of Political Science

ASEAN

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly abbreviated as ASEAN, is a political and economic union of 10 states in Southeast Asia.

See Politics of China and ASEAN

Asia Society

The Asia Society is a 501(c)(3) organization that focuses on educating the world about Asia.

See Politics of China and Asia Society

Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

See Politics of China and Associated Press

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

See Politics of China and Australia

Australian Strategic Policy Institute

The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) is a defence and strategic policy think tank based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, founded by the Australian government, and funded by the Australian Department of Defence along with overseas governments, and defence and technology companies.

See Politics of China and Australian Strategic Policy Institute

Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.

See Politics of China and Authoritarianism

BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

See Politics of China and BBC News

Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

See Politics of China and Beijing

Belgrade

Belgrade.

See Politics of China and Belgrade

Belt and Road Initiative

--> The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI or B&R), known in China as the One Belt One Road and sometimes referred to as the New Silk Road, is a global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the Chinese government in 2013 to invest in more than 150 countries and international organizations.

See Politics of China and Belt and Road Initiative

Bhutan

Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked country in South Asia situated in the Eastern Himalayas between China in the north and India in the south.

See Politics of China and Bhutan

Bloomberg News

Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.

See Politics of China and Bloomberg News

Bloomsbury Publishing

Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie are a class of business owners and merchants which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between peasantry and aristocracy.

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British Journal of Political Science

British Journal of Political Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of political science.

See Politics of China and British Journal of Political Science

Brookings Institution

The Brookings Institution, often stylized as Brookings, is an American think tank that conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics (and tax policy), metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, global economy, and economic development.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Censorship in China

Censorship in the People's Republic of China is mandated by the PRC's ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

See Politics of China and Censorship in China

Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) is the highest supervisory organ of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

See Politics of China and Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest organ when the national congress is not in session and is tasked with carrying out congress resolutions, directing all party work, and representing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) externally.

See Politics of China and Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

Central Military Commission (China)

The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest national defense organization in the People's Republic of China, which heads the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police (PAP), and the Militia of China.

See Politics of China and Central Military Commission (China)

Chamber of commerce

A chamber of commerce, or board of trade, is a form of business network.

See Politics of China and Chamber of commerce

China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

See Politics of China and China

China and the United Nations

China is one of the members of the United Nations and is one of five permanent members of its Security Council.

See Politics of China and China and the United Nations

China Perspectives

China Perspectives (Perspectives chinoises) is an academic quarterly launched in 1995 by the French Centre for Research on Contemporary China (CEFC) and published in Hong Kong.

See Politics of China and China Perspectives

China Today

China Today, until 1990 titled China Reconstructs, is a monthly magazine founded in 1952 by Soong Ching-ling in association with Israel Epstein.

See Politics of China and China Today

China's peaceful rise

"China's peaceful rise", currently referred to as "China's peaceful development", was an official policy and political slogan in China under former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao which sought to assure the international community that China's growing political, economic, and military power would not pose a threat to international peace and security.

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China–Japan relations

China–Japan relations or Sino-Japanese relations (translit) are the bilateral relations between China and Japan.

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Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

See Politics of China and Chinese Communist Party

Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary

A Party Committee Secretary is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organization in a province, city, village, or other administrative unit.

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Chinese Dream

The Chinese Dream, also called the China Dream, is a term closely associated with Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and China's paramount leader.

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Chinese economic reform

The Chinese economic reform or Chinese economic miracle, also known domestically as reform and opening-up, refers to a variety of economic reforms termed "socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "socialist market economy" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that began in the late 20th century, after Mao Zedong's death in 1976.

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Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s united front system.

See Politics of China and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

Civil society

Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere.

See Politics of China and Civil society

CNBC

CNBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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Collective action

Collective action refers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their condition and achieve a common objective.

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Columbia University Press

Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.

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Communist state

A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology.

See Politics of China and Communist state

Communist Youth League of China

The Communist Youth League of China (CYLC), also known as the Young Communist League of China or simply the Communist Youth League (CYL), is a people's organization of the People's Republic of China for youth between the ages of 14 and 28, run by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

See Politics of China and Communist Youth League of China

Comparative Political Studies

Comparative Political Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal.

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Constituent departments of the State Council

The constituent departments of the State Council are the principal units of State Council of the People's Republic of China.

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Constitution of the People's Republic of China

The Constitution of the People's Republic of China is the supreme law of the People's Republic of China.

See Politics of China and Constitution of the People's Republic of China

Constitutional monarchy

Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.

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Council on Foreign Relations

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations.

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Cultural genocide

Cultural genocide or culturicide is a concept described by Polish lawyer Raphael Lemkin in 1944, in the same book that coined the term genocide.

