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Progressive collapse, the Glossary

Progressive collapse is the process where a primary structural element fails, resulting in the failure of adjoining structural elements, which in turn causes further structural failure.^[1]

81 relations: Aberdeen, Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, Applied element method, Bangladesh, Beam (structure), Bridgeport, Connecticut, Building implosion, Cascading failure, Civic Tower (Pavia), Collapse of Hotel New World, Collapse of the World Trade Center, Compartmentalization (fire protection), Condominium, Creep (deformation), Demolition, Earthquake, Erosion, Extreme Loading for Structures, Fairfax County, Virginia, Gas explosion, Germany, Girder, Goch, Gusset plate, I-35W Mississippi River bridge, International Code Council, Iran, Italy, Kader Toy Factory fire, L'Ambiance Plaza collapse, Large panel system building, Lift slab construction, Little India, Singapore, Load-bearing wall, London, Madrid, Minneapolis, Nakhon Pathom, National Institute of Standards and Technology, New York City, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City bombing, Oscillation, Pavia, Plasco Building, Rana Plaza collapse, Reinforced concrete, Ronan Point, Sampoong Department Store collapse, ... Expand index (31 more) »

Aberdeen

Aberdeen (Aiberdeen,; Obar Dheathain; Aberdonia) is a city in North East Scotland, and is the third most populous Scottish city.

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Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building

The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States federal government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

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The applied element method (AEM) is a numerical analysis used in predicting the continuum and discrete behavior of structures. Progressive collapse and applied element method are structural engineering.

See Progressive collapse and Applied element method

Bangladesh

Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.

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Beam (structure)

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally across the beam's axis (an element designed to carry a load pushing parallel to its axis would be a strut or column).

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Bridgeport, Connecticut

Bridgeport is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Connecticut and the fifth-most populous city in New England, with a population of 148,654 in 2020.

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Building implosion

In the controlled demolition industry, building implosion is the strategic placing of explosive material and timing of its detonation so that a structure collapses on itself in a matter of seconds, minimizing the physical damage to its immediate surroundings.

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Cascading failure

A cascading failure is a failure in a system of interconnected parts in which the failure of one or few parts leads to the failure of other parts, growing progressively as a result of positive feedback.

See Progressive collapse and Cascading failure

Civic Tower (Pavia)

The Civic Tower (Italian: Torre Civica) was a tower built in the Italian city of Pavia in the 11th century, next to Pavia Cathedral.

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Collapse of Hotel New World

The collapse of the Hotel New World was a civil disaster that occurred in Singapore on 15 March 1986.

See Progressive collapse and Collapse of Hotel New World

Collapse of the World Trade Center

The World Trade Center in New York City collapsed on September 11, 2001, as result of the al-Qaeda attacks.

See Progressive collapse and Collapse of the World Trade Center

Compartmentalization (fire protection)

Compartmentalization in structures, such as land-based buildings, traffic tunnels, ships, aerospace vehicles, or submarines, is an objective of passive fire protection, in which a structure is divided into fire compartments, which may contain single or multiple rooms, for the purpose of limiting the spread of fire, smoke and flue gases, in order to enable the three goals of fire protection.

See Progressive collapse and Compartmentalization (fire protection)

Condominium

A condominium (or condo for short) is an ownership regime in which a building (or group of buildings) is divided into multiple units that are either each separately owned, or owned in common with exclusive rights of occupation by individual owners.

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Creep (deformation)

In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses.

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Demolition

Demolition (also known as razing, cartage, and wrecking) is the science and engineering in safely and efficiently tearing down buildings and other artificial structures.

See Progressive collapse and Demolition

Earthquake

An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

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Erosion

Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited.

See Progressive collapse and Erosion

Extreme Loading for Structures

Extreme Loading for Structures (ELS) is commercial structural-analysis software based on the applied element method (AEM) for the automatic tracking and propagation of cracks, separation of elements, element collision, and collapse of structures under extreme loads.

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Fairfax County, Virginia

Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

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Gas explosion

A gas explosion is the ignition of a mixture of air and flammable gas, typically from a gas leak.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Girder

A girder is a beam used in construction.

See Progressive collapse and Girder

Goch

Goch (archaic spelling: Gog; i) is a town in the Kleve district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, close to the border with the Netherlands, south of Kleve and southeast of Nijmegen.

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Gusset plate

Gusset plate is a plate for connecting beams and girders to columns.

See Progressive collapse and Gusset plate

I-35W Mississippi River bridge

The I-35W Mississippi River bridge (officially known as Bridge 9340) was an eight-lane, steel truss arch bridge that carried Interstate 35W across the Mississippi River one-half mile (875 m) downstream from the Saint Anthony Falls in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.

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International Code Council

The International Code Council (ICC) is an American nonprofit standards organization, sponsored by the building trades, which was founded in 1994 through the merger of three regional model code organizations in the American construction industry.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Kader Toy Factory fire

The Kader Toy Factory fire occurred on 10 May 1993 at a factory in Thailand.

See Progressive collapse and Kader Toy Factory fire

L'Ambiance Plaza collapse

The L'Ambiance Plaza collapse was one of the worst disasters in modern Connecticut history.

