Psychoactive drug, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 419 relations: Acamprosate, Acetylcholine, Addiction, Adenosine, Adenosine receptor antagonist, Adrenergic agonist, Adrenergic antagonist, Agomelatine, Agonist, Aimo Koivunen, Alcohol (drug), Alprazolam, Amanita muscaria, Amoxapine, AMPA receptor, Amphetamine, Analgesic, Anandamide, Ancient Egypt, Anesthetic, Aniracetam, Anorectic, Anticonvulsant, Antidepressant, Antiemetic, Antihistamine, Antipsychotic, Anxiety, Anxiety disorder, Anxiolytic, Apraclonidine, Arecoline, Arguments for and against drug prohibition, Aripiprazole, Aspirin, Atomoxetine, Atropine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Atypical antipsychotic, Ayahuasca, Bad trip, Banana, Barbiturate, BBC News, Behavior, Benmoxin, Benzatropine, Benzodiazepine, Bicuculline, Bipolar disorder, ... Expand index (369 more) »

2. Psychoactive drugs

Acamprosate

Acamprosate, sold under the brand name Campral, is a medication which reduces alcoholism cravings.

See Psychoactive drug and Acamprosate

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter.

See Psychoactive drug and Acetylcholine

Addiction

Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences.

See Psychoactive drug and Addiction

Adenosine

Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives.

See Psychoactive drug and Adenosine

Adenosine receptor antagonist

An adenosine receptor antagonist is a drug which acts as an antagonist of one or more of the adenosine receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Adenosine receptor antagonist

Adrenergic agonist

An adrenergic agonist is a drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Adrenergic agonist

Adrenergic antagonist

An adrenergic antagonist is a drug that inhibits the function of adrenergic receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Adrenergic antagonist

Agomelatine

Agomelatine, sold under the brand names Valdoxan and Thymanax, among others, is an atypical antidepressant most commonly used to treat major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.

See Psychoactive drug and Agomelatine

Agonist

An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response.

See Psychoactive drug and Agonist

Aimo Koivunen

Aimo Allan Koivunen (17 October 191712 August 1989) was a Finnish soldier in the Continuation War and the first documented case of a soldier overdosing on methamphetamine during combat.

See Psychoactive drug and Aimo Koivunen

Alcohol (drug)

Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world and falls under the depressant category. Psychoactive drug and Alcohol (drug) are psychoactive drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Alcohol (drug)

Alprazolam

Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax and others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines.

See Psychoactive drug and Alprazolam

Amanita muscaria

Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, is a basidiomycete of the genus Amanita.

See Psychoactive drug and Amanita muscaria

Amoxapine

Amoxapine, sold under the brand name Asendin among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA).

See Psychoactive drug and Amoxapine

AMPA receptor

The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, AMPAR, or quisqualate receptor) is an ionotropic transmembrane receptor for glutamate (iGluR) and predominantly Na+ ion channel that mediates fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS).

See Psychoactive drug and AMPA receptor

Amphetamine

Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.

See Psychoactive drug and Amphetamine

Analgesic

An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic, antalgic, pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used for pain management.

See Psychoactive drug and Analgesic

Anandamide

Anandamide (ANA), also referred to as N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) is a fatty acid neurotransmitter belonging to the fatty acid derivative group known as N-Acylethanolamine (NAE).

See Psychoactive drug and Anandamide

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.

See Psychoactive drug and Ancient Egypt

Anesthetic

An anesthetic (American English) or anaesthetic (British English; see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia ⁠— ⁠in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness.

See Psychoactive drug and Anesthetic

Aniracetam

Aniracetam (brand names Draganon, Sarpul, Ampamet, Memodrin, Referan), also known as N-anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinone, is a racetam which is sold in Europe as a prescription drug.

See Psychoactive drug and Aniracetam

Anorectic

An anorectic or anorexic is a drug which reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss.

See Psychoactive drug and Anorectic

Anticonvulsant

Anticonvulsants (also known as antiepileptic drugs, antiseizure drugs, or anti-seizure medications (ASM)) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.

See Psychoactive drug and Anticonvulsant

Antidepressant

Antidepressants are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction.

See Psychoactive drug and Antidepressant

Antiemetic

An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea.

See Psychoactive drug and Antiemetic

Antihistamine

Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies.

See Psychoactive drug and Antihistamine

Antipsychotic

Antipsychotics, previously known as neuroleptics and major tranquilizers, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders.

See Psychoactive drug and Antipsychotic

Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.

See Psychoactive drug and Anxiety

Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant and uncontrollable feelings of anxiety and fear such that a person's social, occupational, and personal functions are significantly impaired.

See Psychoactive drug and Anxiety disorder

Anxiolytic

An anxiolytic (also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety.

See Psychoactive drug and Anxiolytic

Apraclonidine

Apraclonidine (INN), also known under the brand name Iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy.

See Psychoactive drug and Apraclonidine

Arecoline

Arecoline is a nicotinic acid-based mild parasympathomimetic stimulant alkaloid found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu).

See Psychoactive drug and Arecoline

Arguments for and against drug prohibition

Commonly-cited arguments for and against the prohibition of drugs include the following.

See Psychoactive drug and Arguments for and against drug prohibition

Aripiprazole

Aripiprazole, sold under the brand names Abilify and Aristada, among others, is an atypical antipsychotic. It is primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; other uses include as an add-on treatment in major depressive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), tic disorders, and irritability associated with autism.

See Psychoactive drug and Aripiprazole

Aspirin

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic.

See Psychoactive drug and Aspirin

Atomoxetine

Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, cognitive disengagement syndrome.

See Psychoactive drug and Atomoxetine

Atropine

Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery.

See Psychoactive drug and Atropine

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.

See Psychoactive drug and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Atypical antipsychotic

The atypical antipsychotics (AAP), also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and serotonin–dopamine antagonists (SDAs), are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as tranquilizers and neuroleptics, although the latter is usually reserved for the typical antipsychotics) largely introduced after the 1970s and used to treat psychiatric conditions.

See Psychoactive drug and Atypical antipsychotic

Ayahuasca

AyahuascaPronounced as in the UK and in the US.

See Psychoactive drug and Ayahuasca

Bad trip

A bad trip (also known as challenging experiences, acute intoxication from hallucinogens, psychedelic crisis, or emergence phenomenon) is a term describing an acute adverse psychological reaction to effects produced under the influence of psychoactive substances, namely psychedelics.

See Psychoactive drug and Bad trip

Banana

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.

See Psychoactive drug and Banana

Barbiturate

Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid.

See Psychoactive drug and Barbiturate

BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

See Psychoactive drug and BBC News

Behavior

Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment.

See Psychoactive drug and Behavior

Benmoxin

Benmoxin (trade names Neuralex, Nerusil), also known as mebamoxine, is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class.

See Psychoactive drug and Benmoxin

Benzatropine

Benzatropine (INN), known as benztropine in the United States and Japan, is a medication used to treat movement disorders like parkinsonism and dystonia, as well as extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics, including akathisia. It is not useful for tardive dyskinesia. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein or muscle.

See Psychoactive drug and Benzatropine

Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BDZ, BZs), colloquially called "benzos", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.

See Psychoactive drug and Benzodiazepine

Bicuculline

Bicuculline is a phthalide-isoquinoline compound that is a light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Bicuculline

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that each last from days to weeks.

See Psychoactive drug and Bipolar disorder

Bodybuilding

Bodybuilding is the practice of progressive resistance exercise to build, control, and develop one's muscles via hypertrophy.

See Psychoactive drug and Bodybuilding

Borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive, long-term pattern of significant interpersonal relationship instability, a distorted sense of self, and intense emotional responses.

See Psychoactive drug and Borderline personality disorder

Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

See Psychoactive drug and Brain

Bromocriptine

Bromocriptine, originally marketed as Parlodel and subsequently under many brand names, is an ergoline derivative and dopamine agonist that is used in the treatment of pituitary tumors, Parkinson's disease, hyperprolactinaemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and, as an adjunct, type 2 diabetes.

