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Rhynchocephalia, the Glossary

Rhynchocephalia is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living species, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) of New Zealand.^[1]

Acrodont

Acrodonty (from Greek akros 'highest' + odont- 'tooth') is an anatomical placement of the teeth at the summit of the alveolar ridge of the jaw, without sockets, characteristic of bony fish.

See Rhynchocephalia and Acrodont

Acrodonta (lizard)

Acrodonta are a subclade of iguanian squamates consisting almost entirely of Old World taxa.

See Rhynchocephalia and Acrodonta (lizard)

Agamidae

Agamidae is a family of over 550 species of iguanian lizards indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few in Southern Europe.

See Rhynchocephalia and Agamidae

Albert Günther

Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther, also Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Günther (3October 18301February 1914), was a German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist.

See Rhynchocephalia and Albert Günther

American Museum Novitates

American Museum Novitates is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Museum of Natural History.

See Rhynchocephalia and American Museum Novitates

Amphisbaenia

Amphisbaenia (called amphisbaenians or worm lizards) is a group of typically legless lizards, comprising over 200 extant species.

See Rhynchocephalia and Amphisbaenia

Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans.

See Rhynchocephalia and Anatomical terms of location

Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.

See Rhynchocephalia and Ancient Greek

Ankylosphenodon

Ankylosphenodon is an extinct species of sphenodontian known from Tepexi de Rodriguez, Mexico.

See Rhynchocephalia and Ankylosphenodon

Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.

See Rhynchocephalia and Antarctica

Apomorphy and synapomorphy

In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy).

See Rhynchocephalia and Apomorphy and synapomorphy

Bayesian inference

Bayesian inference is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available.

See Rhynchocephalia and Bayesian inference

Bharatagama

Bharatagama is an extinct genus of lepidosaur from the Early Jurassic of India.

See Rhynchocephalia and Bharatagama

Biology Letters

Biology Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society, established in 2005.

See Rhynchocephalia and Biology Letters

BMC Biology

BMC Biology is an online open access scientific journal that publishes original, peer-reviewed research in all fields of biology, together with opinion and comment articles.

See Rhynchocephalia and BMC Biology

BMC Ecology and Evolution (since January 2021), previously BMC Evolutionary Biology (2001–2020), is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all fields of evolutionary biology, including phylogenetics and palaeontology.

See Rhynchocephalia and BMC Ecology and Evolution

Brachyrhinodon

Brachyrhinodon (meaning "short nose tooth") is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland.

See Rhynchocephalia and Brachyrhinodon

Calcaneus

In humans and many other primates, the calcaneus (from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel;: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel.

See Rhynchocephalia and Calcaneus

Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

See Rhynchocephalia and Cambridge University Press

Carnivore

A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.

See Rhynchocephalia and Carnivore

Cenozoic

The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history.

See Rhynchocephalia and Cenozoic

Circadian rhythm

A circadian rhythm, or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.

See Rhynchocephalia and Circadian rhythm

Clade

In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.

See Rhynchocephalia and Clade

Cladistics

Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry.

See Rhynchocephalia and Cladistics

Cladogram

A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

See Rhynchocephalia and Cladogram

Clevosaurs

Clevosaurs are an extinct group of rhynchocephalian reptiles from the Triassic and Jurassic periods.

See Rhynchocephalia and Clevosaurs

Clevosaurus

Clevosaurus (meaning "Gloucester lizard") is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile from the Late Triassic and the Early Jurassic periods.

See Rhynchocephalia and Clevosaurus

Cloaca

A cloaca,: cloacae, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals.

See Rhynchocephalia and Cloaca

Colobops

Colobops is a genus of reptile from the Late Triassic of Connecticut.

See Rhynchocephalia and Colobops

Communications Biology

Communications Biology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research in biology.

See Rhynchocephalia and Communications Biology

Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).

See Rhynchocephalia and Cretaceous

Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction, was the mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth approximately 66 million years ago.

See Rhynchocephalia and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

Crocodilia

Crocodilia (or Crocodylia, both) is an order of semiaquatic, predatory reptiles known as crocodilians.

