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Quinoa, the Glossary

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa;, from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family.^[1]

155 relations: Agriculture, Aimé Bonpland, Alexander von Humboldt, Amaranth, Amaranthaceae, Amaranthus caudatus, Andes, Annual plant, Antiseptic, Arica, Australasia, B vitamins, Berlin, Betalain, Biotic stress, Botanical name, Botany, Breeding program, Carbohydrate, Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Cash crop, Cereal, Chaff, Chametz, Chenopodium, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium berlandieri, Chenopodium nuttalliae, Chenopodium pallidicaule, Chiloé Archipelago, Chinchorro culture, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, Chromosome, Colorado, Controlled ecological life-support system, Convenience food, Crop, Crop rotation, Crop yield, Cuisine of Chiloé, Cultivar, Dicotyledon, Dietary fiber, Ecotype, Fat, Flour, Folate, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, Food energy, ... Expand index (105 more) »
2010s in food
Chenopodium
Crops originating from Peru
Crops originating from Pre-Columbian North America
Pseudocereals
Quechua words and phrases

Agriculture

Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.

See Quinoa and Agriculture

Aimé Bonpland

Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland (22 August 1773 – 11 May 1858) was a French explorer and botanist who traveled with Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America from 1799 to 1804.

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Alexander von Humboldt

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

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Amaranthus is a cosmopolitan group of more than 50 species which make up the genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants collectively known as amaranths. Quinoa and amaranth are leaf vegetables, pseudocereals and Tropical agriculture.

See Quinoa and Amaranth

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus.

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Amaranthus caudatus

Amaranthus caudatus (also known as Amaranthus edulis and Amaranthus mantegazzianus) is a species of annual flowering plant. Quinoa and Amaranthus caudatus are leaf vegetables and pseudocereals.

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Andes

The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America.

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Annual plant

An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies.

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Antiseptic

An antiseptic (lit and label) is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection or putrefaction.

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Arica

Arica is a commune and a port city with a population of 222,619 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region.

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Australasia

Australasia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising Australia, New Zealand, and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean.

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B vitamins

B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

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Betalain

Betalains are a class of red and yellow tyrosine-derived pigments found in plants of the order Caryophyllales, where they replace anthocyanin pigments.

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Biotic stress

Biotic stress is stress that occurs as a result of damage done to an organism by other living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plants.

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Botanical name

A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP).

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Botany

Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.

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Breeding program

A breeding programme is the planned breeding of a group of animals or plants, usually involving at least several individuals and extending over several generations.

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Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).

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Carl Ludwig Willdenow

Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist.

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Cash crop

A cash crop, also called profit crop, is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit.

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Cereal

A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain.

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Chaff

Chaff is dry, scale-like plant material such as the protective seed casings of cereal grains, the scale-like parts of flowers, or finely chopped straw.

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Chametz

Chametz (also chometz,, ḥameṣ, ḥameç and other spellings transliterated from חָמֵץ / חמץ) are foods with leavening agents that are forbidden to Jews on the holiday of Passover.

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Chenopodium

Chenopodium is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoot, which occur almost anywhere in the world.

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Chenopodium album

Chenopodium album is a fast-growing annual plant in the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae. Quinoa and Chenopodium album are Chenopodium and leaf vegetables.

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Chenopodium berlandieri

Chenopodium berlandieri, also known by the common names pitseed goosefoot, lamb's quarters (or lambsquarters), and huauzontle (Nahuatl) is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Amaranthaceae. Quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri are Chenopodium, crops originating from Pre-Columbian North America, leaf vegetables and pseudocereals.

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Chenopodium nuttalliae

Chenopodium nuttalliae is a species of edible plant native to Mexico. Quinoa and Chenopodium nuttalliae are Chenopodium.

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Chenopodium pallidicaule

Chenopodium pallidicaule, known as cañihua, canihua or cañahua (from Quechua 'qañiwa, qañawa or qañawi') and also kañiwa or kaniwa, is a species of goosefoot, similar in character and uses to the closely related quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Quinoa and Chenopodium pallidicaule are Chenopodium and pseudocereals.