See Psychoactive drug and Bromocriptine

Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine, sold under the brand name Subutex among others, is an opioid used to treat opioid use disorder, acute pain, and chronic pain.

See Psychoactive drug and Buprenorphine

Bupropion

Bupropion, formerly called amfebutamone, and sold under the brand name Wellbutrin among others, is an atypical antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and to support smoking cessation.

See Psychoactive drug and Bupropion

Butorphanol

Butorphanol is a morphinan-type synthetic agonist–antagonist opioid analgesic developed by Bristol-Myers.

See Psychoactive drug and Butorphanol

Caffeine

Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.

See Psychoactive drug and Caffeine

Cannabidiol

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid discovered in 1940.

See Psychoactive drug and Cannabidiol

Cannabinol

Cannabinol (CBN) is a mildly psychoactive cannabinoid (e.g., CBD) that acts as a low affinity partial agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Cannabinol

Cannabis

Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae.

See Psychoactive drug and Cannabis

Cannabis (drug)

Cannabis, also known as marijuana or weed, among other names, is a non-chemically uniform drug from the cannabis plant. Psychoactive drug and cannabis (drug) are psychoactive drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Cannabis (drug)

Capsule (pharmacy)

In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, encapsulation refers to a range of dosage forms—techniques used to enclose medicines—in a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be used as suppositories.

See Psychoactive drug and Capsule (pharmacy)

Carvedilol

Carvedilol is a beta-blocker medication, that may be prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) and chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (also known as HFrEF or systolic heart failure).

See Psychoactive drug and Carvedilol

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

See Psychoactive drug and Catholic Church

Central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.

See Psychoactive drug and Central nervous system

Challenging behaviour

Challenging behaviour, also known as behaviours which challenge, is defined as "culturally abnormal behaviour(s) of such intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is placed in serious jeopardy, or behaviour which is likely to seriously limit or deny access to the use of ordinary community facilities".

See Psychoactive drug and Challenging behaviour

Cheating in sports

Cheating in sports may refer to.

See Psychoactive drug and Cheating in sports

Chemical substance

A chemical substance is a unique form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.

See Psychoactive drug and Chemical substance

Chemical synthesis

Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products.

See Psychoactive drug and Chemical synthesis

Cholinergic

Cholinergic agents are compounds which mimic the action of acetylcholine and/or butyrylcholine.

See Psychoactive drug and Cholinergic

Clonazepam

Clonazepam, sold under the brand names Klonopin and Rivotril, is a medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, OCD and akathisia.

See Psychoactive drug and Clonazepam

Clonidine

Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2A-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions.

See Psychoactive drug and Clonidine

Coca

Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America.

See Psychoactive drug and Coca

Cocaine

Cocaine (from, from, ultimately from Quechua: kúka) is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.

See Psychoactive drug and Cocaine

Codeine

Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea.

See Psychoactive drug and Codeine

Coevolution

In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection.

See Psychoactive drug and Coevolution

Coffee

Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans.

See Psychoactive drug and Coffee

Cognition

Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

See Psychoactive drug and Cognition

Cold medicine

Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract.

See Psychoactive drug and Cold medicine

Consciousness

Consciousness, at its simplest, is awareness of internal and external existence.

See Psychoactive drug and Consciousness

Constitutionality

In constitutional law, constitutionality is said to be the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or set forth in the applicable constitution.

See Psychoactive drug and Constitutionality

Contact high is a phenomenon that occurs in otherwise sober people who experience a drug-like effect just by coming into contact with someone who is under the influence of a psychoactive drug.

See Psychoactive drug and Contact high

Continuation War

The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II.

See Psychoactive drug and Continuation War

Controlled Substances Act

The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated.

See Psychoactive drug and Controlled Substances Act

Convention on Psychotropic Substances

The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and psychedelics signed in Vienna, Austria on 21 February 1971.

See Psychoactive drug and Convention on Psychotropic Substances

Counterculture of the 1960s

The counterculture of the 1960s was an anti-establishment cultural phenomenon and political movement that developed in the Western world during the mid-20th century.

See Psychoactive drug and Counterculture of the 1960s

CX717

CX717 is an ampakine compound created by Christopher Marrs and Gary Rogers in 1996 at Cortex Pharmaceuticals.

See Psychoactive drug and CX717

Cyclooxygenase

Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes) that is responsible for biosynthesis of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid.

See Psychoactive drug and Cyclooxygenase

Cyproheptadine

Cyproheptadine, sold under the brand name Periactin among others, is a first-generation antihistamine with additional anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and local anesthetic properties.

See Psychoactive drug and Cyproheptadine

Datura

Datura is a genus of nine species of highly poisonous, vespertine-flowering plants belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae).

See Psychoactive drug and Datura

Datura stramonium

Datura stramonium, known by the common names thornapple, jimsonweed (jimson weed), or devil's trumpet, is a poisonous flowering plant in the Daturae tribe of the nightshade family Solanaceae.

See Psychoactive drug and Datura stramonium

Deliriant

Deliriants are a subclass of hallucinogen.

See Psychoactive drug and Deliriant

Demand reduction

Demand reduction refers to efforts aimed at reducing the public desire for illegal and illicit drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Demand reduction

Depressant

Colloquially known as "downers", depressants or central nervous system (CNS) depressants are drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, decrease the electrical activity of brain cells, or reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas of the brain. Psychoactive drug and depressant are psychoactive drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Depressant

Depression (mood)

Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.

See Psychoactive drug and Depression (mood)

Deramciclane

Deramciclane (EGIS-3886) is a non-benzodiazepine-type anxiolytic drug to treat various types of anxiety disorders.

See Psychoactive drug and Deramciclane

Deschloroketamine

Deschloroketamine (DXE, DCK, 2'-Oxo-PCM) is a dissociative anesthetic that has been sold online as a designer drug.

See Psychoactive drug and Deschloroketamine

Desensitization (medicine)

In medicine, desensitization is a method to reduce or eliminate an organism's negative reaction to a substance or stimulus.

See Psychoactive drug and Desensitization (medicine)

Designer drug

A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests.

See Psychoactive drug and Designer drug

Desire

Desires are states of mind that are expressed by terms like "wanting", "wishing", "longing" or "craving".

See Psychoactive drug and Desire

Detoxification

Detoxification or detoxication (detox for short) is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism, including the human body, which is mainly carried out by the liver.

See Psychoactive drug and Detoxification

Dextromethorphan

Dextromethorphan (DXM), sold under the trade name Robitussin among others, is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines.

See Psychoactive drug and Dextromethorphan

Diazepam

Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic.

See Psychoactive drug and Diazepam

Dimenhydrinate

Dimenhydrinate, sold under the brand name Dramamine, among others, is an over-the-counter medication used to treat motion sickness and nausea.

See Psychoactive drug and Dimenhydrinate

Diphenhydramine

Diphenhydramine (DPH) is an antihistamine and sedative mainly used to treat allergies, insomnia, and symptoms of the common cold.

See Psychoactive drug and Diphenhydramine

Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.

See Psychoactive drug and Disease

Dissociative

Dissociatives, colloquially dissos, are a subclass of hallucinogens that distort perception of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment – dissociation – from the environment and/or self.

See Psychoactive drug and Dissociative

Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells.

See Psychoactive drug and Dopamine

Dopamine agonist

A dopamine agonist is a compound that activates dopamine receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Dopamine agonist

Dopamine antagonist

A dopamine antagonist, also known as an anti-dopaminergic and a dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA), is a type of drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism.

See Psychoactive drug and Dopamine antagonist

Dopamine releasing agent

A dopamine releasing agent (DRA) is a type of drug which induces the release of dopamine in the body and/or brain.

See Psychoactive drug and Dopamine releasing agent

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT).

See Psychoactive drug and Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Doping in sport

In competitive sports, doping is the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) by athletic competitors, as a way of cheating.

See Psychoactive drug and Doping in sport

Doxylamine

Doxylamine, sold under the brand name Unisom among others, is an antihistamine medication which is used in the treatment of insomnia and allergies.

