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Quasiparticle, the Glossary

Index Quasiparticle

In condensed matter physics, a quasiparticle is a concept used to describe a collective behavior of a group of particles that can be treated as if they were a single particle.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 103 relations: Absolute zero, Anharmonicity, Anyon, Atomic nucleus, Bogoliubov quasiparticle, Boltzmann distribution, Boltzmann equation, Boson, Collision, Composite boson, Composite fermion, Condensed matter physics, Cooper pair, Coulomb's law, Crystal structure, Dislocation, Dislon, Dispersion relation, Dressed particle, Effective mass (solid-state physics), Electric charge, Electric-field screening, Electron, Electron hole, Elementary charge, Elementary particle, Emergence, Entity realism, Entropy production, EPL (journal), Excited state, Exciton, Fermi liquid theory, Fermion, Ferromagnetism, Fractional quantum Hall effect, Fractionalization, Ground state, Heat capacity, Helium, Helium-3, Herbertsmithite, Hopfion, Instanton, Kinetic theory of gases, Lev Gor'kov, Lev Landau, List of quasiparticles, Lorentz covariance, Magnetic monopole, ... Expand index (53 more) »

  2. Mesoscopic physics
  3. Quantum phases

Absolute zero

Absolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale; a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as zero kelvin.

See Quasiparticle and Absolute zero

Anharmonicity

In classical mechanics, anharmonicity is the deviation of a system from being a harmonic oscillator.

See Quasiparticle and Anharmonicity

Anyon

In physics, an anyon is a type of quasiparticle so far observed only in two-dimensional systems.

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Atomic nucleus

The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.

See Quasiparticle and Atomic nucleus

Bogoliubov quasiparticle

In condensed matter physics, a Bogoliubov quasiparticle or Bogoliubon is a quasiparticle that occurs in superconductors.

See Quasiparticle and Bogoliubov quasiparticle

Boltzmann distribution

In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution Translated by J.B. Sykes and M.J. Kearsley. See section 28) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain state as a function of that state's energy and the temperature of the system.

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Boltzmann equation

The Boltzmann equation or Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) describes the statistical behaviour of a thermodynamic system not in a state of equilibrium; it was devised by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872.

See Quasiparticle and Boltzmann equation

Boson

In particle physics, a boson is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2,...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spin (...). Every observed subatomic particle is either a boson or a fermion. Quasiparticle and boson are condensed matter physics.

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Collision

In physics, a collision is any event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other in a relatively short time.

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Composite boson

A composite boson is a bound state of fermions such that the combination gives a boson.

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Composite fermion

A composite fermion is the topological bound state of an electron and an even number of quantized vortices, sometimes visually pictured as the bound state of an electron and, attached, an even number of magnetic flux quanta. Quasiparticle and composite fermion are quantum phases.

See Quasiparticle and Composite fermion

Condensed matter physics

Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases, that arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms and electrons.

See Quasiparticle and Condensed matter physics

Cooper pair

In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair) is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper. Quasiparticle and Cooper pair are quantum phases.

See Quasiparticle and Cooper pair

Coulomb's law

Coulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest.

See Quasiparticle and Coulomb's law

Crystal structure

In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material.

See Quasiparticle and Crystal structure

Dislocation

In materials science, a dislocation or Taylor's dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect or irregularity within a crystal structure that contains an abrupt change in the arrangement of atoms.

See Quasiparticle and Dislocation

Dislon

A dislon is a quantized field associated with the quantization of the lattice displacement in crystalline solids. Quasiparticle and dislon are condensed matter physics, Mesoscopic physics, physical phenomena and quantum phases.

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Dispersion relation

In the physical sciences and electrical engineering, dispersion relations describe the effect of dispersion on the properties of waves in a medium.

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Dressed particle

In theoretical physics, the term dressed particle refers to a bare particle together with some excitations of other quantum fields that are physically inseparable from the bare particle.

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Effective mass (solid-state physics)

In solid state physics, a particle's effective mass (often denoted m^*) is the mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. Quasiparticle and effective mass (solid-state physics) are condensed matter physics.

See Quasiparticle and Effective mass (solid-state physics)

Electric charge

Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

See Quasiparticle and Electric charge

Electric-field screening

In physics, screening is the damping of electric fields caused by the presence of mobile charge carriers. Quasiparticle and electric-field screening are condensed matter physics.

See Quasiparticle and Electric-field screening

Electron

The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.

See Quasiparticle and Electron

Electron hole

In physics, chemistry, and electronic engineering, an electron hole (often simply called a hole) is a quasiparticle denoting the lack of an electron at a position where one could exist in an atom or atomic lattice.

See Quasiparticle and Electron hole

Elementary charge

The elementary charge, usually denoted by, is a fundamental physical constant, defined as the electric charge carried by a single proton or, equivalently, the magnitude of the negative electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge −1.

See Quasiparticle and Elementary charge

Elementary particle

In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles.

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Emergence

In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.

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Entity realism

Entity realism (also selective realism), sometimes equated with referential realism, is a philosophical position within the debate about scientific realism.

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Entropy production

Entropy production (or generation) is the amount of entropy which is produced during heat process to evaluate the efficiency of the process.