See Rhynchocephalia and Crocodilia

Current Biology

Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

See Rhynchocephalia and Current Biology

Cynosphenodon

Cynosphenodon ("Dog Sphenodontian") is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian in the family Sphenodontidae from the Middle Jurassic La Boca Formation of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

See Rhynchocephalia and Cynosphenodon

Danian

The Danian is the oldest age or lowest stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series, of the Paleogene Period or System, and of the Cenozoic Era or Erathem.

See Rhynchocephalia and Danian

Deltadectes

Deltadectes is an extinct genus of early rhynchocephalian from the Late Triassic Klettgau Formation of Switzerland.

See Rhynchocephalia and Deltadectes

Derasmosaurus

Derasmosaurus is an extinct monotypic genus of rhynchocephalian known from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) aged Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy.

See Rhynchocephalia and Derasmosaurus

Diphydontosaurus

Diphydontosaurus is an extinct genus of small rhynchocephalian reptile from the Late Triassic of Europe.

See Rhynchocephalia and Diphydontosaurus

Durophagy

Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton-bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs.

See Rhynchocephalia and Durophagy

Eardrum

In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.

See Rhynchocephalia and Eardrum

Early Cretaceous

The Early Cretaceous (geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous.

See Rhynchocephalia and Early Cretaceous

Early Jurassic

The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period.

See Rhynchocephalia and Early Jurassic

Eilenodon

Eilenodon is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America,Foster, J. (2007).

See Rhynchocephalia and Eilenodon

Eilenodontinae

Eilenodontinae are an extinct clade of reptiles belonging to Sphenodontia.

See Rhynchocephalia and Eilenodontinae

Epiphysis

An epiphysis (epiphyses) is one of the rounded ends or tips of a long bone that ossify from a secondary center of ossification.

See Rhynchocephalia and Epiphysis

Erfurt Formation

The Erfurt Formation, also known as the Lower Keuper (German: Untere Keuper, Lettenkeuper, Lettenkohle or Lettenkohlenkeuper), is a stratigraphic formation of the Keuper group and the Germanic Trias supergroup.

See Rhynchocephalia and Erfurt Formation

Fraserosphenodon

Fraserosphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic of the United Kingdom.

See Rhynchocephalia and Fraserosphenodon

Frontal bone

In the human skull, the frontal bone or sincipital bone is a unpaired bone which consists of two portions.

See Rhynchocephalia and Frontal bone

Gastralia

Gastralia (gastralium) are dermal bones found in the ventral body wall of modern crocodilians and tuatara, and many prehistoric tetrapods.

See Rhynchocephalia and Gastralia

Gephyrosauridae

Gephyrosauridae is an extinct family of rhynchocephalians that lived in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic.

See Rhynchocephalia and Gephyrosauridae

Gephyrosaurus

Gephyrosaurus is an extinct genus of lepidosaurian reptile known from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic of the United Kingdom.

See Rhynchocephalia and Gephyrosaurus

Gila monster

The Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) is a species of venomous lizard native to the Southwestern United States and the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora.

See Rhynchocephalia and Gila monster

Godavarisaurus

Godavarisaurus is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile from the Early-Middle Jurassic Kota Formation of Andhra Pradesh, India.

See Rhynchocephalia and Godavarisaurus

Guadalupian

The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian.

See Rhynchocephalia and Guadalupian

Helodermatidae

The Helodermatidae or beaded lizards are a small family of lizards endemic to North America today, but formerly more widespread in the ancient past.

See Rhynchocephalia and Helodermatidae

Hemipenis

A hemipenis (hemipenes) is one of a pair of intromittent organs of male squamates (snakes and lizards).

See Rhynchocephalia and Hemipenis

Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.

See Rhynchocephalia and Herbivore

Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.

See Rhynchocephalia and Holocene

Homoeosaurus

Homoeosaurus is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile, known from the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous of Europe, with specimens being reported from France (Canjuers Lagerstatte), England (Purbeck Group) and Germany (Solnhofen Limestone).

See Rhynchocephalia and Homoeosaurus

Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

See Rhynchocephalia and Indian subcontinent

Insectivore

robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects.

See Rhynchocephalia and Insectivore

Insular India

Insular India was an isolated landmass which became the Indian subcontinent.

See Rhynchocephalia and Insular India

Intertrappean Beds

The Intertrappean Beds are a Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene geologic formation in India.

See Rhynchocephalia and Intertrappean Beds

Ischium

The ischium (ischia) forms the lower and back region of the hip bone (os coxae).