See Psychoactive drug and Doxylamine

Droperidol

Droperidol (Inapsine, Droleptan, Dridol, Xomolix, Innovar) is an antidopaminergic drug used as an antiemetic (that is, to prevent or treat nausea) and as an antipsychotic.

See Psychoactive drug and Droperidol

Drug

A drug is any chemical substance other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect.

See Psychoactive drug and Drug

Drug checking

Drug checking or pill testing is a way to reduce the harm from drug consumption by allowing users to find out the content and purity of substances that they intend to consume.

See Psychoactive drug and Drug checking

Drug overdose

A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended.

See Psychoactive drug and Drug overdose

Drug rehabilitation

Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines.

See Psychoactive drug and Drug rehabilitation

Drug tolerance

Drug tolerance or drug insensitivity is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use.

See Psychoactive drug and Drug tolerance

Drug withdrawal

Drug withdrawal, drug withdrawal syndrome, or substance withdrawal syndrome, is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of pharmaceutical or recreational drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Drug withdrawal

Duloxetine

Duloxetine, sold under the brand name Cymbalta among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain and central sensitization.

See Psychoactive drug and Duloxetine

Dysthymia

Dysthymia, also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD), is a mental and behavioral disorder, specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms.

See Psychoactive drug and Dysthymia

Eating disorder

An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating behaviors that adversely affect a person's physical or mental health.

See Psychoactive drug and Eating disorder

Eicosanoid

Eicosanoids are signaling molecules made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, around 20 carbon units in length.

See Psychoactive drug and Eicosanoid

Eletriptan

Eletriptan, sold under the brand name Relpax and used in the form of eletriptan hydrobromide, is a second-generation triptan medication intended for treatment of migraine headaches.

See Psychoactive drug and Eletriptan

Empathogen

Empathogens or entactogens are a class of psychoactive drugs that induce the production of experiences of emotional communion, oneness, relatedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy or sympathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

See Psychoactive drug and Empathogen

Endogeny (biology)

Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within a living system such as an organism, tissue, or cell.

See Psychoactive drug and Endogeny (biology)

Enema

An enema, also known as a clyster, is an injection of fluid into the lower bowel by way of the rectum.

See Psychoactive drug and Enema

Entheogen

Entheogens are psychoactive substances, including psychedelic drugs, such as magic mushrooms and magic plants used in sacred contexts in religion for inducing spiritual development throughout history.

See Psychoactive drug and Entheogen

Ephedrine

Ephedrine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is often used to prevent low blood pressure during anesthesia.

See Psychoactive drug and Ephedrine

Escitalopram

Escitalopram, sold under the brand names Lexapro and Cipralex, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.

See Psychoactive drug and Escitalopram

Eszopiclone

Eszopiclone, sold under the brand name Lunesta among others, is a medication used in the treatment of insomnia.

See Psychoactive drug and Eszopiclone

Ethanol

Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.

See Psychoactive drug and Ethanol

Euphoria

Euphoria is the experience (or affect) of pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.

See Psychoactive drug and Euphoria

Fatigue

Fatigue describes a state of tiredness (which is not sleepiness), exhaustion or loss of energy.

See Psychoactive drug and Fatigue

Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1

Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 (FAAH) is a member of the serine hydrolase family of enzymes.

See Psychoactive drug and Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1

Fear

Fear is an intensely unpleasant primal emotion in response to perceiving or recognizing a danger or threat.

See Psychoactive drug and Fear

Fenfluramine

Fenfluramine, sold under the brand name Fintepla, is a serotonergic medication used for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome.

See Psychoactive drug and Fenfluramine

Fentanyl

Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic piperidine opioid primarily used as an analgesic. It is 20 to 40 times more potent than heroin and 100 times more potent than morphine; its primary clinical utility is in pain management for cancer patients and those recovering from painful surgeries. Fentanyl is also used as a sedative.

See Psychoactive drug and Fentanyl

Fertilisation

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring.

See Psychoactive drug and Fertilisation

Fitz Hugh Ludlow

Fitz Hugh Ludlow, sometimes seen as Fitzhugh Ludlow (September 11, 1836 – September 12, 1870), was an American author, journalist, and explorer; best known for his autobiographical book The Hasheesh Eater (1857).

See Psychoactive drug and Fitz Hugh Ludlow

Fluoxetine

Fluoxetine, sold under the brand name Prozac, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.

See Psychoactive drug and Fluoxetine

Fluvoxamine

Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.

See Psychoactive drug and Fluvoxamine

Food and Drug Administration

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.

See Psychoactive drug and Food and Drug Administration

Freedom of Information Act (United States)

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA),, is the United States federal freedom of information law that requires the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased or uncirculated information and documents controlled by the U.S. government upon request.

See Psychoactive drug and Freedom of Information Act (United States)

GABA

GABA (gamma Aminobutyric acid, γ-Aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system.

See Psychoactive drug and GABA

GABA receptor agonist

A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects.

See Psychoactive drug and GABA receptor agonist

GABA receptor antagonist

GABA receptor antagonists are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA.

See Psychoactive drug and GABA receptor antagonist

GABA reuptake inhibitor

A GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) by blocking the action of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid transporters (GATs).

See Psychoactive drug and GABA reuptake inhibitor

GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator

A GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator is a negative allosteric modulator (NAM), or inhibitor, of the GABAA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

See Psychoactive drug and GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator

GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator

In pharmacology, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, also known as GABAkines or GABAA receptor potentiators, are positive allosteric modulator (PAM) molecules that increase the activity of the GABAA receptor protein in the vertebrate central nervous system.

See Psychoactive drug and GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator

Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid

gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) (or γ-hydroxybutyric acid), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug.

See Psychoactive drug and Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid

Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the genus Allium.

See Psychoactive drug and Garlic

General anaesthetic

General anaesthetics (or anesthetics) are often defined as compounds that induce a loss of consciousness in humans or loss of righting reflex in animals.

See Psychoactive drug and General anaesthetic

Gestation

Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo, and later fetus, inside viviparous animals (the embryo develops within the parent).

See Psychoactive drug and Gestation

GHB receptor

The γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) receptor (GHBR), originally identified as GPR172A, is an excitatory G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds the neurotransmitter and psychoactive drug γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).

See Psychoactive drug and GHB receptor

Guanfacine

Guanfacine, sold under the brand name Tenex (immediate-release) and Intuniv (extended-release) among others, is an oral alpha-2a agonist medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high blood pressure.

See Psychoactive drug and Guanfacine

H3 receptor antagonist

An H3 receptor antagonist is a type of antihistaminic drug used to block the action of histamine at H3 receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and H3 receptor antagonist

Hallucinogen

Hallucinogens are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes.

See Psychoactive drug and Hallucinogen

Hallucinogenic fish

Several species of fish are claimed to produce hallucinogenic effects when consumed, a condition known as ichthyoallyeinotoxism.

See Psychoactive drug and Hallucinogenic fish

Haloperidol

Haloperidol, sold under the brand name Haldol among others, is a typical antipsychotic medication.

See Psychoactive drug and Haloperidol

Hamilton's Pharmacopeia

Hamilton's Pharmacopeia is an American docuseries, which premiered on Viceland on October 26, 2016.

See Psychoactive drug and Hamilton's Pharmacopeia

Harm reduction

Harm reduction, or harm minimization, refers to a range of intentional practices and public health policies designed to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal.

See Psychoactive drug and Harm reduction

Headache

Headache, also known as cephalalgia, is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck.

See Psychoactive drug and Headache

Health professional

A health professional, healthcare professional, or healthcare worker (sometimes abbreviated HCW) is a provider of health care treatment and advice based on formal training and experience.

See Psychoactive drug and Health professional

Health Research Board

The Health Research Board (HRB) is a government agency responsible for funding, co-ordination, and oversight of medical research in Ireland.

See Psychoactive drug and Health Research Board

Helsingin Sanomat

, abbreviated HS and colloquially known as Hesari, is the largest subscription newspaper in Finland and the Nordic countries, owned by Sanoma.

