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Ryukyu Arc, the Glossary

Index Ryukyu Arc

The Ryukyu Arc is an island arc which extends from the south of Kyushu along the Ryukyu Islands to the northeast of Taiwan, spanning about.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 100 relations: Accretionary wedge, Allochthon, Amami Islands, Ammonoidea, Ōsumi Islands, Back-arc basin, Breccia, Bryozoa, Calcareous, Cenozoic, Chert, Conglomerate (geology), Continental shelf, Convergent boundary, Cretaceous, Dike (geology), East China Sea, Echinoderm, Erosion, Eurasian Plate, Flysch, Fold (geology), Foraminifera, Forearc, Gastropoda, Geology of Taiwan, Graben, Greenschist, Holocene, Honshu, Igneous intrusion, Igneous rock, Iriomote Island, Ishigaki Island, Island arc, Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc, Jurassic, Kyushu, Limestone, Low-velocity zone, Mafic, Matrix (geology), Metamorphic facies, Metamorphic rock, Metasedimentary rock, Miocene, Miyako Islands, Miyako Strait, Mollusca, Mudstone, ... Expand index (50 more) »

  2. Island arcs
  3. Natural history of the Ryukyu Islands
  4. Volcanism of Japan

Accretionary wedge

An accretionary wedge or accretionary prism forms from sediments accreted onto the non-subducting tectonic plate at a convergent plate boundary.

See Ryukyu Arc and Accretionary wedge

Allochthon

window. A klippe is a solitary outcrop of the nappe in the middle of autochthonous material. An allochthon, or an allochthonous block, is a large block of rock which has been moved from its original site of formation, usually by low angle thrust faulting.

See Ryukyu Arc and Allochthon

Amami Islands

The The name Amami-guntō was standardized on February 15, 2010.

See Ryukyu Arc and Amami Islands

Ammonoidea

Ammonoids are extinct spiral shelled cephalopods comprising the subclass Ammonoidea.

See Ryukyu Arc and Ammonoidea

Ōsumi Islands

The is an archipelago in the Ryukyu Archipelago, and are the northernmost group of the Ryukyu Islands, The chain extends from the southern tip of Kyushu to Yakushima.

See Ryukyu Arc and Ōsumi Islands

Back-arc basin

A back-arc basin is a type of geologic basin, found at some convergent plate boundaries.

See Ryukyu Arc and Back-arc basin

Breccia

Breccia is a rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix.

See Ryukyu Arc and Breccia

Bryozoa

Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies.

See Ryukyu Arc and Bryozoa

Calcareous

Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky.

See Ryukyu Arc and Calcareous

Cenozoic

The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history.

See Ryukyu Arc and Cenozoic

Chert

Chert is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).

See Ryukyu Arc and Chert

Conglomerate (geology)

Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts.

See Ryukyu Arc and Conglomerate (geology)

Continental shelf

A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea.

See Ryukyu Arc and Continental shelf

Convergent boundary

A convergent boundary (also known as a destructive boundary) is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide.

See Ryukyu Arc and Convergent boundary

Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).

See Ryukyu Arc and Cretaceous

Dike (geology)

In geology, a dike or dyke is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body.

See Ryukyu Arc and Dike (geology)

East China Sea

The East China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China.

See Ryukyu Arc and East China Sea

Echinoderm

An echinoderm is any deuterostomal animal of the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies".

See Ryukyu Arc and Echinoderm

Erosion

Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited.

See Ryukyu Arc and Erosion

Eurasian Plate

The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia), with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian subcontinent and the area east of the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia.

See Ryukyu Arc and Eurasian Plate

Flysch

Flysch is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones.

See Ryukyu Arc and Flysch

Fold (geology)

In structural geology, a fold is a stack of originally planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, that are bent or curved ("folded") during permanent deformation.

See Ryukyu Arc and Fold (geology)

Foraminifera

Foraminifera (Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of Rhizarian protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "test") of diverse forms and materials.

See Ryukyu Arc and Foraminifera

Forearc

Forearc is a plate tectonic term referring to a region in a subduction zone between an oceanic trench and the associated volcanic arc.

See Ryukyu Arc and Forearc

Gastropoda

Gastropods, commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda.

See Ryukyu Arc and Gastropoda

Geology of Taiwan

The island of Taiwan was formed approximately 4 to 5 million years ago at a convergent boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

See Ryukyu Arc and Geology of Taiwan

Graben

In geology, a graben is a depressed block of the crust of a planet or moon, bordered by parallel normal faults.

See Ryukyu Arc and Graben

Greenschist

Greenschists are metamorphic rocks that formed under the lowest temperatures and pressures usually produced by regional metamorphism, typically and 2–10 kilobars.

See Ryukyu Arc and Greenschist

Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.

See Ryukyu Arc and Holocene

Honshu

, historically called, is the largest and most populous island of Japan.

See Ryukyu Arc and Honshu

Igneous intrusion

In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body or simply intrusion) is a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth.

See Ryukyu Arc and Igneous intrusion

Igneous rock

Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.

See Ryukyu Arc and Igneous rock

Iriomote Island

is the largest of the Yaeyama Islands of Japan, and the second largest in Okinawa Prefecture after Okinawa Island itself.

See Ryukyu Arc and Iriomote Island

Ishigaki Island

, also known as Ishigakijima, is a Japanese island south-west of Okinawa Hontō and the second-largest island of the Yaeyama Island group, behind Iriomote Island.

See Ryukyu Arc and Ishigaki Island

Island arc

Island arcs are long chains of active volcanoes with intense seismic activity found along convergent tectonic plate boundaries. Ryukyu Arc and Island arc are island arcs.