See Rhynchocephalia and Ischium

John Edward Gray

John Edward Gray (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist.

See Rhynchocephalia and John Edward Gray

Journal of Anatomy

The Journal of Anatomy is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley on behalf of the Anatomical Society.

See Rhynchocephalia and Journal of Anatomy

Journal of Paleontology

The Journal of Paleontology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of paleontology.

See Rhynchocephalia and Journal of Paleontology

Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

The Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (Print:, online) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of palaeontology published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the British Natural History Museum.

See Rhynchocephalia and Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

Jugal bone

The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds.

See Rhynchocephalia and Jugal bone

Jurassic

The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.

See Rhynchocephalia and Jurassic

Kallimodon

Kallimodon is a genus of sphenodont from the Late Jurassic of Bavaria, southern Germany.

See Rhynchocephalia and Kallimodon

Karger Publishers

Karger Publishers, also known as Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers and S. Karger AG, is an academic publisher of scientific and medical journals and books.

See Rhynchocephalia and Karger Publishers

Kawasphenodon

Kawasphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile, known from the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of Patagonia in South America.

See Rhynchocephalia and Kawasphenodon

Lacrimal bone

The lacrimal bones are two small and fragile bones of the facial skeleton; they are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit.

See Rhynchocephalia and Lacrimal bone

Ladinian

The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch.

See Rhynchocephalia and Ladinian

Lamarquesaurus

Lamarquesaurus is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Patagonia.

See Rhynchocephalia and Lamarquesaurus

Lanceirosphenodon

Lanceirosphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic Candelária Formation of Brazil.

See Rhynchocephalia and Lanceirosphenodon

Late Cretaceous

The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale.

See Rhynchocephalia and Late Cretaceous

Late Triassic

The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago).

See Rhynchocephalia and Late Triassic

Lepidosauria

The Lepidosauria (from Greek meaning scaled lizards) is a subclass or superorder of reptiles, containing the orders Squamata and Rhynchocephalia. Rhynchocephalia and Lepidosauria are extant Middle Triassic first appearances and Ladinian first appearances.

See Rhynchocephalia and Lepidosauria

Lepidosauromorpha

Lepidosauromorpha (in PhyloCode known as Pan-Lepidosauria) is a group of reptiles comprising all diapsids closer to lizards than to archosaurs (which include crocodiles and birds).

See Rhynchocephalia and Lepidosauromorpha

Leptosaurus

Leptosaurus is a genus of sphenodont from the Late Jurassic of Bavaria, southern Germany.

See Rhynchocephalia and Leptosaurus

Lizard

Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians), encompassing over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.

See Rhynchocephalia and Lizard

Lufeng Formation

The Lufeng Formation (formerly Lower Lufeng Series) is a Lower Jurassic sedimentary rock formation found in Yunnan, China.

See Rhynchocephalia and Lufeng Formation

Mandible

In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin mandibula, 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla).

See Rhynchocephalia and Mandible

Maxilla

In vertebrates, the maxilla (maxillae) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.

See Rhynchocephalia and Maxilla

Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics and computational phylogenetics, maximum parsimony is an optimality criterion under which the phylogenetic tree that minimizes the total number of character-state changes (or minimizes the cost of differentially weighted character-state changes).

See Rhynchocephalia and Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics)

Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

See Rhynchocephalia and Mesozoic

The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes).

See Rhynchocephalia and Metatarsal bones

Micromenodon

Micromenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic Doswell Formation of Virginia.

See Rhynchocephalia and Micromenodon

Microsphenodon

Microsphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic of Brazil.

See Rhynchocephalia and Microsphenodon

Middle Triassic

In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy.

See Rhynchocephalia and Middle Triassic

Miocene

The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).

See Rhynchocephalia and Miocene

Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

See Rhynchocephalia and Nature (journal)

Nature Communications

Nature Communications is a peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio since 2010.

See Rhynchocephalia and Nature Communications

Navajosphenodon

Navajosphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontid reptile from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona, United States.

See Rhynchocephalia and Navajosphenodon

New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

See Rhynchocephalia and New Zealand

Oceanic dispersal

Oceanic dispersal is a type of biological dispersal that occurs when terrestrial organisms transfer from one land mass to another by way of a sea crossing.

