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Revolutionary terror, the Glossary

Index Revolutionary terror

Revolutionary terror, also referred to as revolutionary terrorism or reign of terror, refers to the institutionalized application of force to counter-revolutionaries, particularly during the French Revolution from the years 1793 to 1795 (see the Reign of Terror).[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 94 relations: Albert Soboul, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Anarchism, Ancien régime, Aristocracy, Battle of Fleurus (1794), Bolsheviks, Bombard the Headquarters, Bourgeoisie, Brenda Lutz, Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Cheka, Chinese Communist Party, Chinese Communist Revolution, Class conflict, Cold War, Communism, Communist state, Communist terrorism, Counter-revolutionary, Cultural Revolution, Dictatorship of the proletariat, Direct action, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dnipro, Edvard Radzinsky, French Republican calendar, French Revolution, Great Purge, Guerrilla warfare, Historical determinism, History of terrorism, Hostage, Individual terror, Islamic terrorism, Jacobins, Jean-Paul Marat, Joseph Stalin, Karl Kautsky, Karl Marx, Khmer Rouge, Kontrrazvedka, Law of 22 Prairial, Left-wing terrorism, Leon Trotsky, Liberty, Makhnovshchina, Mao Zedong, Maoism, ... Expand index (44 more) »

  2. Communist terminology
  3. Revolution terminology
  4. Revolutionary tactics
  5. Terrorism by form

Albert Soboul

Albert Marius Soboul (27 April 1914 – 11 September 1982) was a historian of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods.

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian author and Soviet dissident who helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, especially the Gulag prison system.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is against all forms of authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including the state and capitalism.

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Ancien régime

The ancien régime was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France that the French Revolution overturned through its abolition in 1790 of the feudal system of the French nobility and in 1792 through its execution of the king and declaration of a republic.

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Aristocracy

Aristocracy is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

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Battle of Fleurus (1794)

The Battle of Fleurus, on 26 June 1794, was an engagement during the War of the First Coalition, between the army of the First French Republic, under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, and the Coalition army (Britain, Hanover, Dutch Republic, and Habsburg monarchy), commanded by Prince Josias of Coburg, in the most significant battle of the Flanders Campaign in the Low Countries during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Bombard the Headquarters

Bombard The Headquarters – My Big-Character Poster was a short document written by Chairman Mao Zedong on August 5, 1966, during the 11th Plenary Session of the 8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and published in the Communist Party's official newspaper People's Daily a year later, on August 5, 1967.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie are a class of business owners and merchants which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between peasantry and aristocracy.

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Brenda Lutz

Brenda J. Lutz holds a PhD in Politics from the University of Dundee in Scotland, and is currently an independent scholar, consultant, reviewer, and author in Massachusetts.

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Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries

The Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries (abbreviated as) was the first campaign of political repression launched by the People's Republic of China designed to eradicate opposition elements, especially former Kuomintang (KMT) functionaries accused of trying to undermine the new Chinese Communist Party government.

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Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest organ when the national congress is not in session and is tasked with carrying out congress resolutions, directing all party work, and representing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) externally.

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Cheka

The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (p), abbreviated as VChK (p), and commonly known as the Cheka (p), was the first Soviet secret police organization. Revolutionary terror and Cheka are communist terrorism.

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Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Chinese Communist Revolution

The Chinese Communist Revolution was a social and political revolution that culminated in the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949.

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Class conflict

In political science, the term class conflict, or class struggle, refers to the political tension and economic antagonism that exist among the social classes of society, because of socioeconomic competition for resources among the social classes, between the rich and the poor.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

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Communist state

A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology.

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Communist terrorism

Communist terrorism is terrorism perpetrated by individuals or groups which adhere to communism and ideologies related to it, such as Marxism–Leninism, Maoism, and Trotskyism.

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Counter-revolutionary

A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part. Revolutionary terror and counter-revolutionary are revolution terminology.

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Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Revolutionary terror and Cultural Revolution are communist terrorism.

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Dictatorship of the proletariat

In Marxist philosophy, the dictatorship of the proletariat is a condition in which the proletariat, or working class, holds control over state power.

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Direct action

Direct action is a term for economic and political behavior in which participants use agency—for example economic or physical power—to achieve their goals.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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Dnipro

Dnipro is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants.

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Edvard Radzinsky

Edvard Stanislavovich Radzinsky (Э́двард Станисла́вович Радзи́нский) (born September 23, 1936) is a Russian historian, playwright, television personality, and screenwriter.

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French Republican calendar

The French Republican calendar (calendrier républicain français), also commonly called the French Revolutionary calendar (calendrier révolutionnaire français), was a calendar created and implemented during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805, and for 18 days by the Paris Commune in 1871, and meant to replace the Gregorian calendar. Revolutionary terror and French Republican calendar are French Revolution.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

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Great Purge

The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state. Revolutionary terror and Great Purge are Soviet phraseology.