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De jure

In law and government, de jure describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.

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Democracy in Asia

Democracy in Asia can be comparatively assessed according to various definitions of democracy.

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Democracy Party of China

The China Democracy Party (CDP), also known as the Democracy Party of China (DPC), is a political party that started in the People's Republic of China, and was banned by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

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Democratic centralism

Democratic centralism is the organisational principle of communist states and of most communist parties to reach dictatorship of the proletariat.

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Demographics of China

China is the second most populous country in Asia as well as the second most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion.

See Politics of China and Demographics of China

Der Spiegel

(stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

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Deutsche Welle

("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.

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Direct election

Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they wanted to see elected.

See Politics of China and Direct election

Direct-controlled municipality

A direct-controlled municipality is the highest level classification for cities used by unitary states, with status equal to that of the provinces in the respective countries.

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East Asia Forum

East Asia Forum (EAF) is an English-language international policy forum directed by Peter Drysdale and based at the Australian National University's Crawford School of Public Policy.

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East Asia Summit

The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a regional forum held annually by leaders of, initially, 16 countries in the East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian and Oceanian regions, based on the ASEAN Plus Six mechanism.

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East China Sea

The East China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China.

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Ethnic minorities in China

Ethnic minorities in China are the non-Han population in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

See Politics of China and Ethnic minorities in China

Ethnocide

Ethnocide is the extermination or destruction of ethnic identities.

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Eurasianet

Eurasianet is an independent news organisation based at Columbia University's Harriman Institute, the United States, that provides news, information and analysis on countries in Central Asia, the Caucasus region, Russia and Southwest Asia.

See Politics of China and Eurasianet

Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district/national capital of Washington, D.C., where most of the federal government is based.

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Figurehead

In politics, a figurehead is a practice of who de jure (in name or by law) appears to hold an important and often supremely powerful title or office, yet de facto (in reality) exercises little to no actual power.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs.

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Free trade area

A free trade area is the region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free trade agreement (FTA).

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Freedom House

Freedom House is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, political freedom, and human rights.

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General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party

The General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

See Politics of China and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party

Genocide

Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.

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Geography of China

China has great physical diversity.

See Politics of China and Geography of China

Geography of Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is an island country in East Asia.

See Politics of China and Geography of Taiwan

German Institute for Global and Area Studies

The German Institute for Global and Area Studies (German: Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien), also known as GIGA, is a German research institute.

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Government of China

The government of the People's Republic of China is based on a system of people's congress within the parameters of a unitary communist state, in which the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) enacts its policies through people's congresses.

See Politics of China and Government of China

Government-organized non-governmental organization

A government-organized non-governmental organization (GONGO) is a non-governmental organization that was set up or sponsored by a government in order to further its political interests and mimic the civic groups and civil society at home, or promote its international or geopolitical interests abroad.

See Politics of China and Government-organized non-governmental organization

Great Hall of the People

The Great Hall of the People is a state building located at the western edge of Tiananmen Square in Xicheng, Beijing.

See Politics of China and Great Hall of the People

Hainan Island incident

The Hainan Island incident was a ten-day international incident between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) that resulted from a mid-air collision between a United States Navy EP-3E ARIES II signals intelligence aircraft and a Chinese Air Force J-8II interceptor on April 1, 2001.

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Han Chinese

The Han Chinese or the Han people, or colloquially known as the Chinese are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China.

See Politics of China and Han Chinese

Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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He Weidong

He Weidong (born May 1957) is a general (shangjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) who is currently the second-ranked vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and member of the 20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.

See Politics of China and He Weidong

Head of government

In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.

See Politics of China and Head of government

Head of state

A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.

See Politics of China and Head of state

Highest organ of state power

The highest organ of state power is the representative organ in communist states that functions as the sole branch of government according to the principle of unified power.

See Politics of China and Highest organ of state power

Historical negationism

Historical negationism, also called historical denialism, is falsification or distortion of the historical record.

See Politics of China and Historical negationism

Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

See Politics of China and Hong Kong

Hoover Institution

The Hoover Institution (officially The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace) is an American public policy think tank which promotes personal and economic liberty, free enterprise, and limited government.

See Politics of China and Hoover Institution

House of Commons of Canada

The House of Commons of Canada (Chambre des communes du Canada) is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada.

See Politics of China and House of Commons of Canada

Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

See Politics of China and India

International Civil Aviation Organization

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.

See Politics of China and International Civil Aviation Organization

International Consortium of Investigative Journalists

The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Inc. (ICIJ), is an independent global network of 280 investigative journalists and over 140 media organizations spanning more than 100 countries.

