Proper time, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 48 relations: Arc length, Butterworth-Heinemann, Cambridge University Press, Clock, Coordinate time, Dover Publications, Earth, Einstein field equations, Equator, Euclidean space, Event (relativity), General relativity, Geodesic, Geometrized unit system, Gravitational constant, Hermann Minkowski, Inertial frame of reference, Invariant mass, Kerr metric, Line integral, Longman, Lorentz scalar, Lorentz transformation, McGraw Hill Education, Metric signature, Metric tensor (general relativity), Minkowski space, North Pole, Parameter, Peres metric, Proper acceleration, Proper length, Proper velocity, Pseudo-Riemannian manifold, Radian, Rotation, Schwarzschild metric, Sidereal time, Spacetime, Spacetime diagram, Special relativity, Tau, Theory of relativity, Time, Time dilation, Twin paradox, Wiley (publisher), World line.

2. Minkowski spacetime
3. Time in physics

Arc length

Arc length is the distance between two points along a section of a curve.

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Butterworth-Heinemann

Butterworth–Heinemann is a British publishing company specialised in professional information and learning materials for higher education and professional training, in printed and electronic forms.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Clock

A clock or chronometer is a device that measures and displays time.

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Coordinate time

In the theory of relativity, it is convenient to express results in terms of a spacetime coordinate system relative to an implied observer. Proper time and coordinate time are theory of relativity.

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Dover Publications

Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward and Blanche Cirker.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Einstein field equations

In the general theory of relativity, the Einstein field equations (EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) relate the geometry of spacetime to the distribution of matter within it.

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Equator

The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

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Euclidean space

Euclidean space is the fundamental space of geometry, intended to represent physical space.

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Event (relativity)

In relativity, an event is anything that happens that has a specific time and place in spacetime. Proper time and event (relativity) are theory of relativity.

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General relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. Proper time and general relativity are theory of relativity.

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Geodesic

In geometry, a geodesic is a curve representing in some sense the shortest path (arc) between two points in a surface, or more generally in a Riemannian manifold.

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Geometrized unit system

A geometrized unit system or geometrodynamic unit system is a system of natural units in which the base physical units are chosen so that the speed of light in vacuum, c, and the gravitational constant, G, are set equal to unity.

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Gravitational constant

The gravitational constant is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.

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Hermann Minkowski

Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a mathematician and professor at the University of Königsberg, the University of Zürich, and the University of Göttingen, described variously as German, Polish, or Lithuanian-German, or Russian.

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Inertial frame of reference

In classical physics and special relativity, an inertial frame of reference (also called inertial space, or Galilean reference frame) is a stationary or uniformly moving frame of reference. Proper time and inertial frame of reference are theory of relativity.

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Invariant mass

The invariant mass, rest mass, intrinsic mass, proper mass, or in the case of bound systems simply mass, is the portion of the total mass of an object or system of objects that is independent of the overall motion of the system. Proper time and invariant mass are theory of relativity.

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Kerr metric

The Kerr metric or Kerr geometry describes the geometry of empty spacetime around a rotating uncharged axially symmetric black hole with a quasispherical event horizon.

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Line integral

In mathematics, a line integral is an integral where the function to be integrated is evaluated along a curve.

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Longman

Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.

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Lorentz scalar

In a relativistic theory of physics, a Lorentz scalar is a scalar expression whose value is invariant under any Lorentz transformation. Proper time and Lorentz scalar are Minkowski spacetime and theory of relativity.

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Lorentz transformation

In physics, the Lorentz transformations are a six-parameter family of linear transformations from a coordinate frame in spacetime to another frame that moves at a constant velocity relative to the former.

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McGraw Hill Education

McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.

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Metric signature

In mathematics, the signature of a metric tensor g (or equivalently, a real quadratic form thought of as a real symmetric bilinear form on a finite-dimensional vector space) is the number (counted with multiplicity) of positive, negative and zero eigenvalues of the real symmetric matrix of the metric tensor with respect to a basis.

