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Protectorate of the Western Regions, the Glossary

The Protectorate of the Western Regions was an imperial administration (a protectorate) situated in the Western Regions administered by Han dynasty China and its successors on and off from 59 or 60 BCE until the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms period in 439 AD.^[1]

63 relations: Aksu City, Altishahr, Ban Chao, Ban Yong, Beiting Protectorate, Book of Han, Central Asia, Chen Mu, Chief Official of the Western Regions, China proper, City-state, Dou Gu, Duan Xi, Dunhuang, Dzungaria, Eastern Iranian languages, Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Ming of Han, Encyclopedia of China, Eurasia, Former Liang, Gaochang, Government of the Han dynasty, Guanzhong, Guo Xun, Han dynasty, Han dynasty in Inner Asia, Han–Xiongnu War, Hexi Corridor, Indo-European languages, Karasahr, Kashgar, Kharosthi, Kucha, Li Chong (general), Loulan Kingdom, Luntai County, Northern Liang, Protectorate (imperial China), Protectorate General to Pacify the West, Qiang (historical people), Qing dynasty in Inner Asia, Ren Shang, Saka language, Silk Road, Sixteen Kingdoms, Sogdia, Tang dynasty, Tang dynasty in Inner Asia, Tarim Basin, ... Expand index (13 more) »
Administrative divisions of Imperial China
Former protectorates
History of the Chinese in Central Asia

Aksu City

Aksu is a city in and the seat of Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, lying at the northern edge of the Tarim Basin.

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Altishahr

Altishahr (romanized: Altä-şähär or Alti-şähär), also known as Kashgaria, or Yettishar is a historical name for the Tarim Basin region used in the 18th and 19th centuries. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Altishahr are history of Xinjiang.

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Ban Chao

Ban Chao (32–102 CE), courtesy name Zhongsheng, was a Chinese diplomat, explorer, and military general of the Eastern Han dynasty.

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Ban Yong

Ban Yong (died CE), courtesy name Yiliao (宜僚), was the youngest son of the famous Chinese General, Ban Chao, and the nephew of the illustrious historian, Ban Gu, who compiled the Book of Han, the dynastic history of the Former Han dynasty.

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Beiting Protectorate

The Beiting Protectorate-General, initially the Beiting Protectorate, was a Chinese protectorate established by the Tang dynasty in 702 to control the Beiting region north of Gaochang in contemporary Xinjiang. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Beiting Protectorate are history of Xinjiang and history of the Chinese in Central Asia.

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Book of Han

The Book of Han is a history of China finished in 111 CE, covering the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE.

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Central Asia

Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.

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Chen Mu

Chen Mu (d. 75) was a governor and general during the Han dynasty who served the first Protector General of the Western Regions under Eastern Han between 74 and 75.

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Chief Official of the Western Regions

The chief official of the Western Regions was a Chinese military official in charge of the Western Regions during the Eastern Han, Cao Wei and Jin dynasties. Protectorate of the Western Regions and chief Official of the Western Regions are administrative divisions of Imperial China, han dynasty and history of Xinjiang.

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China proper

China proper, also called Inner China are terms used primarily in the West in reference to the traditional "core" regions of China centered in the southeast.

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City-state

A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.

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Dou Gu

Dou Gu (died 88 AD), born in Xianyang, was a Chinese military general during the Eastern Han dynasty who fought in the Battle of Yiwulu in 73.

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Duan Xi

Duan Xi (died 110) was the last protector general of the Western Regions during the Han dynasty.

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Dunhuang

Dunhuang is a county-level city in northwestern Gansu Province, Western China.

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Dzungaria

Dzungaria (from the Mongolian words, meaning 'left hand'), also known as Northern Xinjiang or Beijiang, is a geographical subregion in Northwest China that corresponds to the northern half of Xinjiang.

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Eastern Iranian languages

The Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages, having emerged during the Middle Iranian era (4th century BC to 9th century AD).

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Emperor Guangwu of Han

Emperor Guangwu of Han (15 January 5 BC29 March AD 57), born Liu Xiu (劉秀), courtesy name Wenshu (文叔), was a Chinese monarch.

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Emperor Ming of Han

Emperor Ming of Han (15June 28 – 5September 75 AD), born and also known as and as, was the second Emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty.

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Encyclopedia of China

The Encyclopedia of China is the first large-entry modern encyclopedia in the Chinese language.

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Eurasia

Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.

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Former Liang

The Former Liang (301–376) was a dynastic state, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms, in Chinese history.