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Internet in China

China has been on the Internet intermittently since May 1989 and on a permanent basis since 20 April 1994, although with heavily censored access.

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Japanese history textbook controversies

Japanese history textbook controversies involve controversial content in government-approved history textbooks used in the secondary education (junior high schools and high schools) of Japan.

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Japanese war crimes

During its imperial era, the Empire of Japan committed numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity across various Asian-Pacific nations, notably during the Second Sino-Japanese and Pacific Wars.

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Jürgen Habermas

Jürgen Habermas (born 18 June 1929) is a German philosopher and social theorist in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism.

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Jiang Zemin

Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003.

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Johns Hopkins University Press

Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.

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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.

See Politics of China and Kazakhstan

Kosovo War

The Kosovo War (Lufta e Kosovës; Kosovski rat) was an armed conflict in Kosovo that lasted from 28 February 1998 until 11 June 1999.

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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.

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Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.

See Politics of China and Kyrgyzstan

Leading Small Group

A Leading Small Group, also translated as a "Central Leading Group" or "Leadership Small Group," is a body of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) charged with decision-making on major functional issue areas.

See Politics of China and Leading Small Group

Li Qiang

Li Qiang (born July 1959) is a Chinese politician.

See Politics of China and Li Qiang

Li Qiang Government

The Li Qiang Government, officially the 14th State Council of the People's Republic of China, is the Central People's Government of China from 2023.

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Liberalization

Liberalization or liberalisation (British English) is a broad term that refers to the practice of making laws, systems, or opinions less severe, usually in the sense of eliminating certain government regulations or restrictions.

See Politics of China and Liberalization

List of mayors of Shanghai

The mayor of Shanghai, officially the Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, is the head of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government.

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List of political parties in China

The People's Republic of China is a one-party state ruled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

See Politics of China and List of political parties in China

Liu Jinguo

Liu Jinguo (born April 1955) is a Chinese politician and public security official who is the current director of the National Supervisory Commission and a secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party.

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Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)

Liu Qi (born September 1957) is a Chinese politician who is currently the secretary-general of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

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Macau

Macau or Macao is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

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Mainland China

Mainland China is the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War.

See Politics of China and Mainland China

Maoist Communist Party of China

The Maoist Communist Party of China (MCPC) is an underground communist party in China adhering to Marxism–Leninism–Maoism.

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Modern Asian Studies

Modern Asian Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Asian studies, published by Cambridge University Press.

See Politics of China and Modern Asian Studies

Nanjing Massacre

The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as Nanking) was the mass murder of Chinese civilians in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanking and the retreat of the National Revolutionary Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War, by the Imperial Japanese Army.

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National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

The National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (literally: Chinese Communist Party National Representatives Congress) is a party congress that is held every five years.

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National Emblem of the People's Republic of China

The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China is a national symbol of the People's Republic of China and contains in a red circle a representation of Tiananmen Gate, the entrance gate to the Forbidden City, where Mao Zedong declared the foundation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949.

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National People's Congress

The National People's Congress (NPC) is the highest organ of state power of the People's Republic of China.

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National Supervisory Commission

The National Commission of Supervision is the highest supervisory and anti-corruption authority of the People's Republic of China.

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Naturalization

Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-national of a country acquires the nationality of that country after birth.

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Nature Sustainability

Nature Sustainability is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio.

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New Democracy Party of China

The New Democracy Party of China (NDPC) is a political party that started in the People's Republic of China, and is banned by the Chinese government.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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New Zhijiang Army

The New Zhijiang Army, also known as the Xi Jinping faction, is a term used by observers to represent political figures in the Chinese Communist Party who are closely related to CCP general secretary Xi Jinping, most prominently those who held important provincial and local posts during Xi Jinping's term as Communist Party Secretary of Zhejiang province.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is a weekly news magazine.

See Politics of China and Newsweek

Non-governmental organization

A non-governmental organization (NGO) (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government.

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North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.

See Politics of China and North Korea

One China

One China is a phrase describing the international relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC), situated on the Chinese Mainland, and the Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan.

See Politics of China and One China

One-party state

A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Paramount leader

Paramount leader is an informal term for the most important political figure in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Parliamentary republic

A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament).

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People's democratic dictatorship

People's democratic dictatorship is a phrase incorporated into the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party.

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People's organization

People's organization is a generic term for organizations in the People's Republic of China excluding governments, the official departments of government, and state-owned enterprises or institutions, yet are recognized to be a part of Chinese Communist Party's united front.

See Politics of China and People's organization

Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five sovereign states to whom the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States.