See Psychoactive drug and Helsingin Sanomat

Heroin

Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine and diamorphine among other names, is a morphinan opioid substance synthesized from the dried latex of the Papaver somniferum plant; it is mainly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

See Psychoactive drug and Heroin

Histamine receptor

The histamine receptors are a class of G protein–coupled receptors which bind histamine as their primary endogenous ligand.

See Psychoactive drug and Histamine receptor

History of Peru

The history of Peru spans 15 millennia, extending back through several stages of cultural development along the country's desert coastline and in the Andes mountains.

See Psychoactive drug and History of Peru

Homeostasis

In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

See Psychoactive drug and Homeostasis

Human behavior

Human behavior is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life.

See Psychoactive drug and Human behavior

Human body

The human body is the entire structure of a human being.

See Psychoactive drug and Human body

Human sexual activity

Human sexual activity, human sexual practice or human sexual behaviour is the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality.

See Psychoactive drug and Human sexual activity

Hydrocodone

Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semisynthetic opioid used to treat pain and as a cough suppressant.

See Psychoactive drug and Hydrocodone

Hydromorphone

Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand name Dilaudid among others, is a morphinan opioid used to treat moderate to severe pain.

See Psychoactive drug and Hydromorphone

Hypericum perforatum

Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St John's wort (sometimes perforate St John's wort or common St John's wort), is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae.

See Psychoactive drug and Hypericum perforatum

Hypnotic

Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of (and umbrella term for) psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep (or surgical anesthesiaWhen used in anesthesia to produce and maintain unconsciousness, "sleep" is metaphorical as there are no regular sleep stages or cyclical natural states; patients rarely recover from anesthesia feeling refreshed and with renewed energy. Psychoactive drug and Hypnotic are psychoactive drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Hypnotic

Ibogaine

Ibogaine is an psychoactive indole alkaloid obtained either by extraction from plants in the family Apocynaceae such as Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga africana, and Tabernaemontana undulata or by semi-synthesis from the precursor compound voacangine, another plant alkaloid.

See Psychoactive drug and Ibogaine

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation.

See Psychoactive drug and Ibuprofen

Imidazoline receptor

Imidazoline receptors are the primary receptors on which clonidine and other imidazolines act.

See Psychoactive drug and Imidazoline receptor

Imipramine

Imipramine, sold under the brand name Tofranil, among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) mainly used in the treatment of depression.

See Psychoactive drug and Imipramine

Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.

See Psychoactive drug and Inflammation

Ingestion

Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an organism.

See Psychoactive drug and Ingestion

Inhalant

Inhalants are a broad range of household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or pressurized gases can be concentrated and breathed in via the nose or mouth to produce intoxication, in a manner not intended by the manufacturer.

See Psychoactive drug and Inhalant

Injection (medicine)

An injection (often and usually referred to as a "shot" in US English, a "jab" in UK English, or a "jag" in Scottish English and Scots) is the act of administering a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe.

See Psychoactive drug and Injection (medicine)

Intramuscular injection

Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle.

See Psychoactive drug and Intramuscular injection

Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.

See Psychoactive drug and Intravenous therapy

Inverse agonist

In pharmacology, an inverse agonist is a drug that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that of the agonist.

See Psychoactive drug and Inverse agonist

Iproniazid

Iproniazid (Marsilid, Rivivol, Euphozid, Iprazid, Ipronid, Ipronin) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class.

See Psychoactive drug and Iproniazid

Isocarboxazid

Isocarboxazid (Marplan, Marplon, Enerzer) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class used as an antidepressant.

See Psychoactive drug and Isocarboxazid

Α-Methyltryptamine

α-Methyltryptamine (abbreviated as αMT, AMT) is a psychedelic, stimulant, and entactogen drug of the tryptamine class.

See Psychoactive drug and Α-Methyltryptamine

Jason Leopold

Jason Arthur Leopold (born October 7, 1969) is an American senior investigative reporter for BuzzFeed News.

See Psychoactive drug and Jason Leopold

JWH-018

JWH-018 (1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, NA-PIMO or AM-678) is an analgesic chemical from the naphthoylindole family that acts as a full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, with some selectivity for CB2.

See Psychoactive drug and JWH-018

Ketamine

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used medically for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.

See Psychoactive drug and Ketamine

Kynurenic acid

Kynurenic acid (KYNA or KYN) is a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid -tryptophan.

See Psychoactive drug and Kynurenic acid

L-DOPA

-DOPA, also known as levodopa and -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants and animals, including humans.

See Psychoactive drug and L-DOPA

Law Enforcement Action Partnership

The Law Enforcement Action Partnership (LEAP), formerly Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization group of current and former police, judges, prosecutors, and other criminal justice professionals who use their expertise to advance drug policy and criminal justice solutions that enhance public safety.

See Psychoactive drug and Law Enforcement Action Partnership

Liberty

Liberty is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.

See Psychoactive drug and Liberty

Linezolid

Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics.

See Psychoactive drug and Linezolid

List of Pakistani detainees at Guantanamo Bay

According to the United States Department of Defense, there were five dozen Pakistani detainees in Guantanamo prior to May 15, 2006.

See Psychoactive drug and List of Pakistani detainees at Guantanamo Bay

Lisuride

Lisuride, sold under the brand name Dopergin among others, is a monoaminergic medication of the ergoline class which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, migraine, and high prolactin levels.

See Psychoactive drug and Lisuride

Lorazepam

Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.

See Psychoactive drug and Lorazepam

LSD

Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsäure-diethylamid), and known colloquially as acid or lucy, is a potent psychedelic drug.

See Psychoactive drug and LSD

Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

See Psychoactive drug and Major depressive disorder

Mania

Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a mental and behavioral disorder defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect." During a manic episode, an individual will experience rapidly changing emotions and moods, highly influenced by surrounding stimuli.

See Psychoactive drug and Mania

MDMA

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly or mandy (crystal form), is a potent empathogen–entactogen with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties.

See Psychoactive drug and MDMA

Meclizine

Meclizine, sold under the brand name Bonine, among others, is an antihistamine used to treat motion sickness and dizziness (vertigo).

See Psychoactive drug and Meclizine

Medical prescription

A prescription, often abbreviated or Rx, is a formal communication from a physician or other registered healthcare professional to a pharmacist, authorizing them to dispense a specific prescription drug for a specific patient.

See Psychoactive drug and Medical prescription

Melatonin

Melatonin, an indoleamine, is a natural compound produced by various organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes.

See Psychoactive drug and Melatonin

Melatonin receptor

Melatonin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) which bind melatonin.

See Psychoactive drug and Melatonin receptor

Memantine

Memantine, sold under the brand name Axura among others, is a medication used to slow the progression of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include headache, constipation, sleepiness, and dizziness. Severe side effects may include blood clots, psychosis, and heart failure.

See Psychoactive drug and Memantine

Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

See Psychoactive drug and Mental disorder

Mescaline

Mescaline or mescalin (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic protoalkaloid of the substituted phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin.

See Psychoactive drug and Mescaline

Mesolimbic pathway

The mesolimbic pathway, sometimes referred to as the reward pathway, is a dopaminergic pathway in the brain.

See Psychoactive drug and Mesolimbic pathway

Methadone

Methadone, sold under the brand names Dolophine and Methadose among others, is a synthetic opioid agonist used for chronic pain and also for opioid use disorder.

See Psychoactive drug and Methadone

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

See Psychoactive drug and Methamphetamine

Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate

Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, commonly referred as MAFP, is an irreversible active site-directed enzyme inhibitor that inhibits nearly all serine hydrolases and serine proteases.

See Psychoactive drug and Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate

Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta among others, is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used medically to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, narcolepsy.

See Psychoactive drug and Methylphenidate

Metoprolol

Metoprolol, sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate.

See Psychoactive drug and Metoprolol

Metro (Swedish newspaper)

Metro was a free daily newspaper in Sweden.

See Psychoactive drug and Metro (Swedish newspaper)

Mianserin

Mianserin, sold under the brand name Tolvon among others, is an atypical antidepressant that is used primarily in the treatment of depression in Europe and elsewhere in the world.