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Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces.

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Historical determinism

Historical determinism is the belief that events in history are entirely determined or constrained by various prior forces and, therefore, in a certain sense, inevitable.

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History of terrorism

The history of terrorism involves significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated with terrorism.

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Hostage

A hostage is a person seized by an abductor in order to compel another party, one which places a high value on the liberty, well-being and safety of the person seized—such as a relative, employer, law enforcement, or government—to act, or refrain from acting, in a certain way, often under threat of serious physical harm or death to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum.

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Individual terror

In leftist terminology, individual terror, a form of revolutionary terror, is the murder of isolated individuals with the goal of promotion of a political movement, of provoking political changes, up to political revolution. Revolutionary terror and individual terror are revolutionary tactics.

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Islamic terrorism

Islamic terrorism (also known as Islamist terrorism or radical Islamic terrorism) refers to terrorist acts with religious motivations carried out by fundamentalist militant Islamists and Islamic extremists.

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Jacobins

The Society of the Friends of the Constitution (Société des amis de la Constitution), renamed the Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality (Société des Jacobins, amis de la liberté et de l'égalité) after 1792 and commonly known as the Jacobin Club (Club des Jacobins) or simply the Jacobins, was the most influential political club during the French Revolution of 1789.

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Jean-Paul Marat

Jean-Paul Marat (born Mara; 24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was a French political theorist, physician, and scientist.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Karl Kautsky

Karl Johann Kautsky (16 October 1854 – 17 October 1938) was a Czech-Austrian philosopher, journalist, and Marxist theorist.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

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Khmer Rouge

The Khmer Rouge (ខ្មែរក្រហម) is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. Revolutionary terror and Khmer Rouge are communist terrorism.

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Kontrrazvedka

The Kontrrazvedka (translit) was the counterintelligence division of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.

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Law of 22 Prairial

The Law of 22 Prairial, also known as the loi de la Grande Terreur, the law of the Great Terror, was enacted on 10 June 1794 (22 Prairial of the Year II under the French Revolutionary Calendar).

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Left-wing terrorism

Left-wing terrorism or far-left terrorism is terrorism motivated by left-wing or far-left ideologies, committed with the aim of overthrowing current capitalist systems and replacing them with communist or socialist societies. Revolutionary terror and left-wing terrorism are communist terrorism.

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Leon Trotsky

Lev Davidovich Bronstein (– 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky, was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist.

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Liberty

Liberty is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.

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Makhnovshchina

The Makhnovshchina was a mass movement to establish anarchist communism in southern and eastern Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence of 1917–1921.

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Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Maoism

Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China.

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Martin Latsis

Martin Ivanovich Latsis (Мартын Иванович Лацис; Mārtiņš Lācis; born Jānis Sudrabs; Yan Fridrikhovich Sudrabs; December 14, 1888 – February 11, 1938) was a Latvian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, and senior state security officer of the Cheka from Courland (now Latvia).

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Marxism

Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.

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Marxism–Leninism

Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution.

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Marxists Internet Archive

Marxists Internet Archive (also known as MIA or Marxists.org) is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Rosa Luxemburg, Mikhail Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, as well as that of writers of related ideologies, and even unrelated ones (for instance, Sun Tzu).

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Maximilien Robespierre

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (6 May 1758 – 10 Thermidor, Year II 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman, widely recognized as one of the most influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution.

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Mensheviks

The Mensheviks (mensheviki, from меньшинство,, 'minority') were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Narodnaya Volya

Narodnaya Volya (t) was a late 19th-century revolutionary socialist political organization operating in the Russian Empire, which conducted assassinations of government officials in an attempt to overthrow the autocratic Tsarist system.

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Narodniks

The Narodniks (translit) were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism.

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Nestor Makhno

Nestor Ivanovych Makhno (Нестор Івaнович Махно,; 7 November 1888 – 25 July 1934), also known as Bat'ko Makhno (батько Махно), was a Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary and the commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence.

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Neue Rheinische Zeitung

The Neue Rheinische Zeitung: Organ der Demokratie ("New Rhenish Newspaper: Organ of Democracy") was a German daily newspaper, published by Karl Marx in Cologne between 1 June 1848 and 19 May 1849.

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Nota bene

Nota bene (or; plural: notate bene) is the Latin phrase meaning note well.

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People's Daily

The People's Daily is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

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Persecution

Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another individual or group.

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Political repression

Political repression is the act of a state entity controlling a citizenry by force for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing the citizenry's ability to take part in the political life of a society, thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens.