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Chiloé Archipelago

The Chiloé Archipelago (Archipiélago de Chiloé) is a group of islands lying off the coast of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region.

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Chinchorro culture

The Chinchorro culture of South America was a preceramic culture that lasted from 9,100 to 3,500 years BP (7,000 to 1,500 BCE).

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Christiaan Hendrik Persoon

Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1 February 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a Cape Colony mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy.

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Chromosome

A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.

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Colorado

Colorado (other variants) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Controlled ecological life-support system

Controlled (or closed) ecological life-support systems (acronym CELSS) are a self-supporting life support system for space stations and colonies typically through controlled closed ecological systems, such as the BioHome, BIOS-3, Biosphere 2, Mars Desert Research Station, and Yuegong-1.

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Convenience food

Convenience food (also called tertiary processed food) is food that is commercially prepared (often through processing) for ease of consumption, and is usually ready to eat without further preparation.

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Crop

A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence.

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Crop rotation

Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons.

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Crop yield

In agriculture, the yield is a measurement of the amount of a crop grown, or product such as wool, meat or milk produced, per unit area of land.

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Cuisine of Chiloé

The cuisine of Chiloé is a distinct form of cuisine from Chiloé Archipelago.

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Cultivar

A cultivar is a kind of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and which retains those traits when propagated.

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Dicotyledon

The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided.

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Dietary fiber

Dietary fiber (fibre in Commonwealth English) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes.

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Ecotype

In evolutionary ecology, an ecotype,Greek: οίκος.

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Fat

In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food.

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Flour

Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains, roots, beans, nuts, or seeds. Quinoa and Flour are staple foods.

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Folate

Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsOrganisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura.

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Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database

The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) website disseminates statistical data collected and maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

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Food energy

Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from their food to sustain their metabolism, including their muscular activity.

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Food security

Food security is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

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Fruit (plant structure)

Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers.

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Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology.

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Genetic erosion

Genetic erosion (also known as genetic depletion) is a process where the limited gene pool of an endangered species diminishes even more when reproductive individuals die off before reproducing with others in their endangered low population.

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

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Germination

Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore.

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Gluten-free diet

A gluten-free diet (GFD) is a nutritional plan that strictly excludes gluten, which is a mixture of prolamin proteins found in wheat (and all of its species and hybrids, such as spelt, kamut, and triticale), as well as barley, rye, and oats. Quinoa and gluten-free diet are 2010s in food.

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Growing season

A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and the amount of daylight.

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Hachette Livre

Hachette Livre (or simply known as Hachette) is a French publishing group that was based in Paris.

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Heredity

Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

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Husk

Husk (or hull) in botany is the outer shell or coating of a seed.

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Idaho

Idaho is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Inca Empire

The Inca Empire, officially known as the Realm of the Four Parts (Tawantinsuyu, "four parts together"), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.

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Intensive farming

Intensive agriculture, also known as intensive farming (as opposed to extensive farming), conventional, or industrial agriculture, is a type of agriculture, both of crop plants and of animals, with higher levels of input and output per unit of agricultural land area.

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John Torrey

John Torrey (August 15, 1796 – March 10, 1873) was an American botanist, chemist, and physician.

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Kashrut

(also or, כַּשְׁרוּת) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law.

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Kosher certification agency

A kosher certification agency is an organization or certifying authority that grants a hechsher (הכשר, "seal of approval") to ingredients, packaged foods, beverages, and certain materials, as well as food-service providers and facilities in which kosher food is prepared or served.

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Lake Pacucha

Lake Pacucha is a lake in the Apurímac Region in Peru.

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Lake Titicaca

Lake Titicaca (Lago Titicaca; Titiqaqa Qucha) is a large freshwater lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru.

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Landrace

A landrace is a domesticated, locally adapted, often traditional variety of a species of animal or plant that has developed over time, through adaptation to its natural and cultural environment of agriculture and pastoralism, and due to isolation from other populations of the species.

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Leaf

A leaf (leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis.

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Leaf miner

A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants.

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Legume

Legumes are plants in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seeds of such plants. Quinoa and Legume are staple foods.

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Lupinus mutabilis

Lupinus mutabilis is a species of lupin grown in the Andes, mainly for its edible bean. Quinoa and Lupinus mutabilis are crops originating from Peru.

