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Rolf Carls, the Glossary

Index Rolf Carls

Rolf Hans Wilhelm Karl Carls (29 May 1885 – 24 April 1945) was a high-ranking German admiral during World War II.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 90 relations: Admiral, Adolf Hitler, Anglo-Saxons, Bad Oldesloe, Black Sea, Captain (naval), Ceuta, Commander-in-chief, Conrad Albrecht, Crew, Dardanelles, Deutschland-class cruiser, East Asia Squadron, Erich Raeder, Fähnrich zur See, Fleet commander (Kriegsmarine), Francisco Franco, Fregattenkapitän, Freikorps, Gallipoli Star, General admiral, German Bight, German colonial empire, German Cross, German cruiser Deutschland, German Empire, German involvement in the Spanish Civil War, German torpedo boat Luchs, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Hermann Boehm (admiral), Hungarian Order of Merit, Imperial German Navy, Imtiaz Medal, Iron Cross, James Somerville, Kapitänleutnant, Karl Dönitz, Kiel, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, Konteradmiral, Korvettenkapitän, Leutnant zur See, Marinestation der Ostsee, Medalla de la Campaña, Mediterranean Division, Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nazi Germany, Oberkommando der Marine, Oberleutnant zur See, Operation Barbarossa, ... Expand index (40 more) »

  2. Counter admirals of the Reichsmarine
  3. General admirals of the Kriegsmarine
  4. German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War
  5. Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (military)
  6. Military personnel from Rostock
  7. Military personnel from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  8. Recipients of the Silver Imtiyaz Medal
  9. U-boat commanders (Imperial German Navy)

Admiral

Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies.

See Rolf Carls and Admiral

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See Rolf Carls and Adolf Hitler

Anglo-Saxons

The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.

See Rolf Carls and Anglo-Saxons

Bad Oldesloe

Bad Oldesloe is a town located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

See Rolf Carls and Bad Oldesloe

Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

See Rolf Carls and Black Sea

Captain (naval)

Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships.

See Rolf Carls and Captain (naval)

Ceuta

Ceuta (Sabta; Sabtah) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast.

See Rolf Carls and Ceuta

Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over an armed force or a military branch.

See Rolf Carls and Commander-in-chief

Conrad Albrecht

Conrad Albrecht (7 October 1880 in Bremen – 18 August 1969 in Hamburg) was a German admiral during World War II. Rolf Carls and Conrad Albrecht are general admirals of the Kriegsmarine and imperial German Navy personnel of World War I.

See Rolf Carls and Conrad Albrecht

Crew

A crew is a body or a group of people who work at a common activity, generally in a structured or hierarchical organization.

See Rolf Carls and Crew

Dardanelles

The Dardanelles (lit; translit), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after the Gallipoli peninsula) and in Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (Helle), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey.

See Rolf Carls and Dardanelles

Deutschland-class cruiser

The Deutschland class was a series of three Panzerschiffe (armored ships), a form of heavily armed cruiser, built by the Reichsmarine officially in accordance with restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.

See Rolf Carls and Deutschland-class cruiser

East Asia Squadron

The German East Asia Squadron (Kreuzergeschwader / Ostasiengeschwader) was an Imperial German Navy cruiser squadron which operated mainly in the Pacific Ocean between the mid-1890s until 1914, when it was destroyed at the Battle of the Falkland Islands.

See Rolf Carls and East Asia Squadron

Erich Raeder

Erich Johann Albert Raeder (24 April 1876 – 6 November 1960) was a German admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II, and was convicted of war crimes after the war. Rolf Carls and Erich Raeder are Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (military), imperial German Navy personnel of World War I, Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and Recipients of the Silver Imtiyaz Medal.

See Rolf Carls and Erich Raeder

Fähnrich zur See

Fähnrich zur See (Fähnr zS or FRZS) designates in the German Navy of the Bundeswehr a military person or member of the armed forces with the second highest Officer Aspirant (OA – Offizieranwärter) rank.

See Rolf Carls and Fähnrich zur See

Fleet commander (Kriegsmarine)

The Fleet commander of the Kriegsmarine (Flottenchef) was the highest ranked administrative officer in the organization of the Kriegsmarine, and served as a member of the Oberkommando der Marine.

See Rolf Carls and Fleet commander (Kriegsmarine)

Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo.

See Rolf Carls and Francisco Franco

Fregattenkapitän

Fregattenkapitän is the middle ranking senior officer in a number of Germanic-speaking navies.