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Propaganda of the deed

Propaganda of the deed (or propaganda by the deed, from the French propagande par le fait) is specific political direct action meant to be exemplary to others and serve as a catalyst for revolution.

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Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Purges of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union ("Чистка партийныхрядов",, "cleansing of the party ranks") were Soviet political events, especially during the 1920s, in which periodic reviews of members of the Communist Party were conducted by other members and the security organs to get rid of "undesirables".

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Red Guards

The Red Guards were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolishment in 1968, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted.

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Red Terror

The Red Terror (krasnyy terror) was a campaign of political repression and executions in Soviet Russia carried out by the Bolsheviks, chiefly through the Cheka, the Bolshevik secret police. Revolutionary terror and red Terror are communist terrorism.

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Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror or the Mountain Republic was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, anticlerical sentiment, and accusations of treason by the Committee of Public Safety. Revolutionary terror and Reign of Terror are revolution terminology.

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Republic

A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.

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Retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan

The retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan, also known as the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan or the Great Retreat in Taiwan, refers to the exodus of the remnants of the then-internationally-recognized Kuomintang-ruled government of the Republic of China (ROC) to the island of Taiwan (Formosa) on December 7, 1949, after losing the Chinese Civil War in the Chinese mainland.

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Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine

The Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Revoliutsiina Povstanska Armiia Ukrainy), also known as Makhnovtsi (Махновці), named after their leader Nestor Makhno, was an anarchist army formed largely of Ukrainian peasants and workers during the Russian Civil War.

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Revolutionary Tribunal (disambiguation)

The Revolutionary Tribunal was established during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders.

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Sans-culottes

The sans-culottes were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th-century France, a great many of whom became radical and militant partisans of the French Revolution in response to their poor quality of life under the Ancien Régime. Revolutionary terror and sans-culottes are French Revolution.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001.

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The Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands,; SPD) is a social democratic political party in Germany.

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Social determinism is the theory that social interactions alone determine individual behavior (as opposed to biological or objective factors).

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The Socialist Revolutionary Party (the SRs, СР, or Esers, label; Pártiya sotsialístov-revolyutsionérov, label), was a major political party in late Imperial Russia, during both phases of the Russian Revolution, and in early Soviet Russia.

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Sophie Wahnich

Sophie Wahnich is a French historian.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Terrorism

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Gulag Archipelago

The Gulag Archipelago: An Experiment in Literary Investigation (Arkhipelag GULAG) is a three-volume non-fiction series written between 1958 and 1968 by Russian writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, a Soviet dissident.

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Thermidorian Reaction

In the historiography of the French Revolution, the Thermidorian Reaction (Réaction thermidorienne or Convention thermidorienne, "Thermidorian Convention") is the common term for the period between the ousting of Maximilien Robespierre on 9 Thermidor II, or 27 July 1794, and the inauguration of the French Directory on 2 November 1795. Revolutionary terror and Thermidorian Reaction are revolution terminology.

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Tyrant

A tyrant, in the modern English usage of the word, is an absolute ruler who is unrestrained by law, or one who has usurped a legitimate ruler's sovereignty.

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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

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Wars of national liberation

Wars of national liberation, also called wars of independence or wars of liberation, are conflicts fought by nations to gain independence.

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Western world

The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.

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White movement

The White movement (p), also known as the Whites (Бѣлые / Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of anti-communist forces that fought the communist Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War and that to a lesser extent continued operating as militarized associations of rebels both outside and within Russian borders in Siberia until roughly World War II (1939–1945).

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White Terror

White Terror may refer to.

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White Terror (Russia)

The White Terror (Belyy Terror) in Russia refers to the violence and mass killings carried out by the White Army during the Russian Civil War (1917–1923).

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Zaporizhzhia

Zaporizhzhia (Запоріжжя,; Zaporozhye), formerly known as Oleksandrivsk until 1921, is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River.

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See also

Communist terminology

Revolution terminology

Revolutionary tactics

Terrorism by form

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_terror

Also known as Revolutionary terrorism.

, Martin Latsis, Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Marxists Internet Archive, Maximilien Robespierre, Mensheviks, Narodnaya Volya, Narodniks, Nestor Makhno, Neue Rheinische Zeitung, Nota bene, People's Daily, Persecution, Political repression, Propaganda of the deed, Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Red Guards, Red Terror, Reign of Terror, Republic, Retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan, Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, Revolutionary Tribunal (disambiguation), Sans-culottes, September 11 attacks, Social Democratic Party of Germany, Social determinism, Socialist Revolutionary Party, Sophie Wahnich, Soviet Union, Terrorism, The Guardian, The Gulag Archipelago, Thermidorian Reaction, Tyrant, Vladimir Lenin, Wars of national liberation, Western world, White movement, White Terror, White Terror (Russia), World War I, World War II, Zaporizhzhia.