See Psychoactive drug and Mianserin

Mirtazapine

Mirtazapine, sold under the brand name Remeron among others, is an atypical tetracyclic antidepressant, and as such is used primarily to treat depression.

See Psychoactive drug and Mirtazapine

MKUltra

Project MKUltra was an illegal human experiments program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used during interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture.

See Psychoactive drug and MKUltra

Moclobemide

Moclobemide, sold under the brand names Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil and Manerix among others, is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in other Western countries such as Canada, the UK and Australia.

See Psychoactive drug and Moclobemide

Modafinil

Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a wakefulness-promoting medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

See Psychoactive drug and Modafinil

Monoamine oxidase

Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines, employing oxygen to clip off their amine group.

See Psychoactive drug and Monoamine oxidase

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).

See Psychoactive drug and Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Mood (psychology)

In psychology, a mood is an affective state.

See Psychoactive drug and Mood (psychology)

Mood stabilizer

A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, such as bipolar disorder and the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder.

See Psychoactive drug and Mood stabilizer

Morphine

Morphine, formerly also called morphia, is an opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). Psychoactive drug and Morphine are psychoactive drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Morphine

Moxonidine

Moxonidine (INN) is a new-generation alpha-2/imidazoline receptor agonist antihypertensive drug licensed for the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.

See Psychoactive drug and Moxonidine

Muscarinic antagonist

A muscarinic receptor antagonist (MRA), also called an antimuscarinic, is a type of anticholinergic agent that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

See Psychoactive drug and Muscarinic antagonist

Muscimol

Muscimol is a potent psychoactive compound found in certain mushrooms, most notably the Amanita muscaria and related species of mushroom.

See Psychoactive drug and Muscimol

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT or N,N-DMT) is a substituted tryptamine that occurs in many plants and animals, including humans, and which is both a derivative and a structural analog of tryptamine.

See Psychoactive drug and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

N-Arachidonylglycine

N-Arachidonylglycine (NAGly) is a carboxylic metabolite of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA).

See Psychoactive drug and N-Arachidonylglycine

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid

N-methyl--aspartic acid or N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) is an amino acid derivative that acts as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate, the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor.

See Psychoactive drug and N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid

Nalbuphine

Nalbuphine, sold under the brand names Nubain among others, is an opioid analgesic which is used in the treatment of pain.

See Psychoactive drug and Nalbuphine

Naloxone

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist: a medication used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids.

See Psychoactive drug and Naloxone

Naltrexone

Naltrexone, sold under the brand name Revia among others, is a medication primarily used to manage alcohol use or opioid use disorder by reducing cravings and feelings of euphoria associated with substance use disorder. It has also been found effective in the treatment of other addictions and may be used for them off-label.

See Psychoactive drug and Naltrexone

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.

See Psychoactive drug and Narcolepsy

Narcotic

The term narcotic (from ancient Greek ναρκῶ narkō, "I make numb") originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with numbing or paralyzing properties.

See Psychoactive drug and Narcotic

National Minimum Drinking Age Act

The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 was passed by the United States Congress and was later signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on July 17, 1984.

See Psychoactive drug and National Minimum Drinking Age Act

Native American Church

The Native American Church (NAC), also known as Peyotism and Peyote Religion, is a syncretic Native American religion that teaches a combination of traditional Native American beliefs and elements of Christianity, especially pertaining to the Ten Commandments, with sacramental use of the entheogen peyote.

See Psychoactive drug and Native American Church

NBQX

NBQX (2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzoquinoxaline) is an antagonist of the AMPA receptor.

See Psychoactive drug and NBQX

Nepeta

Nepeta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae.

See Psychoactive drug and Nepeta

Neurochemistry

Neurochemistry is the study of chemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules such as psychopharmaceuticals and neuropeptides, that control and influence the physiology of the nervous system.

See Psychoactive drug and Neurochemistry

Neuroethics

In philosophy and neuroscience, neuroethics is the study of both the ethics of neuroscience and the neuroscience of ethics.

See Psychoactive drug and Neuroethics

Neuron

A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.

See Psychoactive drug and Neuron

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity, is the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.

See Psychoactive drug and Neuroplasticity

Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (study of effects of drugs on the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior.

See Psychoactive drug and Neuropsychopharmacology

Neurotransmitter

A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse.

See Psychoactive drug and Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitter receptor

A neurotransmitter receptor (also known as a neuroreceptor) is a membrane receptor protein that is activated by a neurotransmitter.

See Psychoactive drug and Neurotransmitter receptor

Niacin

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a vitamer ofvitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.

See Psychoactive drug and Niacin

Nicotine

Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic.

See Psychoactive drug and Nicotine

Nicotinic antagonist

A nicotinic antagonist is a type of anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Nicotinic antagonist

Nightclub

A nightclub is a club that is open at night, usually for drinking, dancing and other entertainment.

See Psychoactive drug and Nightclub

Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

See Psychoactive drug and Nitrous oxide

NMDA receptor

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and predominantly Ca2+ ion channel found in neurons.

See Psychoactive drug and NMDA receptor

NMDA receptor antagonist

NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the ''N''-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR).

See Psychoactive drug and NMDA receptor antagonist

Non-lethal weapon

Non-lethal weapons, also called nonlethal weapons, less-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, compliance weapons, or pain-inducing weapons are weapons intended to be less likely to kill a living target than conventional weapons such as knives and firearms with live ammunition.

See Psychoactive drug and Non-lethal weapon

Nonbenzodiazepine

Nonbenzodiazepines, sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as many of their names begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia and anxiety.

See Psychoactive drug and Nonbenzodiazepine

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots.

See Psychoactive drug and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Nootropic

Nootropics (or; but not or, which are common mispronunciations), colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.

See Psychoactive drug and Nootropic

Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.

See Psychoactive drug and Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine releasing agent

A norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA), also known as an adrenergic releasing agent, is a catecholaminergic type of drug that induces the release of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synapse.

See Psychoactive drug and Norepinephrine releasing agent

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

A norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI, NERI) or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor or adrenergic reuptake inhibitor (ARI), is a type of drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) by blocking the action of the norepinephrine transporter (NET).

See Psychoactive drug and Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Nucleus accumbens

The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc; also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the nucleus accumbens septi, Latin for 'nucleus adjacent to the septum') is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.

See Psychoactive drug and Nucleus accumbens

Olanzapine

Olanzapine, sold under the brand name Zyprexa among others, is an atypical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

See Psychoactive drug and Olanzapine

Operation Overgrow

Operation Overgrow is the name, given by cannabis activists, of an "operation" to spread marijuana seeds wildly "so it grows like weed".

See Psychoactive drug and Operation Overgrow

Opiate

An opiate is an alkaloid substance derived from opium (or poppy straw).

See Psychoactive drug and Opiate

Opioid

Opioids are a class of drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the opium poppy plant.

See Psychoactive drug and Opioid

Opioid agonist therapy

Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is a treatment in which prescribed opioid agonists are given to patients who live with Opioid use disorder (OUD).

See Psychoactive drug and Opioid agonist therapy

Opioid receptor

Opioid receptors are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors with opioids as ligands.

See Psychoactive drug and Opioid receptor

Opioid use disorder

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a substance use disorder characterized by cravings for opioids, continued use despite physical and/or psychological deterioration, increased tolerance with use, and withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing opioids.

See Psychoactive drug and Opioid use disorder

Opipramol

Opipramol, sold under the brand name Insidon among others, is an anxiolytic and tricyclic antidepressant that is used throughout Europe.

See Psychoactive drug and Opipramol

Orexin receptor

The orexin receptor (also referred to as the hypocretin receptor) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds the neuropeptide orexin.

See Psychoactive drug and Orexin receptor

Over-the-counter drug

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescription.

See Psychoactive drug and Over-the-counter drug

Oxycodone

Oxycodone, sold under various brand names such as Roxicodone and OxyContin (which is the extended release form), is a semi-synthetic opioid used medically for treatment of moderate to severe pain.