See Rolf Carls and Fregattenkapitän

Freikorps

Freikorps ("Free Corps" or "Volunteer Corps") were irregular German and other European paramilitary volunteer units that existed from the 18th to the early 20th centuries.

See Rolf Carls and Freikorps

Gallipoli Star

The Gallipolli Star is a military decoration awarded by the Ottoman Empire.

See Rolf Carls and Gallipoli Star

General admiral

General admiral or Admiral general was first a Dutch then Danish, German, Russian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish naval rank.

See Rolf Carls and General admiral

German Bight

The German Bight (Deutsche Bucht; tyske bugt; Duitse bocht; Dútske bocht;; sometimes also the German Bay) is the southeastern bight of the North Sea bounded by the Netherlands and Germany to the south, and Denmark and Germany to the east (the Jutland peninsula).

See Rolf Carls and German Bight

German colonial empire

The German colonial empire (Deutsches Kolonialreich) constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies, and territories of the German Empire.

See Rolf Carls and German colonial empire

German Cross

The War Order of the German Cross (Der Kriegsorden Deutsches Kreuz), normally abbreviated to the German Cross or Deutsches Kreuz, was instituted by Adolf Hitler on 28 September 1941.

See Rolf Carls and German Cross

German cruiser Deutschland

Deutschland was the lead ship of her class of heavy cruisers (often termed pocket battleships) which served with the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during World War II.

See Rolf Carls and German cruiser Deutschland

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

See Rolf Carls and German Empire

German involvement in the Spanish Civil War

German involvement in the Spanish Civil War commenced with the outbreak of war in July 1936, with Adolf Hitler immediately sending in air and armored units to assist General Francisco Franco and his Nationalist forces.

See Rolf Carls and German involvement in the Spanish Civil War

German torpedo boat Luchs

Luchs was the fourth of six Type 24 torpedo boats built for the German Navy (initially called the Reichsmarine and then renamed as the Kriegsmarine in 1935) during the 1920s.

See Rolf Carls and German torpedo boat Luchs

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Großherzogtum Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a territory in Northern Germany held by the House of Mecklenburg residing at Schwerin.

See Rolf Carls and Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Hermann Boehm (admiral)

Hermann Boehm (18 January 1884, Rybnik – 11 April 1972, Kiel) was a German naval officer who rose to the rank of General Admiral during the Second World War. Rolf Carls and Hermann Boehm (admiral) are counter admirals of the Reichsmarine, general admirals of the Kriegsmarine, German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War, imperial German Navy personnel of World War I and Recipients of the Gold German Cross.

See Rolf Carls and Hermann Boehm (admiral)

Hungarian Order of Merit

The Hungarian Order of Merit (Magyar Érdemrend) is the fourth highest State Order of Hungary.

See Rolf Carls and Hungarian Order of Merit

Imperial German Navy

The Imperial German Navy or the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919.

See Rolf Carls and Imperial German Navy

Imtiaz Medal

The Imtiyaz Medal / Imtiaz Medal (İmtiyaz Madalyası) was an Ottoman military decoration, instituted in 1882.

See Rolf Carls and Imtiaz Medal

Iron Cross

The Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz,, abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (1871–1918) and Nazi Germany (1933–1945).

See Rolf Carls and Iron Cross

James Somerville

Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Fownes Somerville, (17 July 1882 – 19 March 1949) was a Royal Navy officer.

See Rolf Carls and James Somerville

Kapitänleutnant

, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group of the German.

See Rolf Carls and Kapitänleutnant

Karl Dönitz

Karl Dönitz (sometimes spelled Doenitz;; 16 September 189124 December 1980) was a German admiral who briefly succeeded Adolf Hitler as head of state in May 1945, holding the position until the dissolution of the Flensburg Government following Germany's unconditional surrender to the Allies days later. Rolf Carls and Karl Dönitz are imperial German Navy personnel of World War I and u-boat commanders (Imperial German Navy).

See Rolf Carls and Karl Dönitz

Kiel

Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021).

See Rolf Carls and Kiel

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), or simply the Knight's Cross (Ritterkreuz), and its variants, were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

See Rolf Carls and Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Konteradmiral

Konteradmiral (abbreviated KAdm) is a senior naval flag officer rank in several German-speaking countries, equivalent to counter or rear admiral.

See Rolf Carls and Konteradmiral

Korvettenkapitän

Korvettenkapitän is the lowest ranking senior officer in a number of Germanic-speaking navies.

See Rolf Carls and Korvettenkapitän

Leutnant zur See

(Lt zS or LZS) is the lowest officer rank in the German Navy.