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Gaochang

Gaochang (Old Uyghur: Qocho), also called Khocho, Karakhoja, Qara-hoja, Kara-Khoja or Karahoja (قاراغوجا in Uyghur), was a ruined ancient oasis city on the northern rim of the inhospitable Taklamakan Desert in present-day Sanbu Township, Xinjiang, China.

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Government of the Han dynasty

The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) was the second imperial dynasty of China, following the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC). Protectorate of the Western Regions and Government of the Han dynasty are han dynasty.

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Guanzhong

Guanzhong (formerly romanised as Kwanchung) region, also known as the Guanzhong Basin, Wei River Basin, or uncommonly as the Shaanzhong region, is a historical region of China corresponding to the crescentic graben basin within present-day central Shaanxi, bounded between the Qinling Mountains in the south (known as Guanzhong's "South Mountains"), and the Huanglong Mountain, Meridian Ridge and Long Mountain ranges in the north (collectively known as its "North Mountains").

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Guo Xun

Guo Xun (d. 75) was a military officer under the Han dynasty of China.

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.

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Han dynasty in Inner Asia

The Han dynasty in Inner Asia was the expansion of the Han dynasty's realm and influence in Inner Asia with a series of Chinese military campaigns and expeditions since the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Han dynasty in Inner Asia are history of Xinjiang.

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Han–Xiongnu War

The Han–Xiongnu War,.

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Hexi Corridor

The Hexi Corridor (Xiao'erjing: حْسِ ظِوْلاْ), also known as the Gansu Corridor, is an important historical region located in the modern western Gansu province of China.

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.

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Karasahr

Karasahr or Karashar (6), which was originally known in the Tocharian languages as Ārśi (or Arshi), Qarašähär, or Agni or the Chinese derivative Yanqi (w), is an ancient town on the Silk Road and the capital of Yanqi Hui Autonomous County in the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang.

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Kashgar

Kashgar (قەشقەر) or Kashi (c) is a city in the Tarim Basin region of southern Xinjiang, China.

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Kharosthi

The Kharoṣṭhī script, also known as the Gāndhārī script, was an ancient Indic script used by various peoples from the north-western outskirts of the Indian subcontinent (present-day Pakistan) to Central Asia via Afghanistan.

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Kucha

Kucha or Kuche (also: Kuçar, Kuchar; كۇچار, Кучар; p, p; translit) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of what is now the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin and south of the Muzat River.

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Li Chong (general)

Li Chong, was the last Protector General of the Western Regions prior to Eastern Han.

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Loulan Kingdom

Loulan (樓蘭|p. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Loulan Kingdom are history of Xinjiang.

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Luntai County

Luntai County, also known as Bugur County or Bügür County (transliterated from Mongolian), is a county in central Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region under the administration of the Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.

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Northern Liang

The Northern Liang (397–439) was a dynastic state of China and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese history.

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Protectorate (imperial China)

Protectorate, also known as Duhu Fu, was a type of administrative division of the Chinese Empire, especially during the Han and Tang dynasties, established in frontier regions.

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Protectorate General to Pacify the West

The Protectorate General to Pacify the West (Anxi Grand Protectorate), initially the Protectorate to Pacify the West (Anxi Protectorate), was a protectorate (640 –) established by the Chinese Tang dynasty in 640 to control the Tarim Basin. Protectorate of the Western Regions and protectorate General to Pacify the West are administrative divisions of Imperial China, former protectorates, history of Xinjiang and history of the Chinese in Central Asia.

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Qiang (historical people)

Qiang was a name given to various groups of people at different periods in ancient China.

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Qing dynasty in Inner Asia

The Qing dynasty in Inner Asia was the expansion of the Qing dynasty's realm in Inner Asia in the 17th and the 18th century AD, including both Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, both Manchuria (Northeast China) and Outer Manchuria, Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Qing dynasty in Inner Asia are history of Xinjiang.

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Ren Shang

Ren Shang (died 118) was the Protector General of the Western Regions under Eastern Han between 102 and 106 CE.

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Saka language

Saka, or Sakan, was a variety of Eastern Iranian languages, attested from the ancient Buddhist kingdoms of Khotan, Kashgar and Tumshuq in the Tarim Basin, in what is now southern Xinjiang, China.

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Silk Road

The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Silk Road are han dynasty.

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Sixteen Kingdoms

The Sixteen Kingdoms, less commonly the Sixteen States, was a chaotic period in Chinese history from AD 304 to 439 when northern China fragmented into a series of short-lived dynastic states.

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Sogdia

Sogdia or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and in present-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty (唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.

