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Recession, the Glossary

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.^[1]

155 relations: Aggregate demand, Animal spirits (Keynes), Anti-competitive practices, Availability heuristic, Balance of trade, Balance sheet, Black Monday (1987), Brexit, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business cycle, Business sector, Capital (economics), Claudia Sahm, CNN Business, Commodity, Competition law, Conference Board Leading Economic Index, Consumer spending, Council of Economic Advisers, COVID-19, COVID-19 recession, Credit crunch, Deficit spending, Deflation, Demand shock, Disinflation, Dow Jones Industrial Average, Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium, Early 1980s recession, Early 1990s recession, Early 2000s recession, Economic bubble, Economic collapse, Economic depression, Economic stagnation, Economics, Economy of France, Economy of Germany, Economy of Italy, Eurozone, Federal funds rate, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Federal Reserve Board of Governors, Federal Reserve Economic Data, Feedback, Financial crisis, Fiscal policy, Fixed income, ... Expand index (105 more) »
Business cycle
Recessions

Aggregate demand

In economics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

See Recession and Aggregate demand

Animal spirits is a term used by John Maynard Keynes in his 1936 book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money to describe the instincts, proclivities and emotions that seemingly influence human behavior, which can be measured in terms of consumer confidence.

See Recession and Animal spirits (Keynes)

Anti-competitive practices

Anti-competitive practices are business or government practices that prevent or reduce competition in a market.

See Recession and Anti-competitive practices

Availability heuristic

The availability heuristic, also known as availability bias, is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.

See Recession and Availability heuristic

Balance of trade

Balance of trade is the difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports over a certain time period.

See Recession and Balance of trade

Balance sheet

In financial accounting, a balance sheet (also known as statement of financial position or statement of financial condition) is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as government or not-for-profit entity.

See Recession and Balance sheet

Black Monday (1987)

Black Monday (also known as Black Tuesday in some parts of the world due to time zone differences) was the global, severe and largely unexpected stock market crash on Monday, October 19, 1987.

See Recession and Black Monday (1987)

Brexit

Brexit (portmanteau of "British exit") was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).

See Recession and Brexit

Bureau of Economic Analysis

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the United States Department of Commerce is a U.S. government agency that provides official macroeconomic and industry statistics, most notably reports about the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States and its various units—states, cities/towns/townships/villages/counties, and metropolitan areas.

See Recession and Bureau of Economic Analysis

Bureau of Labor Statistics

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a unit of the United States Department of Labor.

See Recession and Bureau of Labor Statistics

Business cycle

Business cycles are intervals of general expansion followed by recession in economic performance.

See Recession and Business cycle

Business sector

In economics, the business sector or corporate sector - sometimes popularly called simply "business" - is "the part of the economy made up by companies".

See Recession and Business sector

Capital (economics)

In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services.

See Recession and Capital (economics)

Claudia Sahm

Claudia Rae Sahm (née Foster) is an American economist, currently serving as Chief Economist for New Century Advisors.

See Recession and Claudia Sahm

CNN Business

CNN Business (formerly CNN Money) is a financial news and information website, operated by CNN.

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Commodity

In economics, a commodity is an economic good, usually a resource, that specifically has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them.

See Recession and Commodity

Competition law

Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies.

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Conference Board Leading Economic Index

The Conference Board Leading Economic Index is an American economic leading indicator intended to forecast future economic activity.

See Recession and Conference Board Leading Economic Index

Consumer spending

Consumer spending is the total money spent on final goods and services by individuals and households.

See Recession and Consumer spending

Council of Economic Advisers

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a United States agency within the Executive Office of the President established in 1946, which advises the president of the United States on economic policy.

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COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

See Recession and COVID-19

COVID-19 recession

The COVID-19 recession, also known as the Great Lockdown, was a global economic recession caused by COVID-19 lockdowns. Recession and COVID-19 recession are recessions.

See Recession and COVID-19 recession

Credit crunch

A credit crunch (also known as a credit squeeze, credit tightening or credit crisis) is a sudden reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from banks.

See Recession and Credit crunch

Deficit spending

Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit, the opposite of budget surplus.

See Recession and Deficit spending

Deflation

In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.

See Recession and Deflation

Demand shock

In economics, a demand shock is a sudden event that increases or decreases demand for goods or services temporarily.

See Recession and Demand shock

Disinflation

Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation – a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general price level of goods and services in a nation's gross domestic product over time.

See Recession and Disinflation

Dow Jones Industrial Average

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Dow Jones, or simply the Dow, is a stock market index of 30 prominent companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States.