See Politics of China and Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council

Phys.org

Phys.org is an online science, research and technology news aggregator offering briefs from press releases and reports from news agencies.

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Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party

The Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest political body of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

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Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

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Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun

Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun is a phrase which was coined by Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong.

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Politics of Hong Kong

The politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by its quasi-constitutional document, the Hong Kong Basic Law, its own legislature, the Chief Executive as the head of government and of the Special Administrative Region and of a politically constrained multi-party presidential system.

See Politics of China and Politics of Hong Kong

Politics of Macau

Politics of Macau is a framework of a politically constrained multi-party presidential system, dominated by the People's Republic of China.

See Politics of China and Politics of Macau

Premier of China

The premier of China, officially titled the premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, is the head of government of China and leader of the State Council.

See Politics of China and Premier of China

President of China

The president of China, officially titled the president of the People's Republic of China, is the state representative of the People's Republic of China, which on its own is a ceremonial office and has no real power in China's political system.

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Presidium of the National People's Congress

The Presidium of the National People's Congress is the presiding body of the National People's Congress when it is in session.

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Princeton School of Public and International Affairs

The Princeton School of Public and International Affairs (formerly the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs) is a professional public policy school at Princeton University.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Proclamation of the People's Republic of China

The proclamation of the People's Republic of China was made by Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), on October 1, 1949, in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

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Project Syndicate

Project Syndicate is an international media organization that publishes and syndicates commentary and analysis on a variety of global topics.

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Public sphere

The public sphere (Öffentlichkeit) is an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action.

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Qiushi

Qiushi is the leading official theoretical journal and news magazine of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), published bi-monthly by the Central Party School and the Central Committee.

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Quartz (publication)

Quartz is an American English language news website owned by G/O Media.

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Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Science and technology in China

Science and technology in China have developed rapidly since the 1980s to the 2020s, with major scientific and technological progress over the last four decades.

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Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party

The Secretariat, officially the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a body serving the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s Politburo and Standing Committee.

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Shanghai

Shanghai is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China.

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Shanghai clique

The Shanghai clique, also referred to as the Shanghai gang, Jiang clique, or Jiang faction, refers to an informal group of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials who rose to prominence under former CCP General Secretary Jiang Zemin while he served as the party chief and mayor of Shanghai.

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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001.

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Sinicization

Sinicization, sinofication, sinification, or sinonization (from the prefix, 'Chinese, relating to China') is the process by which non-Chinese societies or groups are acculturated or assimilated into Chinese culture or society, particularly the language, societal norms, culture, and ethnic identity of the Han Chinese—the largest ethnic group of China.

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Sino-Indian War

The Sino–Indian War, also known as the China–India War or the Indo–China War, was an armed conflict between China and India that took place from October to November 1962.

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Sino-Soviet border conflict

The Sino-Soviet border conflict was a seven-month undeclared military conflict between the Soviet Union and China in 1969, following the Sino-Soviet split.

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Sino-Vietnamese War

The Sino-Vietnamese War (also known by other names) was a brief conflict that occurred in early 1979 between China and Vietnam.

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South China Morning Post

The South China Morning Post (SCMP), with its Sunday edition, the Sunday Morning Post, is a Hong Kong-based English-language newspaper owned by Alibaba Group.

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South China Sea

The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean.

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Special administrative regions of China

The special administrative regions (SAR) of the People's Republic of China are one of four types of province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China directly under the control of its Central People's Government (State Council), being integral areas of the country.

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Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC), the national legislature of the People's Republic of China.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Stanford University Press

Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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State Council Information Office

The State Council Information Office (SCIO) is the chief information office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China and an external name of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.

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State Council of the People's Republic of China

The State Council of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Central People's Government, is the chief administrative authority and the national cabinet of China.

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State-owned enterprises of China

A state-owned enterprise of China (Chinese: 国有企业) is a legal entity that undertakes commercial activities on behalf of an owner government.

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Supreme People's Court

The Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China (SPC) is the highest court of the People's Republic of China.

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Supreme People's Procuratorate

The Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China (SPP) is the highest national agency responsible for legal prosecution and prosecutorial investigation in China.

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System of people's congress

The system of people's congress under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the form of government of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and is based on the principle of unified power, in which all state powers are vested in the National People's Congress (NPC).

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Taipei

Taipei, officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of Taiwan.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia.

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Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China

This article is about territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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The China Quarterly

The China Quarterly (CQ) is a British triple-anonymous peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1960 on contemporary China including Taiwan.

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The Economist

The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Tuanpai

The Tuanpai, or Youth League Faction, is a term used by political observers and analysts to describe an informal political faction in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which includes cadres and government officials who originated from the Communist Youth League.