See Rhynchocephalia and Oceanic dispersal

Oenosaurus

Oenosaurus is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) aged Mörnsheim Formation of Germany.

See Rhynchocephalia and Oenosaurus

Opisthiamimus

Opisthiamimus is an extinct genus of small-bodied eusphenodontian rhynchocephalian from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Northern Wyoming, United States.

See Rhynchocephalia and Opisthiamimus

Opisthias

Opisthias is a genus of sphenodont reptile.

See Rhynchocephalia and Opisthias

Opisthodontia (reptile)

Opisthodontia is a proposed clade of sphenodontian reptiles, uniting Opisthias from the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous of Europe and North America with the Eilenodontinae, a group of herbivorous sphenodontians known from the Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous.

See Rhynchocephalia and Opisthodontia (reptile)

Order (biology)

Order (ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.

See Rhynchocephalia and Order (biology)

Ossification center

An ossification center is a point where ossification of the hyaline cartilage begins.

See Rhynchocephalia and Ossification center

Osteoderm

Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis.

See Rhynchocephalia and Osteoderm

Palaeontology (journal)

Palaeontology is one of the two scientific journals of the Palaeontological Association (the other being Papers in Palaeontology).

See Rhynchocephalia and Palaeontology (journal)

Palaeopleurosaurus

Palaeopleurosaurus (meaning "old side lizard") is an extinct genus of diapsid reptiles belonging to the group Sphenodontia.

See Rhynchocephalia and Palaeopleurosaurus

Palatine bone

In anatomy, the palatine bones (derived from the Latin palatum) are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species, located above the uvula in the throat.

See Rhynchocephalia and Palatine bone

Paleocene

The Paleocene, or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya).

See Rhynchocephalia and Paleocene

Paleollanosaurus

Paleollanosaurus is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile that lived during the Late Triassic.

See Rhynchocephalia and Paleollanosaurus

Pamizinsaurus

Pamizinisaurus is a genus of sphenodontian reptile known from Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Tlayúa Formation of central Mexico.

See Rhynchocephalia and Pamizinsaurus

Pangaea

Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

See Rhynchocephalia and Pangaea

Parietal bone

The parietal bones are two bones in the skull which, when joined at a fibrous joint known as a cranial suture, form the sides and roof of the neurocranium.

See Rhynchocephalia and Parietal bone

Parietal eye

A parietal eye (third eye, pineal eye) is a part of the epithalamus in some vertebrates.

See Rhynchocephalia and Parietal eye

Parvosaurus

Parvosaurus is an extinct species of rhynchocephalian reptile known from the Late Triassic of Germany.

See Rhynchocephalia and Parvosaurus

Patagonia

Patagonia is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile.

See Rhynchocephalia and Patagonia

Pelecymala

Pelecymala is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile that lived in southwest England during the Triassic period.

See Rhynchocephalia and Pelecymala

Penegephyrosaurus

Penegephyrosaurus is an extinct genus of early rhynchocephalian from the Late Triassic of the United Kingdom.

See Rhynchocephalia and Penegephyrosaurus

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

See Rhynchocephalia and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Piscivore

A piscivore is a carnivorous animal that primarily eats fish.

See Rhynchocephalia and Piscivore

Planocephalosaurus

Planocephalosaurus is an extinct genus of basal rhynchocephalian.

See Rhynchocephalia and Planocephalosaurus

Pleurodont

Pleurodont is a form of tooth implantation common in reptiles of the order Squamata, as well as in at least one temnospondyl.

See Rhynchocephalia and Pleurodont

Pleurosauridae

Pleurosauridae is an extinct family of sphenodontian reptiles, known from the Jurassic of Europe.

See Rhynchocephalia and Pleurosauridae

Pleurosaurus

Pleurosaurus (from πλευρᾱ́, 'rib' or 'side' and σαῦρος, 'lizard') is an extinct genus of aquatic reptiles belonging to the order Rhynchocephalia.

See Rhynchocephalia and Pleurosaurus

PLOS One

PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.

See Rhynchocephalia and PLOS One

Polysphenodon

Polysphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile with a single species Polysphenodon mulleri from the Late Triassic Keuper Group of Germany.

See Rhynchocephalia and Polysphenodon

Polytomy

An internal node of a phylogenetic tree is described as a polytomy or multifurcation if (i) it is in a rooted tree and is linked to three or more child subtrees or (ii) it is in an unrooted tree and is attached to four or more branches.