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Magnesium in biology

Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain. Quinoa and Maize are crops originating from Pre-Columbian North America, staple foods and Tropical agriculture.

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Manganese

Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.

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Mapuche

The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia.

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Micronutrient

Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities to regulate physiological functions of cells and organs.

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Millennium Development Goals

In the United Nations, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals for the year 2015 created following the Millennium Summit, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.

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Mineral (nutrient)

In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element.

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Mode of production

In the Marxist theory of historical materialism, a mode of production (German: Produktionsweise, "the way of producing") is a specific combination of the.

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Mount Vernon, Washington

Mount Vernon is the most populous city in, and county seat of, Skagit County, Washington, United States.

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Nahuel Huapi Lake

Nahuel Huapi Lake (Lago Nahuel Huapi) is an Andean lake in the lake region of northern Patagonia between the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, in Argentina.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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National Post

The National Post is a Canadian English-language broadsheet newspaper and the flagship publication of Postmedia Network.

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Nature Plants

Nature Plants is a monthly peer-reviewed online-only scientific journal covering all aspects of plants and plant biology.

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Neglected and underutilized crop

Neglected and under-utilised crops are domesticated plant species used for food, medicine, trading, or cultural practices within local communities but not widely commodified or studied as part of mainstream agriculture.

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New Scientist

New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Norte Grande

The Norte Grande (Big North, Far North, Great North) is one of the five natural regions into which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950.

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Nutrition

Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.

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Nutritional value

Nutritional value or nutritive value as part of food quality is the measure of a well-balanced ratio of the essential nutrients carbohydrates, fat, protein, minerals, and vitamins in items of food or diet concerning the nutrient requirements of their consumer.

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Orator F. Cook

Orator Fuller Cook Jr. (May 28, 1867 – April 23, 1949) was an American botanist, entomologist, and agronomist, known for his work on cotton and rubber cultivation and for coining the term "speciation" to describe the process by which new species arise from existing ones.

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Orthodox Union

The Orthodox Union (abbreviated OU) is one of the largest Orthodox Jewish organizations in the United States.

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Ovary (botany)

In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium.

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Ovule

In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells.

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Oxalic acid

Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and chemical formula, also written as or or.

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Palatability

Palatability (or palatableness) is the hedonic reward (which is pleasure of taste in this case) provided by foods or fluids that are agreeable to the "palate", which often varies relative to the homeostatic satisfaction of nutritional and/or water needs.

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Palouse

The Palouse is a distinct geographic region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of north central Idaho, southeastern Washington, and, by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon.

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Panicle

A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence.

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Passover

Passover, also called Pesach, is a major Jewish holidayand one of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals.

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Petal

Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers.

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Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15.

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Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root.

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Ploidy

Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.

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Poaceae

Poaceae, also called Gramineae, is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.

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Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds.

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Polyploidy

Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than one pair of (homologous) chromosomes.

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Potato

The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Quinoa and potato are crops originating from Peru and staple foods.

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Poverty

Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain standard of living.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protein (nutrient)

Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body.

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Pseudocereal

A pseudocereal or pseudograin is one of any non-grasses that are used in much the same way as cereals (true cereals are grasses). Quinoa and pseudocereal are pseudocereals.

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Public good (economics)

In economics, a public good (also referred to as a social good or collective good)Oakland, W. H. (1987).

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Quechuan languages

Quechua, also called Runasimi ('people's language') in Southern Quechua, is an indigenous language family that originated in central Peru and thereafter spread to other countries of the Andes.

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Quito

Quito (Kitu), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area.

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Reference Daily Intake

In the U.S. and Canada, the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is used in nutrition labeling on food and dietary supplement products to indicate the daily intake level of a nutrient that is considered to be sufficient to meet the requirements of 97–98% of healthy individuals in every demographic in the United States.

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RELX

RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London, England.

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Salt marsh

A salt marsh, saltmarsh or salting, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides.

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Salvia hispanica

Salvia hispanica, one of several related species commonly known as chia, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. Quinoa and Salvia hispanica are crops originating from Pre-Columbian North America and pseudocereals.

