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Reflecting instrument, the Glossary

Reflecting instruments are those that use mirrors to enhance their ability to make measurements.^[1]

70 relations: Altitude, Angle of incidence (optics), Angular distance, Astronomer, Astronomical object, Étienne Lenoir (instrument maker), Board of Longitude, Celestial navigation, Chord (geometry), Collimated beam, Corrosion, Diffuser (optics), Dividing engine, Dominique, comte de Cassini, Dutch East India Company, Edmond Halley, Edward Troughton, Focus (optics), France, Francis Ronalds, Geodesy, Germany, Gold, Goniometer, Gradian, Graduation (scale), Hydrographic survey, Imperial College Press, Isaac Newton, Jacob's staff, Jean-Charles de Borda, Jesse Ramsden, John Bird (astronomer), John Campbell (Royal Navy officer), John Hadley, Josef de Mendoza y Ríos, List of geometers, Longitude, Lunar distance (navigation), Mirror, Moon, Netherlands, Objective (optics), Octant (instrument), Optics, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Plating, Platinum, Prism (optics), Radio latino, ... Expand index (20 more) »
Angle measuring instruments
Celestial navigation

Altitude

Altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object.

See Reflecting instrument and Altitude

The angle of incidence, in geometric optics, is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the surface at the point of incidence, called the normal.

See Reflecting instrument and Angle of incidence (optics)

Angular distance

Angular distance or angular separation is the measure of the angle between the orientation of two straight lines, rays, or vectors in three-dimensional space, or the central angle subtended by the radii through two points on a sphere.

See Reflecting instrument and Angular distance

Astronomer

An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.

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Astronomical object

An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.

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Étienne Lenoir (instrument maker)

Étienne Lenoir (1744–1832) was a French scientific instrument maker and inventor of the repeating circle.

See Reflecting instrument and Étienne Lenoir (instrument maker)

Board of Longitude

The Commissioners for the Discovery of the Longitude at Sea, or more popularly Board of Longitude, was a British government body formed in 1714 to administer a scheme of prizes intended to encourage innovators to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea.

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Celestial navigation

Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the Earth without relying solely on estimated positional calculations, commonly known as dead reckoning.

See Reflecting instrument and Celestial navigation

Chord (geometry)

A chord (from the Latin chorda, meaning "bowstring") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc.

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Collimated beam

A collimated beam of light or other electromagnetic radiation has parallel rays, and therefore will spread minimally as it propagates.

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Corrosion

Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide.

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Diffuser (optics)

In optics, a diffuser (also called a light diffuser or optical diffuser) is any material that diffuses or scatters light in some manner to transmit soft light.

See Reflecting instrument and Diffuser (optics)

Dividing engine

A dividing engine is a device employed to mark graduations on measuring instruments. Reflecting instrument and dividing engine are astronomical instruments.

See Reflecting instrument and Dividing engine

Dominique, comte de Cassini

Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (30 June 174818 October 1845), also called Cassini IV, was a French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury and great-grandson of Giovanni Domenico Cassini.

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Dutch East India Company

The United East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, abbreviated as VOC), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world.

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Edmond Halley

Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (–) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist.

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Edward Troughton

Edward Troughton FRS FRSE FAS (October 1753 – 12 June 1835) was a British instrument maker who was notable for making telescopes and other astronomical instruments.

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Focus (optics)

In geometrical optics, a focus, also called an image point, is a point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Francis Ronalds

Sir Francis Ronalds FRS (21 February 17888 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor, and arguably the first electrical engineer.

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Geodesy

Geodesy or geodetics is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.

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Goniometer

A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. Reflecting instrument and goniometer are angle measuring instruments.

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Gradian

In trigonometry, the gradianalso known as the gon, grad, or gradeis a unit of measurement of an angle, defined as one-hundredth of the right angle; in other words, 100 gradians is equal to 90 degrees.

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Graduation (scale)

A graduation is a marking used to indicate points on a visual scale, which can be present on a container, a measuring device, or the axes of a line plot, usually one of many along a line or curve, each in the form of short line segments perpendicular to the line or curve.

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Hydrographic survey

Hydrographic survey is the science of measurement and description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine construction, dredging, offshore wind farms, offshore oil exploration and drilling and related activities.

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Imperial College Press

Imperial College Press (ICP) was formed in 1995 as a partnership between Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London and World Scientific publishing.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.

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Jacob's staff

The term Jacob's staff is used to refer to several things, also known as cross-staff, a ballastella, a fore-staff, a ballestilla, or a balestilha. Reflecting instrument and Jacob's staff are angle measuring instruments, celestial navigation and Navigational equipment.

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Jean-Charles de Borda

Jean-Charles, chevalier de Borda (4 May 1733 – 19 February 1799) was a French mathematician, physicist, and Navy officer.