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EPL (journal)

EPL is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by EDP Sciences, IOP Publishing and the Italian Physical Society on behalf of the European Physical Society and 17 other European physical societies.

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Excited state

In quantum mechanics, an excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state (that is, more energy than the absolute minimum).

See Quasiparticle and Excited state

Exciton

An electron and an electron hole that are attracted to each other by the Coulomb force can form a bound state called an exciton.

See Quasiparticle and Exciton

Fermi liquid theory

Fermi liquid theory (also known as Landau's Fermi-liquid theory) is a theoretical model of interacting fermions that describes the normal state of the conduction electrons in most metals at sufficiently low temperatures. Quasiparticle and fermi liquid theory are condensed matter physics.

See Quasiparticle and Fermi liquid theory

Fermion

In particle physics, a fermion is a particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics.

See Quasiparticle and Fermion

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism is a property of certain materials (such as iron) that results in a significant, observable magnetic permeability, and in many cases, a significant magnetic coercivity, allowing the material to form a permanent magnet. Quasiparticle and Ferromagnetism are physical phenomena and quantum phases.

See Quasiparticle and Ferromagnetism

Fractional quantum Hall effect

The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which the Hall conductance of 2-dimensional (2D) electrons shows precisely quantized plateaus at fractional values of e^2/h, where e is the electron charge and h is the Planck constant. Quasiparticle and fractional quantum Hall effect are Mesoscopic physics and quantum phases.

See Quasiparticle and Fractional quantum Hall effect

Fractionalization

In quantum mechanics, fractionalization is the phenomenon whereby the quasiparticles of a system cannot be constructed as combinations of its elementary constituents.

See Quasiparticle and Fractionalization

Ground state

The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system.

See Quasiparticle and Ground state

Heat capacity

Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature.

See Quasiparticle and Heat capacity

Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element; it has symbol He and atomic number 2. Quasiparticle and Helium are quantum phases.

See Quasiparticle and Helium

Helium-3

Helium-3 (3He see also helion) is a light, stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron.

See Quasiparticle and Helium-3

Herbertsmithite

Herbertsmithite is a mineral with chemical structure ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2.

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Hopfion

A hopfion is a topological soliton.

See Quasiparticle and Hopfion

Instanton

An instanton (or pseudoparticle) is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics.

See Quasiparticle and Instanton

Kinetic theory of gases

The kinetic theory of gases is a simple classical model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases.

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Lev Gor'kov

Lev Petrovich Gor'kov (Лев Петро́вич Горько́в; 14 June 1929 – 28 December 2016) was a Russian-American research physicist internationally known for his pioneering work in the field of superconductivity.

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Lev Landau

Lev Davidovich Landau (Лев Дави́дович Ланда́у; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics.

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List of quasiparticles

This is a list of quasiparticles.

See Quasiparticle and List of quasiparticles

Lorentz covariance

In relativistic physics, Lorentz symmetry or Lorentz invariance, named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz, is an equivalence of observation or observational symmetry due to special relativity implying that the laws of physics stay the same for all observers that are moving with respect to one another within an inertial frame.

See Quasiparticle and Lorentz covariance

Magnetic monopole

In particle physics, a magnetic monopole is a hypothetical elementary particle that is an isolated magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or vice versa).

See Quasiparticle and Magnetic monopole

Magnon

A magnon is a quasiparticle, a collective excitation of the spin structure of an electron in a crystal lattice.

See Quasiparticle and Magnon

Majorana fermion

A Majorana fermion (uploaded 19 April 2013, retrieved 5 October 2014; and also based on the pronunciation of physicist's name.), also referred to as a Majorana particle, is a fermion that is its own antiparticle.

See Quasiparticle and Majorana fermion

Many-body problem

The many-body problem is a general name for a vast category of physical problems pertaining to the properties of microscopic systems made of many interacting particles.

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Mean-field theory

In physics and probability theory, Mean-field theory (MFT) or Self-consistent field theory studies the behavior of high-dimensional random (stochastic) models by studying a simpler model that approximates the original by averaging over degrees of freedom (the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary).

See Quasiparticle and Mean-field theory

Michael F. Crommie

Michael F. Crommie (born December 1961) is an American physicist, a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Mineral

In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.

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Nature Materials

Nature Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio.

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Neutron

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Partial differential equation

In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which computes a function between various partial derivatives of a multivariable function.

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Particle

In the physical sciences, a particle (or corpuscule in older texts) is a small localized object which can be described by several physical or chemical properties, such as volume, density, or mass.

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Particle physics

Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.

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Phonon

A phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, specifically in solids and some liquids.

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Photon

A photon is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.

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Plasma (physics)

Plasma is one of four fundamental states of matter (the other three being solid, liquid, and gas) characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons.

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Plasma oscillation

Plasma oscillations, also known as Langmuir waves (after Irving Langmuir), are rapid oscillations of the electron density in conducting media such as plasmas or metals in the ultraviolet region.

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Plasmon

In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation.

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Polariton

In physics, polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation.

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Polarization density

In classical electromagnetism, polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material.