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Large panel system building

The large panel system building is a building constructed of large, prefabricated concrete slabs.

See Progressive collapse and Large panel system building

Lift slab construction

Lift slab construction (also called the Youtz-Slick Method) is a method of constructing concrete buildings by casting the floor or roof slab on top of the previous slab and then raising (jacking) the slab up with hydraulic jacks.

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Little India, Singapore

Little India (லிட்டில் இந்தியா) is an ethnic district in Singapore.

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Load-bearing wall

A load-bearing wall or bearing wall is a wall that is an active structural element of a building, which holds the weight of the elements above it, by conducting its weight to a foundation structure below it.

See Progressive collapse and Load-bearing wall

London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.

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Minneapolis

Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota.

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Nakhon Pathom

Nakhon Pathom (นครปฐม) is a city (thesaban nakhon) in central Thailand, the former capital of Nakhon Pathom province.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce whose mission is to promote American innovation and industrial competitiveness.

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New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Choctaw: Oklahumma) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Oklahoma City

Oklahoma City, officially the City of Oklahoma City, and often shortened to OKC, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Oklahoma City bombing

The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, on April 19, 1995, the second anniversary of the end to the Waco siege.

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Oscillation

Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.

See Progressive collapse and Oscillation

Pavia

Pavia (Ticinum; Papia) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, in Northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino near its confluence with the Po.

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Plasco Building

The Plasco Building (Sâxtmâne Plâskô) is a 20-story high-rise (5 floors below and 15 floors above ground) landmark building in Tehran, the capital city of Iran.

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Rana Plaza collapse

The Rana Plaza collapse (also referred to as the Savar building collapse or the collapse of Rana Plaza) was a structural failure that occurred on 24 April 2013 in the Savar Upazila of Dhaka District, Bangladesh, where an eight-storey commercial building called Rana Plaza collapsed.

See Progressive collapse and Rana Plaza collapse

Reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. Progressive collapse and reinforced concrete are structural engineering.

See Progressive collapse and Reinforced concrete

Ronan Point

Ronan Point was a 22-storey tower block in Canning Town in Newham, East London, that partly collapsed on 16 May 1968, only two months after it had opened.

See Progressive collapse and Ronan Point

Sampoong Department Store collapse

On June 29, 1995, the Sampoong Department Store (삼풍백화점; Hanja: 三豐百貨店) in Seoul, South Korea, collapsed due to a structural failure.

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Savar Upazila

Savar (সাভার) is an upazila of Dhaka District in the division of Dhaka, Bangladesh and is located at a distance of about 24 kilometers (15 mi) to the northwest of Dhaka city.

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Scotland

Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Seoul

Seoul, officially Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest city of South Korea.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001.

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Shoring

Shoring is the process of temporarily supporting a building, vessel, structure, or trench with shores (props) when in danger of collapse or during repairs or alterations.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia.

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Skyline Towers collapse

On March 2, 1973, the 26-story Skyline Plaza condominium building, under construction in Bailey's Crossroads in Fairfax County, Virginia, collapsed, killing 14 construction workers and injuring 35 others.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Spandrel

A spandrel is a roughly triangular space, usually found in pairs, between the top of an arch and a rectangular frame, between the tops of two adjacent arches, or one of the four spaces between a circle within a square.

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St Mark's Campanile

St Mark's Campanile (Campanile di San Marco) is the bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy.

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Steel frame

Steel frame is a building technique with a "skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame.

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Stonemasonry

Stonemasonry or stonecraft is the creation of buildings, structures, and sculpture using stone as the primary material.

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Structural integrity and failure

Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs. Progressive collapse and structural integrity and failure are structural engineering.

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Structural load

A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. Progressive collapse and structural load are structural engineering.

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Structural robustness

Robustness is the ability of a structure to withstand events like fire, explosions, impact or the consequences of human error, without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the original causeas defined in EN 1991-1-7 of the Accidental Actions Eurocode. Progressive collapse and Structural robustness are Safety engineering and structural engineering.

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Surfside condominium collapse

On June 24, 2021, at approximately 1:22 a.m. EDT, Champlain Towers South, a 12-story beachfront condominium in the Miami suburb of Surfside, Florida, United States, partially collapsed, causing the deaths of 98 people.

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Surfside, Florida

Surfside is a town in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States.

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A tamper is a device used to compact or flatten an aggregate or another powdered or granular material, typically to make it resistant to further compression or simply to increase its density.

See Progressive collapse and Tamper (tool)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_collapse

Also known as Disproportionate collapse, Pancake collapse, Pancake theory, Progressive collapse (buildings).

, Savar Upazila, Scotland, Seoul, September 11 attacks, Shoring, Singapore, Skyline Towers collapse, South Korea, Spain, Spandrel, St Mark's Campanile, Steel frame, Stonemasonry, Structural integrity and failure, Structural load, Structural robustness, Surfside condominium collapse, Surfside, Florida, Tamper (tool), Tehran, Terrorism, Thailand, Truss, United States Department of Commerce, University of Aberdeen, Venice, Wedbush Securities, West Ham, Wind, Windsor Tower (Madrid), Zoology.

Progressive collapse, the Glossary

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References