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Tang dynasty in Inner Asia

The Tang dynasty in Inner Asia was the expansion of the Tang dynasty's realm in Inner Asia in the 7th and, to a lesser degree, the 8th century AD, in the Tarim Basin (Southern Xinjiang), the Mongolian Plateau, and portions of Central Asia. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Tang dynasty in Inner Asia are history of Xinjiang and history of the Chinese in Central Asia.

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Tarim Basin

The Tarim Basin is an endorheic basin in Xinjiang, Northwestern China occupying an area of about and one of the largest basins in Northwest China.

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Tocharian languages

The Tocharian (sometimes Tokharian) languages, also known as the Arśi-Kuči, Agnean-Kuchean or Kuchean-Agnean languages, are an extinct branch of the Indo-European language family spoken by inhabitants of the Tarim Basin, the Tocharians.

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Turpan

Turpan (تۇرپان), generally known in English as Turfan (s), is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the autonomous region of Xinjiang, China.

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Vassal state

A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.

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Wang Mang

Wang Mang (45 BCE6 October 23 CE), courtesy name Jujun, officially known as the Shijianguo Emperor, was the founder and the only emperor of the short-lived Chinese Xin dynasty.

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War of the Heavenly Horses

The War of the Heavenly Horses or the Han–Dayuan War was a military conflict fought in 104 BC and 102 BC between the Chinese Han dynasty and the Saka-ruled (Scythian) Greco-Bactrian kingdom known to the Chinese as Dayuan, in the Ferghana Valley at the easternmost end of the former Persian Empire (between modern-day Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan).

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Western Regions

The Western Regions or Xiyu (Hsi-yü) was a historical name specified in Ancient Chinese chronicles between the 3rd century BC to the 8th century AD that referred to the regions west of the Yumen Pass, most often the Tarim Basin in present-day southern Xinjiang (also known as Altishahr) and Central Asia (specifically the easternmost portion around the Ferghana Valley), though it was sometimes used more generally to refer to other regions to the west of China as well, such as Parthia (which technically belonged to West Asia) and Tianzhu (as in the novel Journey to the West, which refers to the Indian subcontinent in South Asia). Protectorate of the Western Regions and Western Regions are han dynasty, history of Xinjiang and history of the Chinese in Central Asia.

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Wusun

The Wusun (Eastern Han Chinese *ʔɑ-suən 《汉书·西域传》：乌孙国，大昆弥治赤谷城，去长安八千九百里。户十二万，口六十三万，胜兵十八万八千八百人。……故服匈奴，后盛大，取羁属，不肯往朝会。东与匈奴、西北与康居、西与大宛、南与城郭诸国相接。本塞地也，大月氏西破走塞王，塞王南越县度，大月氏居其地。后乌孙昆莫击破大月氏，大月氏徙、西臣大夏，而乌孙昆莫居之，故乌孙民有塞种、大月氏种云。 Around 176 BC the Xiongnu raided the lands of the Yuezhi, who subsequently attacked the Wusun, killing their king and seizing their land.

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Xin dynasty

The Xin dynasty, also known as Xin Mang in Chinese historiography, was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty which lasted from 9 to 23 AD, established by the Han dynasty consort kin Wang Mang, who usurped the throne of the Emperor Ping of Han and the infant "crown prince" Liu Ying.

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Xinjiang

Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Xinjiang are history of the Chinese in Central Asia.

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Xinjiang under Qing rule

The Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China ruled over Xinjiang from the late 1750s to 1912. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Xinjiang under Qing rule are history of Xinjiang.

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Xiongnu

The Xiongnu were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Protectorate of the Western Regions and Xiongnu are han dynasty.

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Yumen Pass

Yumen Pass (قاش قوۋۇق, Qash Qowuq), or Jade Gate or Pass of the Jade Gate, is the name of a pass of the Great Wall located west of Dunhuang in today's Gansu Province of China.

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Zheng Ji (general)

Zheng Ji (died 49 BC), born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, was a general during the Han dynasty, and served the first Protector General of the Western Regions in 60 BC.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions

Also known as Protector General of the Western Regions, Protector-General of the Western Regions, Xiyu Duhu.

, Tocharian languages, Turpan, Vassal state, Wang Mang, War of the Heavenly Horses, Western Regions, Wusun, Xin dynasty, Xinjiang, Xinjiang under Qing rule, Xiongnu, Yumen Pass, Zheng Ji (general).

Protectorate of the Western Regions, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Administrative divisions of Imperial China

Former protectorates

History of the Chinese in Central Asia

References