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Psychological research, the Glossary

Psychological research refers to research that psychologists conduct for systematic study and for analysis of the experiences and behaviors of individuals or groups.^[1]

70 relations: Abnormal psychology, American Sign Language, Analysis, Applied psychology, Applied science, B. F. Skinner, Basic research, Behavior, Behavioural sciences, Bertha Pappenheim, Chimpanzee, Clinical psychology, Clinical research, Correlation, David Rosenhan, Deductive reasoning, Dependent and independent variables, Design of experiments, Developmental psychology, Diary, Eclecticism, Ecological validity, Education Resources Information Center, Educational psychology, Experience, Experiment, Experimental psychology, Field experiment, Forensic psychology, Frustration, Genie (feral child), Hypothesis, Inductive reasoning, Informed consent, Institutional review board, Jean Piaget, Laboratory, Leon Festinger, List of psychological research methods, Methodology, Milgram experiment, Natural experiment, Naturalistic observation, Observer bias, Occupational health psychology, Psychoanalysis, Psychologist, Psychology, Qualitative psychological research, Quantitative psychological research, ... Expand index (20 more) »
Psychological methodology

Abnormal psychology

The topic and directed area of focus for this section is Psychopathology.

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American Sign Language

American Sign Language (ASL) is a natural language that serves as the predominant sign language of deaf communities in the United States and most of Anglophone Canada.

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Analysis

Analysis (analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.

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Applied psychology

Applied psychology is the use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience.

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Applied science

Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals.

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B. F. Skinner

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, inventor, and social philosopher.

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Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena. Psychological research and basic research are research.

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Behavior

Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment.

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Behavioural sciences

Behavioural sciences is a branch of science that explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions that occur between organisms in the natural world.

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Bertha Pappenheim

Bertha Pappenheim (27 February 1859 – 28 May 1936) was an Austrian-Jewish feminist, a social pioneer, and the founder of the Jewish Women's Association (Jüdischer Frauenbund).

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Chimpanzee

The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), also simply known as the chimp, is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa.

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Clinical psychology

Clinical psychology is an integration of human science, behavioral science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.

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Clinical research

Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health.

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Correlation

In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.

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David Rosenhan

David L. Rosenhan (November 22, 1929 – February 6, 2012) was an American psychologist.

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Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences.

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Dependent and independent variables

A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable.

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Design of experiments

The design of experiments (DOE or DOX), also known as experiment design or experimental design, is the design of any task that aims to describe and explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation.

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Developmental psychology

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives.

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Diary

A diary is a written or audiovisual memorable record, with discrete entries arranged by date reporting on what has happened over the course of a day or other period.

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Eclecticism

Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.

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Ecological validity

In the behavioral sciences, ecological validity is often used to refer to the judgment of whether a given study's variables and conclusions (often collected in lab) are sufficiently relevant to its population (e.g. the "real world" context).

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Education Resources Information Center

The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is an online digital library of education research and information.

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Educational psychology

Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning.

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Experience

Experience refers to conscious events in general, more specifically to perceptions, or to the practical knowledge and familiarity that is produced by these processes.

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Experiment

An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried. Psychological research and experiment are research.

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Experimental psychology

Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Psychological research and experimental psychology are psychological methodology.

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Field experiment

Field experiments are experiments carried out outside of laboratory settings.

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Forensic psychology

Forensic psychology is the practice of psychology applied to the law.

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Frustration

In psychology, frustration is a common emotional response to opposition, related to anger, annoyance and disappointment.

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Genie (feral child)

Genie (born 1957) is the pseudonym of an American feral child who was a victim of severe abuse, neglect, and social isolation.

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Hypothesis

A hypothesis (hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

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Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning is any of various methods of reasoning in which broad generalizations or principles are derived from a body of observations.

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Informed consent

Informed consent is a principle in medical ethics, medical law and media studies, that a patient must have sufficient information and understanding before making decisions about their medical care.