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Jesse Ramsden

Jesse Ramsden FRS FRSE (6 October 1735 – 5 November 1800) was a British mathematician, astronomical and scientific instrument maker.

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John Bird (astronomer)

John Bird (1709– 31 March 1776) was a British mathematical instrument maker who was notable for inventing the sextant.

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John Campbell (Royal Navy officer)

Vice-Admiral John Campbell (1720–1790) was born in the parish of Kirkbean in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland.

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John Hadley

John Hadley (16 April 1682 – 14 February 1744) was an English mathematician, and laid claim to the invention of the octant, two years after Thomas Godfrey claimed the same.

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Josef de Mendoza y Ríos

Josef (also José or Joseph) de Mendoza y Ríos (1761–1816) was a Spanish astronomer and mathematician of the 18th century, famous for his work on navigation.

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List of geometers

A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is geometry.

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Longitude

Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body.

See Reflecting instrument and Longitude

In celestial navigation, lunar distance, also called a lunar, is the angular distance between the Moon and another celestial body. Reflecting instrument and lunar distance (navigation) are celestial navigation.

See Reflecting instrument and Lunar distance (navigation)

Mirror

A mirror, also known as a looking glass, is an object that reflects an image.

See Reflecting instrument and Mirror

Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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Objective (optics)

In optical engineering, an objective is an optical element that gathers light from an object being observed and focuses the light rays from it to produce a real image of the object.

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Octant (instrument)

The octant, also called a reflecting quadrant, is a reflecting instrument used in navigation. Reflecting instrument and octant (instrument) are angle measuring instruments, astronomical instruments, celestial navigation and Navigational equipment.

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Optics

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

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Plating

Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface.

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Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element; it has symbol Pt and atomic number 78.

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Prism (optics)

An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light.

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Radio latino

A radio latino is a measuring instrument used in surveying and military engineering starting in the 16th century.

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Ramsden surveying instruments

The Ramsden surveying instruments are those constructed by Jesse Ramsden and used in high precision geodetic surveys carried out in the period 1784 to 1853.

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Reflection (physics)

Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.

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Repeating circle

Developed from the reflecting circle, the repeating circle is an instrument for geodetic surveying, invented by Etienne Lenoir in 1784, while an assistant of Jean-Charles de Borda, who later improved the instrument.

See Reflecting instrument and Repeating circle

Rhombus

In plane Euclidean geometry, a rhombus (rhombi or rhombuses) is a quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length.

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Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke (18 July 16353 March 1703) was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist and architect.

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Royal Society

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.

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Screw

A screw is an externally helical threaded fastener capable of being tightened or released by a twisting force (torque) to the head.

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Sector (instrument)

The sector, also known as a sector rule, proportional compass, or military compass, was a major calculating instrument in use from the end of the sixteenth century until the nineteenth century.

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Sextant

A sextant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument that measures the angular distance between two visible objects. Reflecting instrument and sextant are angle measuring instruments, astronomical instruments, celestial navigation and Navigational equipment.

See Reflecting instrument and Sextant

Silver

Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.

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Silvering

Silvering is the chemical process of coating a non-conductive substrate such as glass with a reflective substance, to produce a mirror.

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Speculum metal is a mixture of around two-thirds copper and one-third tin, making a white brittle alloy that can be polished to make a highly reflective surface.

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Subtended angle

In geometry, an angle is subtended by an arc, line segment or any other section of a curve when its two rays pass through the endpoints of that arc, line segment or curve section.

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Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

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Surveying

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.

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Telescope

A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Reflecting instrument and telescope are astronomical instruments.

See Reflecting instrument and Telescope

Thomas Godfrey (inventor)

Thomas Godfrey (January 10, 1704 – December 1749) was a glazier and self-taught mathematician and astronomer in the Pennsylvania Colony, who invented the octant in 1730.

See Reflecting instrument and Thomas Godfrey (inventor)

Tobias Mayer

Tobias Mayer (17 February 172320 February 1762) was a German astronomer famous for his studies of the Moon.

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Vernier scale

A vernier scale), named after Pierre Vernier, is a visual aid to take an accurate measurement reading between two graduation markings on a linear scale by using mechanical interpolation, thereby increasing resolution and reducing measurement uncertainty by using vernier acuity to reduce human estimation error.

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William Hyde Wollaston

William Hyde Wollaston (6 August 1766 – 22 December 1828) was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering the chemical elements palladium and rhodium.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflecting_instrument

Also known as Reflecting circle, Reflecting circles.

, Ramsden surveying instruments, Reflection (physics), Repeating circle, Rhombus, Robert Hooke, Royal Society, Screw, Sector (instrument), Sextant, Silver, Silvering, Speculum metal, Subtended angle, Sun, Surveying, Telescope, Thomas Godfrey (inventor), Tobias Mayer, Vernier scale, William Hyde Wollaston.

Reflecting instrument, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Angle measuring instruments

Celestial navigation

References