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Metric tensor (general relativity)

In general relativity, the metric tensor (in this context often abbreviated to simply the metric) is the fundamental object of study. Proper time and metric tensor (general relativity) are time in physics.

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Minkowski space

In physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of gravitation. Proper time and Minkowski space are Minkowski spacetime.

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North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole, Terrestrial North Pole or 90th Parallel North, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

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Parameter

A parameter, generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

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Peres metric

In mathematical physics, the Peres metric is defined by the proper time ^.

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Proper acceleration

In relativity theory, proper acceleration is the physical acceleration (i.e., measurable acceleration as by an accelerometer) experienced by an object. Proper time and proper acceleration are Minkowski spacetime.

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Proper length

Proper length or rest length is the length of an object in the object's rest frame. Proper time and Proper length are theory of relativity.

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Proper velocity

In relativity, proper velocity (also known as celerity) w of an object relative to an observer is the ratio between observer-measured displacement vector \textbf and proper time elapsed on the clocks of the traveling object: It is an alternative to ordinary velocity, the distance per unit time where both distance and time are measured by the observer. Proper time and proper velocity are Minkowski spacetime.

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Pseudo-Riemannian manifold

In mathematical physics, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold, also called a semi-Riemannian manifold, is a differentiable manifold with a metric tensor that is everywhere nondegenerate.

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Radian

The radian, denoted by the symbol rad, is the unit of angle in the International System of Units (SI) and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics.

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Rotation

Rotation or rotational motion is the circular movement of an object around a central line, known as axis of rotation.

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Schwarzschild metric

In Einstein's theory of general relativity, the Schwarzschild metric (also known as the Schwarzschild solution) is an exact solution to the Einstein field equations that describes the gravitational field outside a spherical mass, on the assumption that the electric charge of the mass, angular momentum of the mass, and universal cosmological constant are all zero.

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Sidereal time

Sidereal time ("sidereal" pronounced) is a system of timekeeping used especially by astronomers.

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Spacetime

In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Proper time and spacetime are theory of relativity and time in physics.

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Spacetime diagram

A spacetime diagram is a graphical illustration of locations in space at various times, especially in the special theory of relativity.

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Special relativity

In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. Proper time and special relativity are theory of relativity.

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Tau

Tau (uppercase Τ, lowercase τ or \boldsymbol\tau; ταυ) is the nineteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless dental or alveolar plosive.

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Theory of relativity

The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity, proposed and published in 1905 and 1915, respectively.

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Time

Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future.

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Time dilation

Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity). Proper time and time dilation are time in physics.

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Twin paradox

In physics, the twin paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity involving identical twins, one of whom makes a journey into space in a high-speed rocket and returns home to find that the twin who remained on Earth has aged more. Proper time and twin paradox are time in physics.

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Wiley (publisher)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.

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World line

The world line (or worldline) of an object is the path that an object traces in 4-dimensional spacetime. Proper time and world line are Minkowski spacetime and theory of relativity.

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See also

Minkowski spacetime

• De Sitter space
• Electromagnetic tensor
• Four-vector
• Four-vectors
• Hyperbolic orthogonality
• Hyperbolic quaternion
• Hyperboloid model
• Lorentz factor
• Lorentz scalar
• Milne model
• Minkowski space
• Newton polytope
• Proper acceleration
• Proper time
• Proper velocity
• Spacetime algebra
• Squeeze mapping
• World line

Time in physics

• Absolute space and time
• Arrow of time
• Chronology protection conjecture
• Fourth, fifth, and sixth derivatives of position
• Galilean transformation
• Jerk (physics)
• Metric tensor (general relativity)
• Proper time
• Relaxation (physics)
• Spacetime
• T-symmetry
• Time dilation
• Time in physics
• Time-translation symmetry
• Time-variation of fundamental constants
• Twin paradox

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_time

Also known as Proper lifetime, Proper time interval.