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Unicameralism

Unicameralism (from uni- "one" + Latin camera "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one.

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Unified power

Unified power is the political power principle of communist states, whereby political power, instead of being separated into different branches as Montesquieu called for, is unified, in the state's case, in the highest organ of state power and in the communist party's case, in congress.

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United front (China)

The united front is a political strategy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) involving networks of groups and key individuals that are influenced or controlled by the CCP and used to advance its interests.

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United Front Work Department

The United Front Work Department (UFWD) is a department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tasked with "united front work." It gathers intelligence on, manages relations with, and attempts to gain influence over elite individuals and organizations inside and outside mainland China, including in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and in other countries.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ.

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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 (XXVI)

The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 (also known as the Resolution on Admitting Peking) was passed in response to the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1668 that required any change in China's representation in the UN be determined by a two-thirds vote referring to Article 18 of the UN Charter.

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United Nations Industrial Development Organization

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French: Organisation des Nations unies pour le développement industriel; French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in economic and industrial development.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

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United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is a standing committee of the U.S. Senate charged with leading foreign-policy legislation and debate in the Senate.

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United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission

The United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission (informally, the U.S.–China Commission, USCC) is an independent commission of the United States government legislative branch.

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Uyghurs

The Uyghurs, alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia.

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Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.

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V-Dem Democracy Indices

The Democracy Indices by V-Dem are democracy indices published by the V-Dem Institute that describe qualities of different democracies.

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Vice Premier of China

The vice premiers of the State Council of the People's Republic of China are high-ranking officials under the premier and above the state councillors and ministers.

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Weiquan movement

The Weiquan movement is a non-centralized group of lawyers, legal experts, and intellectuals in China who seek to protect and defend the civil rights of the citizenry through litigation and legal activism.

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Whole-process people's democracy

Whole-process people's democracy, formerly termed whole-process democracy, is a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) political concept describing the people's participation in, and relationship to, governance under socialism with Chinese characteristics.

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Wiley (publisher)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.

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Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (WWICS) or Wilson Center is a Washington, D.C.-based think tank named for former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.

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World Values Survey

The World Values Survey (WVS) is a global research project that explores people's values and beliefs, how they change over time, and what social and political impact they have.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Xi Jinping

Xi Jinping (or often;, pronounced; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus the paramount leader of China, since 2012.

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Xiao Pei

Xiao Pei (born January 1961) is a Chinese editor and politician who is the current deputy director of the National Supervisory Commission and deputy secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

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Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation),J.

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Xinjiang

Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.

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Xinjiang internment camps

The Xinjiang internment camps, officially called vocational education and training centers (w) by the government of China, are internment camps operated by the government of Xinjiang and the Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.

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Yasukuni Shrine

is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo.

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Ying Yong

Ying Yong (born 17 November 1957) is a Chinese politician and lawyer who is currently serving as the Prosecutor-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

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Yu Hongqiu

Yu Hongqiu (born October 1960) is a Chinese politician, serving since 2021 as vice chairperson of the National Supervisory Commission and deputy secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

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Zhang Jun (politician)

Zhang Jun (born October 1956) is a Chinese lawyer and politician, who is currently the chief justice and president of the Supreme People's Court.

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Zhang Youxia

Zhang Youxia (born July 1950) is a Chinese general in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and currently the first-ranked Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC).

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Zhao Leji

Zhao Leji (born 8 March 1957) is a Chinese politician who is the current chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the third-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

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Zhongnanhai

Zhongnanhai is a compound that houses the offices of and serves as a residence for the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the State Council.

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14th Dalai Lama

The 14th Dalai Lama (spiritual name: Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, also known as Tenzin Gyatso;; born 6 July 1935) is, as the incumbent Dalai Lama, the highest spiritual leader and head of Tibetan Buddhism.

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1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

The Tiananmen Square protests, known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China, lasting from 15 April to 4 June 1989.

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2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship

The Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation (FCT) is a twenty-year strategic treaty that was signed by Jiang Zemin of China and Vladimir Putin of Russia, on July 16, 2001.

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20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

The 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), commonly referred to as Èrshí Dà, was held in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing from 16 to 22 October 2022.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_China

Also known as China's political system, Chinese Politics, Chinese dictatorship, Chinese political system, Chinese politician, Civil society in China, Peoples Republic of China/Government, Political problems of China, Political system of China, Political system of the People's Republic of China, Politics in China, Politics of PRC, Politics of People's Republic of China, Politics of the PRC, Politics of the People's Republic of China, Prc politics, The politics of the People's Republic of China.

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