See Psychoactive drug and Oxycodone

Oxymetazoline, sold under the brand name Afrin among others, is a topical decongestant and vasoconstrictor medication.

See Psychoactive drug and Oxymetazoline

Oxymorphone

Oxymorphone (sold under the brand names Numorphan and Opana among others) is a highly potent opioid analgesic indicated for treatment of severe pain.

See Psychoactive drug and Oxymorphone

Pain

Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.

See Psychoactive drug and Pain

Pain management

Pain management is an aspect of medicine and health care involving relief of pain (pain relief, analgesia, pain control) in various dimensions, from acute and simple to chronic and challenging.

See Psychoactive drug and Pain management

Paracelsus

Paracelsus (1493 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance.

See Psychoactive drug and Paracelsus

Pentazocine

Pentazocine, sold under the brand name Talwin among others, is a painkiller used to treat moderate to severe pain.

See Psychoactive drug and Pentazocine

Perception

Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment.

See Psychoactive drug and Perception

Performance improvement

Performance improvement is measuring the output of a particular business process or procedure, then modifying the process or procedure to increase the output, increase efficiency, or increase the effectiveness of the process or procedure.

See Psychoactive drug and Performance improvement

Performance-enhancing substance

Performance-enhancing substances, also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans.

See Psychoactive drug and Performance-enhancing substance

Peyote

The peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a small, spineless cactus which contains psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline (see also: cactus alkaloids).

See Psychoactive drug and Peyote

Pharmacotherapy

Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms (symptomatic relief), treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis).

See Psychoactive drug and Pharmacotherapy

Phencyclidine

Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known in its use as a street drug as angel dust among other names, is a dissociative anesthetic mainly used recreationally for its significant mind-altering effects.

See Psychoactive drug and Phencyclidine

Phenelzine

Phenelzine, sold under the brand name Nardil, among others, is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class which is primarily used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic.

See Psychoactive drug and Phenelzine

Phenethylamine

Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine, which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.

See Psychoactive drug and Phenethylamine

Phenibut

Phenibut, sold under the brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen among others, is a central nervous system depressant with anxiolytic effects, and is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and for a variety of other indications.

See Psychoactive drug and Phenibut

Phenylephrine

Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among numerous others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion, used to dilate the pupil, used to increase blood pressure (given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure), and used to relieve hemorrhoids (as a suppository).

See Psychoactive drug and Phenylephrine

Phenylpropanolamine

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathomimetic agent which is used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant.

See Psychoactive drug and Phenylpropanolamine

Physical dependence

Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance-forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.

See Psychoactive drug and Physical dependence

Physician

A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.

See Psychoactive drug and Physician

Piracetam

Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness for dementia. Piracetam is sold as a medication in many European countries. Sale of piracetam is not illegal in the United States, although it is not regulated nor approved by the FDA, so it is legally sold for research use only.

See Psychoactive drug and Piracetam

Pitolisant

Pitolisant, sold under the brand name Wakix among others, is a medication used for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy.

See Psychoactive drug and Pitolisant

Pleasure

Pleasure is experience that feels good, that involves the enjoyment of something.

See Psychoactive drug and Pleasure

Polysubstance use

Polysubstance use or poly drug use refers to the use of combined psychoactive substances.

See Psychoactive drug and Polysubstance use

Pramipexole

Pramipexole, sold under the brand Mirapex among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS).

See Psychoactive drug and Pramipexole

Prazosin

Prazosin, sold under the brand name Minipress among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, symptoms of an enlarged prostate, and nightmares related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

See Psychoactive drug and Prazosin

Prehistory

Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.

See Psychoactive drug and Prehistory

Prescription drug

A prescription drug (also prescription medication, prescription medicine or prescription-only medication) is a pharmaceutical drug that is permitted to be dispensed only to those with a medical prescription.

See Psychoactive drug and Prescription drug

Prodrug

A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug.

See Psychoactive drug and Prodrug

Prohibition in the United States

The Prohibition era was the period from 1920 to 1933 when the United States prohibited the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages.

See Psychoactive drug and Prohibition in the United States

Propofol

Propofol is the active component of an intravenous anesthetic formulation used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.

See Psychoactive drug and Propofol

Propranolol

Propranolol, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks.

See Psychoactive drug and Propranolol

Pseudoephedrine

Pseudoephedrine, sold under the brand name Sudafed among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used as a decongestant to treat nasal congestion.

See Psychoactive drug and Pseudoephedrine

Psilocybin

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound produced by more than 200 species of fungi.

See Psychoactive drug and Psilocybin

Psilocybin mushroom

Psilocybin mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms or shrooms, are a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain psilocybin, which turns into psilocin upon ingestion.

See Psychoactive drug and Psilocybin mushroom

Psychedelic drug

Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness".

See Psychoactive drug and Psychedelic drug

Psychedelic therapy

Psychedelic therapy (or psychedelic-assisted therapy) refers to the proposed use of psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, and ayahuasca, to treat mental disorders.

See Psychoactive drug and Psychedelic therapy

Psychoactive drug

A psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, or consciousness-altering drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. Psychoactive drug and psychoactive drug are psychoactive drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Psychoactive drug

Psychoactive plant

Psychoactive plants are plants, or preparations thereof, that upon ingestion induce psychotropic effects.

See Psychoactive drug and Psychoactive plant

Psychological dependence

Psychological dependence is a cognitive disorder that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms – such as anxiety or anhedonia – upon cessation of prolonged drug abuse or certain repetitive behaviors.

See Psychoactive drug and Psychological dependence

Psychological trauma

Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events that are outside the normal range of human experiences.

See Psychoactive drug and Psychological trauma

Psychopharmacology

Psychopharmacology (from Greek label; label; and label) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, behavior, judgment and evaluation, and memory. Psychoactive drug and Psychopharmacology are psychoactive drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Psychopharmacology

Psychosis

Psychosis is a condition of the mind or psyche that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real.

See Psychoactive drug and Psychosis

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy, talk therapy, or talking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome problems.

See Psychoactive drug and Psychotherapy

Quetiapine

Quetiapine, sold under the brand name Seroquel among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.

See Psychoactive drug and Quetiapine

Ralph Metzner

Ralph Metzner (May 18, 1936 – March 14, 2019) was a German-born American psychologist, writer and researcher, who participated in psychedelic research at Harvard University in the early 1960s with Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert (later named Ram Dass).

See Psychoactive drug and Ralph Metzner

Ram Dass

Ram Dass (born Richard Alpert; April 6, 1931 – December 22, 2019), also known as Baba Ram Dass, was an American spiritual teacher, guru of modern yoga, psychologist, and writer.

See Psychoactive drug and Ram Dass

Ramelteon

Ramelteon, sold under the brand name Rozerem among others, is a melatonin agonist medication which is used in the treatment of insomnia.

See Psychoactive drug and Ramelteon

Rasagiline

Rasagiline, sold under the brand name Azilect among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

See Psychoactive drug and Rasagiline

Receptor antagonist

A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.

See Psychoactive drug and Receptor antagonist

Recreational drug use

Recreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness, either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime. Psychoactive drug and Recreational drug use are psychoactive drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Recreational drug use

Reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, reinforcement refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus.

See Psychoactive drug and Reinforcement

Responsible drug use

Responsible drug use seeks to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks associated with psychoactive drug use.

See Psychoactive drug and Responsible drug use

Reuptake

Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.

See Psychoactive drug and Reuptake

Reward system

The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).

See Psychoactive drug and Reward system

Rilmenidine

Rilmenidine is a prescription medication for the treatment of hypertension.

See Psychoactive drug and Rilmenidine

Rimonabant

Rimonabant (also known as SR141716; trade names Acomplia, Zimulti) is an anorectic antiobesity drug approved in Europe in 2006 but was withdrawn worldwide in 2008 due to serious psychiatric side effects; it was never approved in the United States.

See Psychoactive drug and Rimonabant

Risperidone

Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

See Psychoactive drug and Risperidone

Ritanserin

Ritanserin, also known by its developmental code name R-55667, is a serotonin antagonist medication described as an anxiolytic, antidepressant, antiparkinsonian agent, and antihypertensive agent.