See Rolf Carls and Leutnant zur See

Marinestation der Ostsee

The Marinestation der Ostsee (Baltic Sea Naval Station) was a command of both the Imperial German Navy, and the Reichsmarine which served as a shore command for German naval units operating primarily in the Baltic Sea.

See Rolf Carls and Marinestation der Ostsee

Medalla de la Campaña

The Medal for the Campaign (Spanish: Medalla de la Campaña) was a Spanish military decoration of 1936 to 1939.

See Rolf Carls and Medalla de la Campaña

Mediterranean Division

The Mediterranean Division (Mittelmeerdivision) was a division consisting of the battlecruiser and the light cruiser of the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in the early 1910s.

See Rolf Carls and Mediterranean Division

Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

The Nationalist faction (Bando nacional) or Rebel faction (Bando sublevado) was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939.

See Rolf Carls and Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

See Rolf Carls and Nazi Germany

Oberkommando der Marine

The Oberkommando der Marine (abbreviated OKM) was the high command and the highest administrative and command authority of the Kriegsmarine.

See Rolf Carls and Oberkommando der Marine

Oberleutnant zur See

(OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy.

See Rolf Carls and Oberleutnant zur See

Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

See Rolf Carls and Operation Barbarossa

Operation Weserübung

Operation Weserübung (Unternehmen Weserübung,, 9 April – 10 June 1940) was the invasion of Denmark and Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War and the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign.

See Rolf Carls and Operation Weserübung

Order of Distinction (Ottoman Empire)

The Nishan-e-Imtiaz or Order of Honour (نشانِ امتیاز) was an order of the Ottoman Empire founded by Sultan Abdulmejid I. It was a higher honor than the Order of Glory and given to reward merit and outstanding services.

See Rolf Carls and Order of Distinction (Ottoman Empire)

Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria)

The Order of Military Merit (Орден за Военна Заслуга) is a Bulgarian order during the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Republic of Bulgaria.

See Rolf Carls and Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria)

Order of Osmanieh

The Order of Osmanieh (نشانِ عثمانیه, Modern Osmaniye Nişanı) was a civil and military decoration of the Ottoman Empire.

See Rolf Carls and Order of Osmanieh

Order of the Cross of Liberty

The Order of the Cross of Liberty (Vapaudenristin ritarikunta; Frihetskorsets orden) is one of three official state orders in Finland, along with the Order of the White Rose of Finland and the Order of the Lion of Finland.

See Rolf Carls and Order of the Cross of Liberty

Order of the Crown (Prussia)

The Royal Order of the Crown (Königlicher Kronen-Orden) was a Prussian order of chivalry.

See Rolf Carls and Order of the Crown (Prussia)

Order of the Crown of Italy

The Order of the Crown of Italy (italic or OCI) was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861.

See Rolf Carls and Order of the Crown of Italy

Order of the White Rose of Finland

The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland.

See Rolf Carls and Order of the White Rose of Finland

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

See Rolf Carls and Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Navy

The Ottoman Navy (Osmanlı Donanması) or The Imperial Navy (Donanma-yı Humâyûn.), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was the naval warfare arm of the Ottoman Empire.

See Rolf Carls and Ottoman Navy

Palma de Mallorca

Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983 and 1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain.

See Rolf Carls and Palma de Mallorca

Province of Schleswig-Holstein

The Province of Schleswig-Holstein (Provinz Schleswig-Holstein) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia (from 1868 to 1918) and the Free State of Prussia (from 1918 to 1946).

See Rolf Carls and Province of Schleswig-Holstein

Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau

The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau was a naval action that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea at the outbreak of the First World War when elements of the British Mediterranean Fleet attempted to intercept the German Mittelmeerdivision consisting of the battlecruiser and the light cruiser.

See Rolf Carls and Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau

Reichsmarine

The was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany.

See Rolf Carls and Reichsmarine

Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)

The Republican faction (Bando republicano), also known as the Loyalist faction (Bando leal) or the Government faction (Bando gubernamental), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction of the military rebellion.

See Rolf Carls and Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)

Rostock

Rostock (Polabian: Roztoc), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock), is the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, close to the border with Pomerania.

See Rolf Carls and Rostock

Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.

See Rolf Carls and Royal Air Force

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

See Rolf Carls and Russian Empire

Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag

Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag ("Schleswig-Holstein Newspaper publisher"), sh:z, is a newspaper group based in Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein.

See Rolf Carls and Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag

Seekadett

Seekadett (short SKad or SK;,Langenscheidt´s Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the English and German language: „Der Große Muret-Sander“, Part II German-English, Second Volume L–Z, 8th edition 1999,; p. 1.381) is a military rank of the Bundeswehr and of former German-speaking naval forces.