See Recession and Dow Jones Industrial Average

Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium

Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling (abbreviated as DSGE, or DGE, or sometimes SDGE) is a macroeconomic method which is often employed by monetary and fiscal authorities for policy analysis, explaining historical time-series data, as well as future forecasting purposes.

See Recession and Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium

Early 1980s recession

The early 1980s recession was a severe economic recession that affected much of the world between approximately the start of 1980 and 1982. Recession and early 1980s recession are recessions.

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Early 1990s recession

The early 1990s recession describes the period of economic downturn affecting much of the Western world in the early 1990s. Recession and early 1990s recession are recessions.

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Early 2000s recession

The early 2000s recession was a major decline in economic activity which mainly occurred in developed countries.

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Economic bubble

An economic bubble (also called a speculative bubble or a financial bubble) is a period when current asset prices greatly exceed their intrinsic valuation, being the valuation that the underlying long-term fundamentals justify. Recession and economic bubble are business cycle.

See Recession and Economic bubble

Economic collapse

Economic collapse, also called economic meltdown, is any of a broad range of bad economic conditions, ranging from a severe, prolonged depression with high bankruptcy rates and high unemployment (such as the Great Depression of the 1930s), to a breakdown in normal commerce caused by hyperinflation (such as in Weimar Germany in the 1920s), or even an economically caused sharp rise in the death rate and perhaps even a decline in population (such as in countries of the former USSR in the 1990s).

See Recession and Economic collapse

Economic depression

An economic depression is a period of carried long-term economic downturn that is the result of lowered economic activity in one major or more national economies. Recession and economic depression are recessions.

See Recession and Economic depression

Economic stagnation

Economic stagnation is a prolonged period of slow economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth), usually accompanied by high unemployment. Recession and economic stagnation are business cycle and unemployment.

See Recession and Economic stagnation

Economics

Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Economy of France

The economy of France is a highly developed social market economy with notable state participation in strategic sectors.

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Economy of Germany

The economy of Germany is a highly developed social market economy.

See Recession and Economy of Germany

Economy of Italy

The economy of Italy is a highly developed social market economy.

See Recession and Economy of Italy

Eurozone

The euro area, commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.

See Recession and Eurozone

Federal funds rate

In the United States, the federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions (banks and credit unions) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight on an uncollateralized basis.

See Recession and Federal funds rate

Federal Reserve Bank of New York

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the United States.

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

The Federal Reserve Bank of St.

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Federal Reserve Board of Governors

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, commonly known as the Federal Reserve Board, is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System.

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Federal Reserve Economic Data

Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) is a database maintained by the Research division of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis that has more than 816,000 economic time series from various sources.

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Feedback

Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

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Financial crisis

A financial crisis is any of a broad variety of situations in which some financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value.

See Recession and Financial crisis

Fiscal policy

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy.

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Fixed income

Fixed income refers to any type of investment under which the borrower or issuer is obliged to make payments of a fixed amount on a fixed schedule.

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Flooding the market

Flooding the market is an excess amount of inventory for sale causing an undesired drop in price for the product that can, in extreme cases, make the price go negative or make the products impossible to sell at any price.

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Foreclosure

Foreclosure is a legal process in which a lender attempts to recover the balance of a loan from a borrower who has stopped making payments to the lender by forcing the sale of the asset used as the collateral for the loan.

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Foreign direct investment

A foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset (e.g. purchase of land and building).

See Recession and Foreign direct investment

Frederic Mishkin

Frederic Stanley "Rick" Mishkin (born January 11, 1951) is an American economist and Alfred Lerner professor of Banking and Financial Institutions at the Graduate School of Business, Columbia University.

See Recession and Frederic Mishkin

Friedman's k-percent rule

In macroeconomics, Friedman's k-percent rule (named for Milton Friedman) is the monetarist proposal that the money supply should be increased by the central bank by a constant percentage rate every year, irrespective of business cycles.

See Recession and Friedman's k-percent rule

Government spending

Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments.

See Recession and Government spending

Great Depression

The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world. Recession and Great Depression are recessions.

See Recession and Great Depression

Great Recession

The Great Recession was a period of marked decline in economies around the world that occurred in the late 2000s. Recession and Great Recession are recessions.

See Recession and Great Recession

Great Recession in the United States

In the United States, the Great Recession was a severe financial crisis combined with a deep recession.

See Recession and Great Recession in the United States

Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.

See Recession and Gross domestic product

Gross national income

The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign financial output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents.

See Recession and Gross national income

Hazard

A hazard is a potential source of harm.