See Rhynchocephalia and Polytomy

Premaxilla

The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth.

See Rhynchocephalia and Premaxilla

Primitive (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics, a primitive (or ancestral) character, trait, or feature of a lineage or taxon is one that is inherited from the common ancestor of a clade (or clade group) and has undergone little change since.

See Rhynchocephalia and Primitive (phylogenetics)

Priosphenodon

Priosphenodon is an extinct, large herbiviorous eilenodontine rhynchocephalian known from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Turonian) of Argentina.

See Rhynchocephalia and Priosphenodon

Process (anatomy)

In anatomy, a process (processus) is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body.

See Rhynchocephalia and Process (anatomy)

Pterygoid bone

The pterygoid is a paired bone forming part of the palate of many vertebrates, behind the palatine bones.

See Rhynchocephalia and Pterygoid bone

Quadrate bone

The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids.

See Rhynchocephalia and Quadrate bone

Quadratojugal bone

The quadratojugal is a skull bone present in many vertebrates, including some living reptiles and amphibians.

See Rhynchocephalia and Quadratojugal bone

Random House

Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.

See Rhynchocephalia and Random House

Rebbanasaurus

Rebbanasaurus is an extinct sphenodontian reptile known from remains found in the Early-Middle Jurassic Kota Formation of India.

See Rhynchocephalia and Rebbanasaurus

Reptile

Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with usually an ectothermic ('cold-blooded') metabolism and amniotic development.

See Rhynchocephalia and Reptile

Rhynchosaur

Rhynchosaurs are a group of extinct herbivorous Triassic archosauromorph reptiles, belonging to the order Rhynchosauria.

See Rhynchocephalia and Rhynchosaur

Samuel Wendell Williston

Samuel Wendell Williston (July 10, 1852 – August 30, 1918) was an American educator, entomologist, and paleontologist who was the first to propose that birds developed flight cursorially (by running), rather than arboreally (by leaping from tree to tree).

See Rhynchocephalia and Samuel Wendell Williston

Sapheosaur

Sapheosaurs are an extinct group of rhynchocephalian reptiles from the Late Jurassic period.

See Rhynchocephalia and Sapheosaur

Sapheosaurus

Sapheosaurus was an extinct genus of Late Jurassic sphenodont.

See Rhynchocephalia and Sapheosaurus

Sigmala

Sigmala is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile from the Late Triassic of England it was describe by R.L. Carroll in 1988.

See Rhynchocephalia and Sigmala

Sinemurian

In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series.

See Rhynchocephalia and Sinemurian

Snake

Snakes are elongated, limbless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.

See Rhynchocephalia and Snake

Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles

The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR) is an international herpetological society.

See Rhynchocephalia and Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles

Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.

See Rhynchocephalia and Speciation

Sphenocondor

Sphenocondor is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile from the Early Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Argentina.

See Rhynchocephalia and Sphenocondor

Sphenodontidae

Sphenodontidae is a family within the reptile group Rhynchocephalia, comprising taxa most closely related to the living tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus).

See Rhynchocephalia and Sphenodontidae

Sphenofontis

Sphenofontis is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile known from the Late Jurassic of Germany, with a single known species, S. velserae.

See Rhynchocephalia and Sphenofontis

Sphenotitan

Sphenotitan is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile, known from the Late Triassic (Norian) Quebrada del Barro Formation of Argentina.

See Rhynchocephalia and Sphenotitan

Sphenovipera

Sphenovipera jimmysjoyi is an extinct species of sphenodontian dated from the Middle Jurassic.

See Rhynchocephalia and Sphenovipera

Splenial

The splenial is a small bone in the lower jaw of reptiles, amphibians and birds, usually located on the lingual side (closest to the tongue) between the angular and surangular.

See Rhynchocephalia and Splenial

Squamata

Squamata (Latin squamatus, 'scaly, having scales') is the largest order of reptiles, comprising lizards and snakes.

See Rhynchocephalia and Squamata

St Bathans fauna

The St Bathans fauna is found in the lower Bannockburn Formation of the Manuherikia Group of Central Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand.

See Rhynchocephalia and St Bathans fauna

Talus bone

The talus (Latin for ankle or ankle bone;: tali), talus bone, astragalus, or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus.