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Polaron

A polaron is a quasiparticle used in condensed matter physics to understand the interactions between electrons and atoms in a solid material.

See Quasiparticle and Polaron

Proton

A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol, H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).

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Quantum

In physics, a quantum (quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction.

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Quantum field theory

In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics.

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Quantum fluid

A quantum fluid refers to any system that exhibits quantum mechanical effects at the macroscopic level such as superfluids, superconductors, ultracold atoms, etc. Quasiparticle and quantum fluid are condensed matter physics and quantum phases.

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.

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Quantum mirage

In physics, a quantum mirage is a peculiar result in quantum chaos.

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Quantum spin liquid

In condensed matter physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quasiparticle and quantum spin liquid are condensed matter physics.

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Refractive index

In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium.

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Roton

In theoretical physics, a roton is an elementary excitation, or quasiparticle, seen in superfluid helium-4 and Bose–Einstein condensates with long-range dipolar interactions or spin-orbit coupling.

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Scanning tunneling microscope

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a type of scanning probe microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.

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Scattering

In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass. Quasiparticle and scattering are condensed matter physics and physical phenomena.

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Schrödinger equation

The Schrödinger equation is a partial differential equation that governs the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system.

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Science Advances

Science Advances is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary open-access scientific journal established in early 2015 and published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

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Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material that has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as copper, and an insulator, such as glass.

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Skyrmion

In particle theory, the skyrmion is a topologically stable field configuration of a certain class of non-linear sigma models.

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Solid

Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter along with liquid, gas, and plasma.

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Sound

In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.

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Special relativity

In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time.

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Spin (physics)

Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such as hadrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms.

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Spin ice

A spin ice is a magnetic substance that does not have a single minimal-energy state. Quasiparticle and spin ice are condensed matter physics.

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Spin wave

In condensed matter physics, a spin wave is a propagating disturbance in the ordering of a magnetic material.

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Spin–charge separation

In condensed matter physics, spin–charge separation is an unusual behavior of electrons in some materials in which they 'split' into three independent particles, the spinon, the orbiton and the holon (or chargon). Quasiparticle and spin–charge separation are condensed matter physics.

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Spinon

Spinons are one of three quasiparticles, along with holons and orbitons, that electrons in solids are able to split into during the process of spin–charge separation, when extremely tightly confined at temperatures close to absolute zero.

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Strongly correlated materials are a wide class of compounds that include insulators and electronic materials, and show unusual (often technologically useful) electronic and magnetic properties, such as metal-insulator transitions, heavy fermion behavior, half-metallicity, and spin-charge separation. Quasiparticle and Strongly correlated material are condensed matter physics.

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Superconductivity

Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Quasiparticle and Superconductivity are condensed matter physics, physical phenomena and quantum phases.

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Superfluidity

Superfluidity is the characteristic property of a fluid with zero viscosity which therefore flows without any loss of kinetic energy. Quasiparticle and Superfluidity are condensed matter physics, physical phenomena and quantum phases.

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Thermal fluctuations

In statistical mechanics, thermal fluctuations are random deviations of an atomic system from its average state, that occur in a system at equilibrium.

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Vacuum

A vacuum (vacuums or vacua) is space devoid of matter. Quasiparticle and vacuum are physical phenomena.

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Valence and conduction bands

In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid.

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Virtual particle

A virtual particle is a theoretical transient particle that exhibits some of the characteristics of an ordinary particle, while having its existence limited by the uncertainty principle, which allows the virtual particles to spontaneously emerge from vacuum at short time and space ranges.

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Vlasov equation

The Vlasov equation is a differential equation describing time evolution of the distribution function of plasma consisting of charged particles with long-range interaction, such as the Coulomb interaction.

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Vortex

In fluid dynamics, a vortex (vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved.

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Wave interference

In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference.

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Weyl semimetals are semimetals or metals whose quasiparticle excitation is the Weyl fermion, a particle that played a crucial role in quantum field theory but has not been observed as a fundamental particle in vacuum. Quasiparticle and Weyl semimetal are condensed matter physics.

See Quasiparticle and Weyl semimetal

See also

Mesoscopic physics

Quantum phases

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiparticle

Also known as Collective excitation, Collective excitations, Quasi-particle, Quasiparticles.

, Magnon, Majorana fermion, Many-body problem, Mean-field theory, Michael F. Crommie, Mineral, Nature Materials, Neutron, Partial differential equation, Particle, Particle physics, Phonon, Photon, Plasma (physics), Plasma oscillation, Plasmon, Polariton, Polarization density, Polaron, Proton, Quantum, Quantum field theory, Quantum fluid, Quantum mechanics, Quantum mirage, Quantum spin liquid, Refractive index, Roton, Scanning tunneling microscope, Scattering, Schrödinger equation, Science Advances, Semiconductor, Skyrmion, Solid, Sound, Special relativity, Spin (physics), Spin ice, Spin wave, Spin–charge separation, Spinon, Strongly correlated material, Superconductivity, Superfluidity, Thermal fluctuations, Vacuum, Valence and conduction bands, Virtual particle, Vlasov equation, Vortex, Wave interference, Weyl semimetal.