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Institutional review board

An institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee (IEC), ethical review board (ERB), or research ethics board (REB), is a committee at an institution that applies research ethics by reviewing the methods proposed for research involving human subjects, to ensure that the projects are ethical.

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Jean Piaget

Jean William Fritz Piaget (9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development.

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Laboratory

A laboratory (colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

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Leon Festinger

Leon Festinger (8 May 1919 – 11 February 1989) was an American social psychologist who originated the theory of cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory.

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List of psychological research methods

A wide range of research methods are used in psychology.

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Methodology

In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods.

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Milgram experiment

Beginning on August 7, 1961, a series of social psychology experiments were conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram, who intended to measure the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience.

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Natural experiment

A natural experiment is a study in which individuals (or clusters of individuals) are exposed to the experimental and control conditions that are determined by nature or by other factors outside the control of the investigators.

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Naturalistic observation

Naturalistic observation, sometimes referred to as fieldwork, is a research methodology in numerous fields of science including ethology, anthropology, linguistics, the social sciences, and psychology, in which data are collected as they occur in nature, without any manipulation by the observer.

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Observer bias

Observer bias is one of the types of detection bias and is defined as any kind of systematic divergence from accurate facts during observation and the recording of data and information in studies.

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Occupational health psychology

Occupational health psychology (OHP) is an interdisciplinary area of psychology that is concerned with the health and safety of workers.

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Psychoanalysis

PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: +. is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge.

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Psychologist

A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior.

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Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

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Qualitative psychological research

Qualitative psychological research is psychological research that employs qualitative methods. Qualitative research methodologies are oriented towards developing an understanding of the meaning and experience dimensions of human lives and their social worlds. Psychological research and qualitative psychological research are psychological methodology.

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Quantitative psychological research

Quantitative psychological research is psychological research that employs quantitative research methods.

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Quasi-experiment

A quasi-experiment is an empirical interventional study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on target population without random assignment.

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Rat Man

"Rat Man" was the nickname given by Sigmund Freud to a patient whose "case history" was published as Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose (1909).

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Reliability (statistics)

In statistics and psychometrics, reliability is the overall consistency of a measure.

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Research

Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge".

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Research ethics

Research ethics is a discipline within the study of applied ethics. Psychological research and Research ethics are research.

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Science

Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world.

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Scientific control

A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables).

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Scientific method

The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century.

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Selection bias

Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed.

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Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.

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Social isolation is a state of complete or near-complete lack of contact between an individual and society.

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Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.

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Social research is research conducted by social scientists following a systematic plan.

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Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies.

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Statistics

Statistics (from German: Statistik, "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

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Unobtrusive research

Unobtrusive research (or unobtrusive measures) is a method of data collection used primarily in the social sciences.

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Virginia Axline

Virginia Mae Axline (March 31, 1911 – March 21, 1988) was an American psychologist and one of the pioneers in the use of play therapy.

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Washoe (chimpanzee)

Washoe (c. September 1965 – October 30, 2007) was a female common chimpanzee who was the first non-human to learn to communicate using American Sign Language (ASL) as part of an animal research experiment on animal language acquisition.

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When Prophecy Fails

When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group That Predicted the Destruction of the World is a classic work of social psychology by Leon Festinger, Henry Riecken, and Stanley Schachter, published in 1956, detailing a study of a small UFO religion in Chicago called the Seekers that believed in an imminent apocalypse.

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Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, one of the fathers of modern psychology.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_research

Also known as Psychology research.

, Quasi-experiment, Rat Man, Reliability (statistics), Research, Research ethics, Science, Scientific control, Scientific method, Selection bias, Sigmund Freud, Social isolation, Social psychology, Social research, Social science, Statistics, Unobtrusive research, Virginia Axline, Washoe (chimpanzee), When Prophecy Fails, Wilhelm Wundt.

Psychological research, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Psychological methodology

References