See Rolf Carls and Seekadett

Seekriegsleitung

The Seekriegsleitung or SKL (Maritime Warfare Command) was a higher command staff section of the Kaiserliche Marine and the Kriegsmarine of Germany during the World Wars.

See Rolf Carls and Seekriegsleitung

Ship of the line

A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century.

See Rolf Carls and Ship of the line

Silesian Eagle

The Silesian Eagle (German language: Schlesischer Adler) was a medal awarded to members of the German right-wing paramilitary group Freikorps Oberland for three or six months of service, as well as for fighting during the Silesian Uprisings during the Weimar Republic.

See Rolf Carls and Silesian Eagle

SM U-124

SM U-124 was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. U-124 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic under the command of Kapitänleutnant Rolf Carls (later a Generaladmiral in the Kriegsmarine).

See Rolf Carls and SM U-124

SM U-9

SM U-9 was a German Type U 9 U-boat.

See Rolf Carls and SM U-9

SMS Breslau

SMS Breslau was a of the Imperial German Navy, built in the early 1910s and named after the Lower Silesian city of Breslau.

See Rolf Carls and SMS Breslau

SMS Fürst Bismarck

SMS Fürst Bismarck (Prince Bismarck) was Germany's first armored cruiser, built for the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) before the turn of the 20th century.

See Rolf Carls and SMS Fürst Bismarck

SMS Goeben

SMS Goeben was the second of two s of the Imperial German Navy, launched in 1911 and named after the German Franco-Prussian War veteran General August Karl von Goeben.

See Rolf Carls and SMS Goeben

SMS Hessen

SMS Hessen was the third of five pre-dreadnought battleships of the.

See Rolf Carls and SMS Hessen

SMS Stein

SMS Stein was a built for the German Imperial Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) in the late 1870s.

See Rolf Carls and SMS Stein

Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.

See Rolf Carls and Spanish Civil War

Spanish Cross

The Spanish Cross (Spanien-Kreuz) was an award of Nazi Germany given to German troops who participated in the Spanish Civil War, fighting for nationalist general, later Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco. Rolf Carls and Spanish Cross are German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War.

See Rolf Carls and Spanish Cross

The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918

The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918 (Das Ehrenkreuz des Weltkrieges 1914/1918), commonly referred to as the Hindenburg Cross or the German WWI Service Cross, was established by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, President of the German Weimar Republic, by an order dated 13 July 1934, to commemorate service of the German people during the First World War.

See Rolf Carls and The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918

Vizeadmiral

Vizeadmiral (abbreviated VAdm) is a senior naval flag officer rank in several German-speaking countries, equivalent to Vice admiral.

See Rolf Carls and Vizeadmiral

Vocational school

A vocational school, trade school, or technical school is a type of educational institution, which, depending on the country, may refer to either secondary or post-secondary education designed to provide vocational education or technical skills required to complete the tasks of a particular and specific job.

See Rolf Carls and Vocational school

Wehrmacht Long Service Award

The Wehrmacht Long Service Award was a military service decoration of Nazi Germany issued for satisfactory completion of a number of years in military service.

See Rolf Carls and Wehrmacht Long Service Award

Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

See Rolf Carls and Weimar Republic

Wilhelmshaven

Wilhelmshaven (Wilhelm's Harbour; Northern Low Saxon: Willemshaven) is a coastal town in Lower Saxony, Germany.

See Rolf Carls and Wilhelmshaven

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See Rolf Carls and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Rolf Carls and World War II

See also

Counter admirals of the Reichsmarine

General admirals of the Kriegsmarine

German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War

Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (military)

Military personnel from Rostock

Military personnel from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Recipients of the Silver Imtiyaz Medal

U-boat commanders (Imperial German Navy)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_Carls

, Operation Weserübung, Order of Distinction (Ottoman Empire), Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria), Order of Osmanieh, Order of the Cross of Liberty, Order of the Crown (Prussia), Order of the Crown of Italy, Order of the White Rose of Finland, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Navy, Palma de Mallorca, Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau, Reichsmarine, Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Rostock, Royal Air Force, Russian Empire, Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag, Seekadett, Seekriegsleitung, Ship of the line, Silesian Eagle, SM U-124, SM U-9, SMS Breslau, SMS Fürst Bismarck, SMS Goeben, SMS Hessen, SMS Stein, Spanish Civil War, Spanish Cross, The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918, Vizeadmiral, Vocational school, Wehrmacht Long Service Award, Weimar Republic, Wilhelmshaven, World War I, World War II.