See Rhynchocephalia and Talus bone

Tarsus (skeleton)

In the human body, the tarsus (tarsi) is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus.

See Rhynchocephalia and Tarsus (skeleton)

Temporal fenestra

Temporal fenestrae are openings in the temporal region of the skull of some amniotes, behind the orbit (eye socket).

See Rhynchocephalia and Temporal fenestra

Tetrapod

A tetrapod is any four-limbed vertebrate animal of the superclass Tetrapoda.

See Rhynchocephalia and Tetrapod

Theretairus

Theretairus is a Late Jurassic genus of sphenodont reptile from the Morrison Formation of western North America,Foster, J. (2007).

See Rhynchocephalia and Theretairus

Three-point flexural test

The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending E_f, flexural stress \sigma_f, flexural strain \epsilon_f and the flexural stress–strain response of the material.

See Rhynchocephalia and Three-point flexural test

Tooth enamel

Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many animals, including some species of fish.

See Rhynchocephalia and Tooth enamel

Toxolophosaurus

Toxolophosaurus was a sphenodont which lived in North America during the Early Cretaceous.

See Rhynchocephalia and Toxolophosaurus

Triassic

The Triassic (sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya.

See Rhynchocephalia and Triassic

Triassic–Jurassic extinction event

The Triassic–Jurassic (Tr-J) extinction event (TJME), often called the end-Triassic extinction, was a Mesozoic extinction event that marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods,, and is one of the top five major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon, profoundly affecting life on land and in the oceans.

See Rhynchocephalia and Triassic–Jurassic extinction event

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhynchocephalia

Also known as Acrosphenodontia, Eusphenodontia, Leptorhynchia, Neosphenodontia, Rhynchocephalian, Sphenodont, Sphenodonta, Sphenodontia, Sphenodontian, Sphenodontians, Sphenodontid, Sphenodontida.

, Gephyrosauridae, Gephyrosaurus, Gila monster, Godavarisaurus, Guadalupian, Helodermatidae, Hemipenis, Herbivore, Holocene, Homoeosaurus, Indian subcontinent, Insectivore, Insular India, Intertrappean Beds, Ischium, John Edward Gray, Journal of Anatomy, Journal of Paleontology, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, Jugal bone, Jurassic, Kallimodon, Karger Publishers, Kawasphenodon, Lacrimal bone, Ladinian, Lamarquesaurus, Lanceirosphenodon, Late Cretaceous, Late Triassic, Lepidosauria, Lepidosauromorpha, Leptosaurus, Lizard, Lufeng Formation, Mandible, Maxilla, Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics), Mesozoic, Metatarsal bones, Micromenodon, Microsphenodon, Middle Triassic, Miocene, Nature (journal), Nature Communications, Navajosphenodon, New Zealand, Oceanic dispersal, Oenosaurus, Opisthiamimus, Opisthias, Opisthodontia (reptile), Order (biology), Ossification center, Osteoderm, Palaeontology (journal), Palaeopleurosaurus, Palatine bone, Paleocene, Paleollanosaurus, Pamizinsaurus, Pangaea, Parietal bone, Parietal eye, Parvosaurus, Patagonia, Pelecymala, Penegephyrosaurus, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Piscivore, Planocephalosaurus, Pleurodont, Pleurosauridae, Pleurosaurus, PLOS One, Polysphenodon, Polytomy, Premaxilla, Primitive (phylogenetics), Priosphenodon, Process (anatomy), Pterygoid bone, Quadrate bone, Quadratojugal bone, Random House, Rebbanasaurus, Reptile, Rhynchosaur, Samuel Wendell Williston, Sapheosaur, Sapheosaurus, Sigmala, Sinemurian, Snake, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Speciation, Sphenocondor, Sphenodontidae, Sphenofontis, Sphenotitan, Sphenovipera, Splenial, Squamata, St Bathans fauna, Talus bone, Tarsus (skeleton), Temporal fenestra, Tetrapod, Theretairus, Three-point flexural test, Tooth enamel, Toxolophosaurus, Triassic, Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, Trullidens, Tuatara, University College London, Vadasaurus, Vellberg, Venom, Vomer, Wastebasket taxon, Whitakersaurus, Wirtembergia, Yunnan, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

Rhynchocephalia, the Glossary

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