See Psychoactive drug and Ritanserin

Ropinirole

Ropinirole, sold under the brand name Requip among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS).

See Psychoactive drug and Ropinirole

Salvia divinorum

Salvia divinorum (also called ska maría pastora, seer's sage, yerba de la pastora, magic mint or simply salvia) is a species of plant in the sage genus Salvia, known for its transient psychoactive properties when its leaves, or extracts made from the leaves, are administered by smoking, chewing, or drinking (as a tea).

See Psychoactive drug and Salvia divinorum

Salvinorin A

Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic molecule in Salvia divinorum.

See Psychoactive drug and Salvinorin A

SB-334867

SB-334867 is an orexin antagonist.

See Psychoactive drug and SB-334867

SB-408124

SB-408124 is a drug which is a non-peptide antagonist selective for the orexin receptor subtype OX1, with around 70x selectivity for OX1 over OX2 receptors, and improved oral bioavailability compared to the older OX1 antagonist SB-334867.

See Psychoactive drug and SB-408124

Schizoaffective disorder

Schizoaffective disorder (SZA, SZD) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and an unstable mood.

See Psychoactive drug and Schizoaffective disorder

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reoccurring episodes of psychosis that are correlated with a general misperception of reality.

See Psychoactive drug and Schizophrenia

Scopolamine

Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, or Devil's Breath, is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

See Psychoactive drug and Scopolamine

Second Opium War

The Second Opium War, also known as the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a colonial war lasting from 1856 to 1860, which pitted United Kingdom, France, and the United States against the Qing dynasty of China.

See Psychoactive drug and Second Opium War

Sedative

A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.

See Psychoactive drug and Sedative

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions.

See Psychoactive drug and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Selegiline

Selegiline, also known as L-deprenyl and sold under the brand names Eldepryl, Zelapar, and Emsam among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and major depressive disorder.

See Psychoactive drug and Selegiline

Self-medication

Self-medication, sometime called do-it-yourself (DIY) medicine, is a human behavior in which an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological conditions, for example headaches or fatigue.

See Psychoactive drug and Self-medication

Sensitization

Sensitization is a non-associative learning process in which repeated administration of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response.

See Psychoactive drug and Sensitization

Serotonin

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.

See Psychoactive drug and Serotonin

Serotonin receptor agonist

A serotonin receptor agonist is an agonist of one or more serotonin receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Serotonin receptor agonist

Serotonin receptor antagonist

A serotonin antagonist, or serotonin receptor antagonist, is a drug used to inhibit the action of serotonin and serotonergic drugs at serotonin (5-HT) receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Serotonin receptor antagonist

Serotonin releasing agent

A serotonin releasing agent (SRA) is a type of drug that induces the release of serotonin into the neuronal synaptic cleft.

See Psychoactive drug and Serotonin releasing agent

Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

A serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) by blocking the action of the serotonin transporter (SERT).

See Psychoactive drug and Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant medications used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, social phobia, chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and menopausal symptoms.

See Psychoactive drug and Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Sertraline

Sertraline, sold under the brand name Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.

See Psychoactive drug and Sertraline

Sha Mohammed Alikhel

Sha Mohammed Alikhel (born 1981) is a Pakistani who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.

See Psychoactive drug and Sha Mohammed Alikhel

Shamanism

Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance.

See Psychoactive drug and Shamanism

Sigma receptor

Sigma receptors (σ-receptors) are protein receptors that bind ligands such as 4-PPBP (4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine), SA 4503 (cutamesine), ditolylguanidine, dimethyltryptamine, and siramesine.

See Psychoactive drug and Sigma receptor

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (Single Convention, 1961 Convention, or C61) is a United Nations treaty that controls activities (cultivation, production, supply, trade, transport) of specific narcotic drugs and lays down a system of regulations (licenses, measures for treatment, research, etc.) for their medical and scientific uses; it also establishes the International Narcotics Control Board.

See Psychoactive drug and Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

Skunked term

A skunked term is a word that becomes difficult to use because it is evolving from one meaning to another, perhaps inconsistent or even opposite, usage, or a word that becomes difficult to use due to other controversy surrounding the word.

See Psychoactive drug and Skunked term

Smoking

Smoking is a practice in which a substance is combusted and the resulting smoke is typically inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream of a person.

See Psychoactive drug and Smoking

Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess.

See Psychoactive drug and Social status

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Psychoactive drug and Soviet Union

Stimulant

Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase the activity of the brain.

See Psychoactive drug and Stimulant

Subcutaneous administration

Subcutaneous administration is the insertion of medications beneath the skin either by injection or infusion.

See Psychoactive drug and Subcutaneous administration

Substance dependence

Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption of the drug.

See Psychoactive drug and Substance dependence

Substituted amphetamine

Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents.

See Psychoactive drug and Substituted amphetamine

Sumatriptan

Sumatriptan, sold under the brand name Imitrex among others, is a medication used to treat migraine headaches and cluster headaches.

See Psychoactive drug and Sumatriptan

Support group

In a support group, members provide each other with various types of help, usually nonprofessional and nonmaterial, for a particular shared, usually burdensome, characteristic.

See Psychoactive drug and Support group

Suppository

A suppository is a dosage form used to deliver medications by insertion into a body orifice (any opening in the body), where it dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects.

See Psychoactive drug and Suppository

Surgery

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (i.e., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass), to reconstruct or improve aesthetics and appearance (cosmetic surgery), or to remove unwanted tissues (body fat, glands, scars or skin tags) or foreign bodies.

See Psychoactive drug and Surgery

Suvorexant

Suvorexant, sold under the brand name Belsomra, is an orexin antagonist medication which is used in the treatment of insomnia.

See Psychoactive drug and Suvorexant

Synapse

In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell.

See Psychoactive drug and Synapse

T-HCA

trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic acid (T-HCA), also known as γ-hydroxycrotonic acid (GHC), is an agent used in scientific research to study the GHB receptor.

See Psychoactive drug and T-HCA

TAAR1

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR1 gene.

See Psychoactive drug and TAAR1

Tablet (pharmacy)

A tablet (also known as a pill) is a pharmaceutical oral dosage form (oral solid dosage, or OSD) or solid unit dosage form.

See Psychoactive drug and Tablet (pharmacy)

Tasimelteon

Tasimelteon, sold under the brand name Hetlioz, is a medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 2014, for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (also called non-24, N24 and N24HSWD).

See Psychoactive drug and Tasimelteon

TCS-OX2-29

TCS-OX2-29 is an orexin antagonist.

See Psychoactive drug and TCS-OX2-29

Temazepam

Temazepam, sold under the brand name Restoril among others, is a medication of the benzodiazepine class which is generally used to treat severe or debilitating insomnia.

See Psychoactive drug and Temazepam

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a cannabinoid found in cannabis.

See Psychoactive drug and Tetrahydrocannabinol

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See Psychoactive drug and The Guardian

The Hasheesh Eater

The Hasheesh Eater (1857) is an autobiographical book by Fitz Hugh Ludlow describing the author's altered states of consciousness and philosophical flights of fancy while he was using a cannabis extract.

See Psychoactive drug and The Hasheesh Eater

Theobromine

Theobromine, also known as xantheose, is the principal alkaloid of Theobroma cacao (cacao plant). Theobromine is slightly water-soluble (330 mg/L) with a bitter taste. In industry, theobromine is used as an additive and precursor to some cosmetics. It is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, including tea (Camellia sinensis), some American hollies (yaupon and guayusa) and the kola nut.

See Psychoactive drug and Theobromine

Theophylline

Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors.

See Psychoactive drug and Theophylline

Tiagabine

Tiagabine (trade name Gabitril) is an anticonvulsant medication produced by Cephalon that is used in the treatment of epilepsy.

See Psychoactive drug and Tiagabine

Timothy Leary

Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and author known for his strong advocacy of psychedelic drugs.

See Psychoactive drug and Timothy Leary

Topiramate

Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines.