See Recession and Hazard

Hindu rate of growth

The term "Hindu rate of growth" was coined by the Indian economist Raj Krishna in 1978.

See Recession and Hindu rate of growth

HM Treasury

His Majesty's Treasury (HM Treasury), occasionally referred to as the Exchequer, or more informally the Treasury, is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

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Household debt

Household debt is the combined debt of all people in a household, including consumer debt and mortgage loans.

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Hyman Minsky

Hyman Philip Minsky (September 23, 1919 – October 24, 1996) was an American economist, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis, and a distinguished scholar at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

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Income distribution

In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population.

See Recession and Income distribution

Industrial production

Industrial production is a measure of output of the industrial sector of the economy.

See Recession and Industrial production

Inflation

In economics, inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy.

See Recession and Inflation

Inflationism

Inflationism is a heterodox economic, fiscal, or monetary policy, that predicts that a substantial level of inflation is harmless, desirable or even advantageous.

See Recession and Inflationism

Interest rate

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed (called the principal sum).

See Recession and Interest rate

International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.

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Inventory bounce

Inventory bounce is a term used in economics to describe an economy's bounce back to normal GDP levels after a recession.

See Recession and Inventory bounce

Inverted yield curve

In finance, an inverted yield curve is a yield curve in which short-term debt instruments (typically bonds) have a greater yield than longer term bonds.

See Recession and Inverted yield curve

Janet Yellen

Janet Louise Yellen (born August 13, 1946) is an American economist serving as the 78th United States secretary of the treasury since January 26, 2021.

See Recession and Janet Yellen

John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist and philosopher whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

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Julius Shiskin

Julius Shiskin (October 13, 1912 – October 28, 1978) was an American economist.

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Keynesian economics

Keynesian economics (sometimes Keynesianism, named after British economist John Maynard Keynes) are the various macroeconomic theories and models of how aggregate demand (total spending in the economy) strongly influences economic output and inflation.

See Recession and Keynesian economics

Korea

Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.

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Liberty Fund

Liberty Fund, Inc. is a nonprofit foundation headquartered in Carmel, Indiana, which promotes the libertarian views of its founder, Pierre F. Goodrich through publishing, conferences, and educational resources.

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Liquidity trap

A liquidity trap is a situation, described in Keynesian economics, in which, "after the rate of interest has fallen to a certain level, liquidity preference may become virtually absolute in the sense that almost everyone prefers holding cash rather than holding a debt (financial instrument) which yields so low a rate of interest."Keynes, John Maynard (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 edition, A liquidity trap is caused when people hold cash because they expect an adverse event such as deflation, insufficient aggregate demand, or war.

See Recession and Liquidity trap

List of recessions in the United Kingdom

This is a list of recessions (and depressions) that have affected the economy of the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. Recession and list of recessions in the United Kingdom are recessions.

See Recession and List of recessions in the United Kingdom

List of recessions in the United States

There have been as many as 48 recessions in the United States dating back to the Articles of Confederation, and although economists and historians dispute certain 19th-century recessions, the consensus view among economists and historians is that "The cyclical volatility of GDP and unemployment was greater before the Great Depression than it has been since the end of World War II." Cycles in the country's agricultural production, industrial production, consumption, business investment, and the health of the banking industry contribute to these declines.

See Recession and List of recessions in the United States

Lost Decades

The Lost Decades are a lengthy period of economic stagnation in Japan precipitated by the asset price bubble's collapse beginning in 1990.

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Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.

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Mercantilism

Mercantilism is a nationalist economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy.

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Mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are business transactions in which the ownership of companies, business organizations, or their operating units are transferred to or consolidated with another company or business organization.

See Recession and Mergers and acquisitions

Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist and statistician who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy.

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Monetarism

Monetarism is a school of thought in monetary economics that emphasizes the role of policy-makers in controlling the amount of money in circulation.

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Monetary policy

Monetary policy is the policy adopted by the monetary authority of a nation to affect monetary and other financial conditions to accomplish broader objectives like high employment and price stability (normally interpreted as a low and stable rate of inflation).

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Money

Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context.

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Money illusion

In economics, money illusion, or price illusion, is a cognitive bias where money is thought of in nominal, rather than real terms.

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Money supply

In macroeconomics, money supply (or money stock) refers to the total volume of money held by the public at a particular point in time.

See Recession and Money supply

Moody's Ratings

Moody's Ratings, previously known as Moody's Investors Service, often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name.

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Moving average

In statistics, a moving average (rolling average or running average or moving mean or rolling mean) is a calculation to analyze data points by creating a series of averages of different selections of the full data set.