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San Luis Valley

The San Luis Valley is a region in south-central Colorado with a small portion overlapping into New Mexico.

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Saponin

Saponins (Latin "sapon", soap + "-in", one of), also selectively referred to as triterpene glycosides, are bitter-tasting usually toxic plant-derived organic chemicals that have a foamy quality when agitated in water.

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School Breakfast Program

The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded meal program that provides free and reduced cost breakfasts to children at public and private schools, and child care facilities in the United States.

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Seed

In botany, a seed is a plant embryo and food reserve enclosed in a protective outer covering called a seed coat (testa).

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Seedbed

A seedbed or seedling bed is the local soil environment in which seeds are planted.

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Selective breeding

Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.

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Self-pollination

Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen from one plant arrives at the stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) or at the ovule (in gymnosperms) of the same plant.

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Skagit River

The Skagit River is a river in southwestern British Columbia in Canada and northwestern Washington in the United States, approximately 150 mi (240 km) long.

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Skagit Valley Herald

The Skagit Valley Herald is a daily newspaper serving Skagit County, Washington.

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Snake River Plain

gorges, such as this one near Twin Falls, Idaho The Snake River Plain is a geologic feature located primarily within the U.S. state of Idaho.

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Soil pH

Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil.

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Spaceflight

Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board.

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Spinach

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a leafy green flowering plant native to central and Western Asia. Quinoa and Spinach are leaf vegetables.

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Subsistence agriculture

Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings. Quinoa and Subsistence agriculture are Tropical agriculture.

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Subsistence economy

A subsistence economy is an economy directed to basic subsistence, the provision of food, clothing, shelter rather than to the market.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Spokesman-Review

The Spokesman-Review is a daily broadsheet newspaper based in Spokane, Washington, the city's sole remaining daily publication.

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Threshing

Threshing or thrashing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached.

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Tonne

The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.

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Toxicity category rating

In, the EPA established four Toxicity Categories for acute hazards of pesticide products, with "Category I" being the highest toxicity category (toxicity class).

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Traditional medicine

Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies, including indigenous peoples, before the era of modern medicine.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoa

Also known as Chenopodium quinoa, International Year of Quinoa, Keemwa, Keenwa, Kinoa, Kinoah, Kinua, Kinuah, Kinwa, Quineoa, Quinnoa.

, Food security, Fruit (plant structure), Genetic engineering, Genetic erosion, Genome, Germination, Gluten-free diet, Growing season, Hachette Livre, Heredity, Husk, Idaho, Inca Empire, Intensive farming, John Torrey, Kashrut, Kosher certification agency, Lake Pacucha, Lake Titicaca, Landrace, Leaf, Leaf miner, Legume, Lupinus mutabilis, Magnesium in biology, Maize, Manganese, Mapuche, Micronutrient, Millennium Development Goals, Mineral (nutrient), Mode of production, Mount Vernon, Washington, Nahuel Huapi Lake, NASA, National Post, Nature Plants, Neglected and underutilized crop, New Scientist, Nitrogen, Norte Grande, Nutrition, Nutritional value, Orator F. Cook, Orthodox Union, Ovary (botany), Ovule, Oxalic acid, Palatability, Palouse, Panicle, Passover, Petal, Phosphorus, Plant stem, Ploidy, Poaceae, Pollination, Polyploidy, Potato, Poverty, Protein, Protein (nutrient), Pseudocereal, Public good (economics), Quechuan languages, Quito, Reference Daily Intake, RELX, Salt marsh, Salvia hispanica, San Luis Valley, Saponin, School Breakfast Program, Seed, Seedbed, Selective breeding, Self-pollination, Skagit River, Skagit Valley Herald, Snake River Plain, Soil pH, Spaceflight, Spinach, Subsistence agriculture, Subsistence economy, The New York Times, The Spokesman-Review, Threshing, Tonne, Toxicity category rating, Traditional medicine, United Nations, United Nations General Assembly, University of Birmingham, Urban refugee, Validly published name, Veganism, Washington State University, Western Washington, Wheat, William Edwin Safford, Winnowing, Zinc, 2010s in food in the United States.

Quinoa, the Glossary

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