See Psychoactive drug and Topiramate

Tramadol

Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication and a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat moderately severe pain.

See Psychoactive drug and Tramadol

Tranylcypromine

Tranylcypromine, sold under the brand name Parnate among others, is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).

See Psychoactive drug and Tranylcypromine

Trazodone

Trazodone, sold under many brand names, is an antidepressant medication.

See Psychoactive drug and Trazodone

Treaty

A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement concluded by sovereign states in international law.

See Psychoactive drug and Treaty

Tricyclic

Tricyclics are cyclic chemical compounds that contain three fused rings of atoms.

See Psychoactive drug and Tricyclic

Triptan

Triptans are a family of tryptamine-based drugs used as abortive medication in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches.

See Psychoactive drug and Triptan

Truthout

Truthout is an American non-profit news organization which describes itself as "dedicated to providing independent reporting and commentary on a diverse range of social justice issues".

See Psychoactive drug and Truthout

Tryptamine

Tryptamine is an indolamine metabolite of the essential amino acid, tryptophan.

See Psychoactive drug and Tryptamine

Unconsciousness

Unconsciousness is a state in which a living individual exhibits a complete, or near-complete, inability to maintain an awareness of self and environment or to respond to any human or environmental stimulus.

See Psychoactive drug and Unconsciousness

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

See Psychoactive drug and United Nations

URB597

URB597 (KDS-4103) is a relatively selective and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).

See Psychoactive drug and URB597

Vaporizer (inhalation device)

A vaporizer or vaporiser, colloquially known as a vape, is a device used to vaporize substances for inhalation.

See Psychoactive drug and Vaporizer (inhalation device)

Venlafaxine

Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant medication of the serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class.

See Psychoactive drug and Venlafaxine

Vigabatrin

Vigabatrin, sold under the brand names Vigafyde, Vigpoder and Sabril among others, is a medication used in the management and treatment of infantile spasms and refractory complex partial seizures.

See Psychoactive drug and Vigabatrin

Wakefulness

Wakefulness is a daily recurring brain state and state of consciousness in which an individual is conscious and engages in coherent cognitive and behavioral responses to the external world.

See Psychoactive drug and Wakefulness

War on drugs

The war on drugs is the policy of a global campaign, led by the United States federal government, of drug prohibition, military aid, and military intervention, with the aim of reducing the illegal drug trade in the United States.

See Psychoactive drug and War on drugs

War on terror

The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is a global counterterrorist military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks and is the most recent global conflict spanning multiple wars.

See Psychoactive drug and War on terror

Winter War

The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland.

See Psychoactive drug and Winter War

Wired (magazine)

Wired (stylized in all caps) is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.

See Psychoactive drug and Wired (magazine)

World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

See Psychoactive drug and World Health Organization

Yohimbine

Yohimbine, also known as quebrachine, is an indole alkaloid derived from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia johimbe; also from the bark of the unrelated South American tree Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco.

See Psychoactive drug and Yohimbine

Zaleplon

Zaleplon, sold under the brand name Sonata among others, is a sedative and hypnotic which is used to treat insomnia.

See Psychoactive drug and Zaleplon

Zolpidem

Zolpidem, sold under the brand name Ambien among others, is a medication primarily used for the short-term treatment of sleeping problems.

See Psychoactive drug and Zolpidem

1983 Code of Canon Law

The 1983 Code of Canon Law (abbreviated 1983 CIC from its Latin title Codex Iuris Canonici), also called the Johanno-Pauline Code, is the "fundamental body of ecclesiastical laws for the Latin Church".

See Psychoactive drug and 1983 Code of Canon Law

2-Fluorodeschloroketamine

2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (also known as 2'-Fl-2-Oxo-PCM, Fluoroketamine and 2-FDCK) is a dissociative anesthetic related to ketamine.

See Psychoactive drug and 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (also known as MDA and sass) is an empathogen-entactogen, psychostimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine family that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug.

See Psychoactive drug and 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine

6-APB

6-APB (6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran) is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the substituted benzofuran and substituted phenethylamine classes.

See Psychoactive drug and 6-APB

See also

Psychoactive drugs

• Alcohol (drug)
• Anaphrodisiac
• Antiandrogen
• Antimanic drugs
• Anxiotropic
• Cannabis (drug)
• Cold-Food Powder
• Cyclopregnol
• Depressant
• Depressogen
• Designer drugs
• Drug education
• Drug naïvety
• Drug policy of Germany
• Evolutionary models of human drug use
• Hypnotic
• Inhalants
• List of psychiatric medications
• List of psychoactive plants
• List of psychotropic medications
• Lometraline
• MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
• Mad honey
• Morphine
• Pharmacology of ethanol
• Prescription drug addiction
• Psychiatric medication
• Psychoactive drug
• Psychopharmacology
• Recreational drug use
• Recreational drug use in animals
• Serenic
• Sisa (drug)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoactive_drug

Also known as Consciousness altering drugs, Consciousness-altering drugs, History of psychoactive drugs, Intoxicant, Intoxicants, Mind altering drug, Mind altering drugs, Mind altering substance, Mind altering substances, Mind changing drug, Mind-altering drug, Mind-altering drugs, Mind-altering substance, Mind-altering substances, Mind-changing drug, Mood altering drug, Mood-altering drug, Psycho-active drugs, Psycho-pharmaceutical, Psychoactive, Psychoactive Drugs, Psychoactive compound, Psychoactive constituent, Psychoactive effect, Psychoactive medication, Psychoactive medications, Psychoactive substance, Psychoactive substances, Psychoactives, Psychoactivity, Psychoaktiv, Psychopharmaceutical, Psychopharmaceuticals, Psychopharmica, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psychotropic Drugs, Psychotropic agent, Psychotropic drug, Psychotropic medication, Psychotropic medications, Psychotropic substance, Psychotropic substances, Psychotropics.

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of Peru, Homeostasis, Human behavior, Human body, Human sexual activity, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Hypericum perforatum, Hypnotic, Ibogaine, Ibuprofen, Imidazoline receptor, Imipramine, Inflammation, Ingestion, Inhalant, Injection (medicine), Intramuscular injection, Intravenous therapy, Inverse agonist, Iproniazid, Isocarboxazid, Α-Methyltryptamine, Jason Leopold, JWH-018, Ketamine, Kynurenic acid, L-DOPA, Law Enforcement Action Partnership, Liberty, Linezolid, List of Pakistani detainees at Guantanamo Bay, Lisuride, Lorazepam, LSD, Major depressive disorder, Mania, MDMA, Meclizine, Medical prescription, Melatonin, Melatonin receptor, Memantine, Mental disorder, Mescaline, Mesolimbic pathway, Methadone, Methamphetamine, Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, Methylphenidate, Metoprolol, Metro (Swedish newspaper), Mianserin, Mirtazapine, MKUltra, Moclobemide, Modafinil, Monoamine oxidase, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Mood (psychology), Mood stabilizer, Morphine, Moxonidine, Muscarinic antagonist, Muscimol, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, N-Arachidonylglycine, N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid, Nalbuphine, Naloxone, Naltrexone, Narcolepsy, Narcotic, National Minimum Drinking Age Act, Native American Church, NBQX, Nepeta, Neurochemistry, Neuroethics, Neuron, Neuroplasticity, Neuropsychopharmacology, Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmitter receptor, Niacin, Nicotine, Nicotinic antagonist, Nightclub, Nitrous oxide, NMDA receptor, NMDA receptor antagonist, Non-lethal weapon, Nonbenzodiazepine, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Nootropic, Norepinephrine, Norepinephrine releasing agent, Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Nucleus accumbens, Olanzapine, Operation Overgrow, Opiate, Opioid, Opioid agonist therapy, Opioid receptor, Opioid use disorder, Opipramol, Orexin receptor, Over-the-counter drug, Oxycodone, Oxymetazoline, Oxymorphone, Pain, Pain management, Paracelsus, Pentazocine, Perception, Performance improvement, Performance-enhancing substance, Peyote, Pharmacotherapy, 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2-Fluorodeschloroketamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, 6-APB.