See Recession and Moving average

National Bureau of Economic Research

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

See Recession and National Bureau of Economic Research

Natural disaster

A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community after a natural hazard event.

See Recession and Natural disaster

Natural rate of unemployment

The natural rate of unemployment is the name that was given to a key concept in the study of economic activity. Recession and natural rate of unemployment are unemployment.

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Negative equity

Negative equity is a deficit of owner's equity, occurring when the value of an asset used to secure a loan is less than the outstanding balance on the loan.

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Neoclassical economics

Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model.

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New Keynesian economics

New Keynesian economics is a school of macroeconomics that strives to provide microeconomic foundations for Keynesian economics.

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Normalcy bias

Normalcy bias, or normality bias, is a cognitive bias which leads people to disbelieve or minimize threat warnings.

See Recession and Normalcy bias

OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Output gap

The GDP gap or the output gap is the difference between actual GDP or actual output and potential GDP, in an attempt to identify the current economic position over the business cycle.

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Overproduction

In economics, overproduction, oversupply, excess of supply or glut refers to excess of supply over demand of products being offered to the market. Recession and overproduction are business cycle.

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Pandemic

A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has a sudden increase in cases and spreads across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals.

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Paradox of thrift

The paradox of thrift (or paradox of saving) is a paradox of economics.

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Paul Krugman

Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and a columnist for The New York Times.

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Paul Volcker

Paul Adolph Volcker Jr. (September 5, 1927 – December 8, 2019) was an American economist who served as the 12th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1987.

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Prakash Loungani

Prakash Loungani is a macroeconomist known for his work on the difficulty of forecasting recessions (“the record of failure to predict recessions is virtually unblemished”), which has been featured in the Financial Times and The Guardian and on the BBC.

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Private sector

The private sector is the part of the economy which is owned by private groups, usually as a means of establishment for profit or non profit, rather than being owned by the government.

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Productivity

Productivity is the efficiency of production of goods or services expressed by some measure.

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Profit (accounting)

Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the owner in a profitable market production process (business).

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Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

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Pushing on a string

Pushing on a string is a figure of speech for influence that is more effective in moving things in one direction than another – you can pull, but not push. If something is connected to someone by a string, they can move it toward themselves by pulling on the string, but they cannot move it away from themselves by pushing on the string.

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Quantitative easing

Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy action where a central bank purchases predetermined amounts of government bonds or other financial assets in order to stimulate economic activity.

See Recession and Quantitative easing

Real estate

Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as growing crops (e.g. timber), minerals or water, and wild animals; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more generally) buildings or housing in general.

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Real gross domestic product

Real gross domestic product (real GDP) is a macroeconomic measure of the value of economic output adjusted for price changes (i.e. inflation or deflation).

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Real income

Real income is the income of individuals or nations after adjusting for inflation.

See Recession and Real income

Recession shapes

Recession shapes or recovery shapes are used by economists to describe different types of recessions and their subsequent recoveries. Recession and recession shapes are recessions.

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Recreational vehicle

A recreational vehicle, often abbreviated as RV, is a motor vehicle or trailer that includes living quarters designed for accommodation.

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Retail

Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers.

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Richard Koo

Richard C. Koo (リチャード・クー,;; born 1954) is a Taiwanese economist living in Japan specializing in balance sheet recessions.

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Robert J. Shiller

Robert James Shiller (born March 29, 1946) is an American economist, academic, and author.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Sahm rule

In macroeconomics, the Sahm rule, or Sahm rule recession indicator, is a heuristic measure by the United States' Federal Reserve for determining when an economy has entered a recession. Recession and Sahm rule are recessions and unemployment.

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Salary

A salary is a form of periodic payment from an employer to an employee, which may be specified in an employment contract.

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Stagflation

In economics, stagflation (or recession-inflation) is a situation in which the inflation rate is high or increasing, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high. Recession and stagflation are unemployment.

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Standard of living

Standard of living is the level of income, comforts and services available to an individual, community or society.

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Stock market crashes in India

Since the beginning of the Bombay stock exchange, stock markets in India, particularly the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India have seen a number of booms as well as crashes.

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Stocks for the Long Run

Stocks for the Long Run is a book on investing by Jeremy Siegel.

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Subprime mortgage crisis

The American subprime mortgage crisis was a multinational financial crisis that occurred between 2007 and 2010 that contributed to the 2007–2008 global financial crisis.

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Supply shock

A supply shock is an event that suddenly increases or decreases the supply of a commodity or service, or of commodities and services in general. Recession and supply shock are business cycle.

See Recession and Supply shock

Supply-side economics

Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory postulating that economic growth can be most effectively fostered by lowering taxes, decreasing regulation, and allowing free trade.

See Recession and Supply-side economics

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018,, is a congressional revenue act of the United States originally introduced in Congress as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), that amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.

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The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money is a book by English economist John Maynard Keynes published in February 1936.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Timeline of the Great Recession

This article gives the timeline of the Great Recession, which hit many developed economies in the wake of the 2007–2008 financial crisis.

See Recession and Timeline of the Great Recession

Underconsumption

Underconsumption is a theory in economics that recessions and stagnation arise from an inadequate consumer demand, relative to the amount produced.

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Unemployment

Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period.

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Unemployment in the United States

Unemployment in the United States discusses the causes and measures of U.S. unemployment and strategies for reducing it.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Senate Committee on the Budget

The United States Senate Committee on the Budget was established by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.

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Walter Heller

Walter Wolfgang Heller (27 August 1915 – 15 June 1987) was a leading American economist of the 1960s, and an influential adviser to President John F. Kennedy as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, 1961–1964.

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Welfare

Welfare, or commonly social welfare, is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter.

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Wholesaling

Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Zero interest-rate policy

Zero interest-rate policy (ZIRP) is a macroeconomic concept describing conditions with a very low nominal interest rate, such as those in contemporary Japan and in the United States from December 2008 through December 2015 and again from March 2020 until March 2022 amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

See Recession and Zero interest-rate policy

Zero lower bound

The zero lower bound (ZLB) or zero nominal lower bound (ZNLB) is a macroeconomic problem that occurs when the short-term nominal interest rate is at or near zero, causing a liquidity trap and limiting the central bank's capacity to stimulate economic growth.

See Recession and Zero lower bound

1991 Indian economic crisis

The 1991 Indian economic crisis was an economic crisis in India resulting from a balance of payments deficit due to excess reliance on imports and other external factors.

See Recession and 1991 Indian economic crisis

2000s United States housing bubble

The 2000s United States housing bubble or house price boom or 2000s housing cycle was a sharp run up and subsequent collapse of house asset prices affecting over half of the U.S. states.

See Recession and 2000s United States housing bubble

2000s United States housing market correction

United States housing prices experienced a major market correction after the housing bubble that peaked in early 2006.

See Recession and 2000s United States housing market correction

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession

Also known as Contraction (economic), Contraction (economics), Downturn, Economic contraction, Economic downfall, Economic downturn, Economic recession, Economic slowdown, Economic slump, Global contraction, Prediction of recessions, Real economic crisis, Recesion, Recession (economics), Recessions, Slump (economics), World Recession.

, Flooding the market, Foreclosure, Foreign direct investment, Frederic Mishkin, Friedman's k-percent rule, Government spending, Great Depression, Great Recession, Great Recession in the United States, Gross domestic product, Gross national income, Hazard, Hindu rate of growth, HM Treasury, Hong Kong, Household debt, Hyman Minsky, Income distribution, Industrial production, Inflation, Inflationism, Interest rate, International Monetary Fund, Inventory bounce, Inverted yield curve, Janet Yellen, John Maynard Keynes, Julius Shiskin, Keynesian economics, Korea, Liberty Fund, Liquidity trap, List of recessions in the United Kingdom, List of recessions in the United States, Lost Decades, Macroeconomics, Mercantilism, Mergers and acquisitions, Milton Friedman, Monetarism, Monetary policy, Money, Money illusion, Money supply, Moody's Ratings, Moving average, National Bureau of Economic Research, Natural disaster, Natural rate of unemployment, Negative equity, Neoclassical economics, New Keynesian economics, Normalcy bias, OECD, Output gap, Overproduction, Pandemic, Paradox of thrift, Paul Krugman, Paul Volcker, Prakash Loungani, Private sector, Productivity, Profit (accounting), Psychology, Pushing on a string, Quantitative easing, Real estate, Real gross domestic product, Real income, Recession shapes, Recreational vehicle, Retail, Richard Koo, Robert J. Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Sahm rule, Salary, Stagflation, Standard of living, Stock market crashes in India, Stocks for the Long Run, Subprime mortgage crisis, Supply shock, Supply-side economics, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Thailand, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Timeline of the Great Recession, Underconsumption, Unemployment, Unemployment in the United States, United States, United States Senate Committee on the Budget, Walter Heller, Welfare, Wholesaling, World War II, Zero interest-rate policy, Zero lower bound, 1991 Indian economic crisis, 2000s United States housing bubble, 2000s United States housing market correction.

Recession, the Glossary

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