See Ryukyu Arc and Island arc

Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc

The Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) arc system is a tectonic plate convergent boundary in Micronesia.

See Ryukyu Arc and Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc

Jurassic

The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.

See Ryukyu Arc and Jurassic

Kyushu

is the third-largest island of Japan's four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa).

See Ryukyu Arc and Kyushu

Limestone

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.

See Ryukyu Arc and Limestone

Low-velocity zone

The low-velocity zone (LVZ) occurs close to the boundary between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere in the upper mantle.

See Ryukyu Arc and Low-velocity zone

Mafic

A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron.

See Ryukyu Arc and Mafic

Matrix (geology)

The matrix or groundmass of a rock is the finer-grained mass of material in which larger grains, crystals, or clasts are embedded.

See Ryukyu Arc and Matrix (geology)

A metamorphic facies is a set of mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks formed under similar pressures and temperatures.

See Ryukyu Arc and Metamorphic facies

Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock in a process called metamorphism.

See Ryukyu Arc and Metamorphic rock

In geology, metasedimentary rock is a type of metamorphic rock.

See Ryukyu Arc and Metasedimentary rock

Miocene

The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).

See Ryukyu Arc and Miocene

Miyako Islands

The (also Miyako Jima group) are a group of islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, belonging to the Ryukyu Islands.

See Ryukyu Arc and Miyako Islands

Miyako Strait

The, also known as the Kerama Gap, is a waterway which lies between Miyako Island and Okinawa Island consisting of a 250km-wide passageway with international waters and airspace.

See Ryukyu Arc and Miyako Strait

Mollusca

Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks.

See Ryukyu Arc and Mollusca

Mudstone

Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.

See Ryukyu Arc and Mudstone

Nummulite

A nummulite is a large lenticular fossil, characterised by its numerous coils, subdivided by septa into chambers.

See Ryukyu Arc and Nummulite

Okinawa Island

, officially, is the largest of the Okinawa Islands and the Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands of Japan in the Kyushu region.

See Ryukyu Arc and Okinawa Island

Okinawa Islands

The are an island group in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and are the principal island group of the prefecture.

See Ryukyu Arc and Okinawa Islands

Okinawa Trough

The (also called, literally China-Ryukyu Border Trough) is a seabed feature of the East China Sea.

See Ryukyu Arc and Okinawa Trough

Oligocene

The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.

See Ryukyu Arc and Oligocene

Olistostrome

An olistostrome is a sedimentary deposit composed of a chaotic mass of heterogeneous material, such as blocks and mud, known as olistoliths, that accumulates as a semifluid body by submarine gravity sliding or slumping of the unconsolidated sediments.

See Ryukyu Arc and Olistostrome

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.

See Ryukyu Arc and Pacific Ocean

Paleomagnetism

Paleomagnetism (occasionally palaeomagnetism) is the study of prehistoric Earth's magnetic fields recorded in rocks, sediment, or archeological materials.

See Ryukyu Arc and Paleomagnetism

Paleontology

Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

See Ryukyu Arc and Paleontology

Paleozoic

The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.

See Ryukyu Arc and Paleozoic

Pangaea

Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

See Ryukyu Arc and Pangaea

Panthalassa

Panthalassa, also known as the Panthalassic Ocean or Panthalassan Ocean (from Greek πᾶν "all" and θάλασσα "sea"), was the vast superocean that encompassed planet Earth and surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea, the latest in a series of supercontinents in the history of Earth.

See Ryukyu Arc and Panthalassa

Permian

The Permian is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya.

See Ryukyu Arc and Permian

Philippine Sea Plate

The Philippine Sea Plate or the Philippine Plate is a tectonic plate comprising oceanic lithosphere that lies beneath the Philippine Sea, to the east of the Philippines.

See Ryukyu Arc and Philippine Sea Plate

Phyllite

Phyllite is a type of foliated metamorphic rock formed from slate that is further metamorphosed so that very fine grained white mica achieves a preferred orientation.

See Ryukyu Arc and Phyllite

Pleistocene

The Pleistocene (often referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.

See Ryukyu Arc and Pleistocene

Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years ago.

See Ryukyu Arc and Pliocene

Radiolaria

The Radiolaria, also called Radiozoa, are protozoa of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions of endoplasm and ectoplasm.

See Ryukyu Arc and Radiolaria

Radiometric dating

Radiometric dating, radioactive dating or radioisotope dating is a technique which is used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.

See Ryukyu Arc and Radiometric dating

Reflection seismology

Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves.

See Ryukyu Arc and Reflection seismology

Rift

In geology, a rift is a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart and is an example of extensional tectonics.

See Ryukyu Arc and Rift

Ryukyu Islands

The, also known as the or the, are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ōsumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni the westernmost.

See Ryukyu Arc and Ryukyu Islands

Ryukyu Trench

The, also called Nansei-Shotō Trench, is a 1398 km (868 mi) long oceanic trench located along the southeastern edge of Japan's Ryukyu Islands in the Philippine Sea in the Pacific Ocean, between northeastern Taiwan and southern Japan. Ryukyu Arc and Ryukyu Trench are Natural history of the Ryukyu Islands.

See Ryukyu Arc and Ryukyu Trench

Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.

See Ryukyu Arc and Sandstone

Schist

Schist is a medium-grained metamorphic rock showing pronounced schistosity.

See Ryukyu Arc and Schist

Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.

See Ryukyu Arc and Sedimentary rock

Sedimentation

Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments.

See Ryukyu Arc and Sedimentation

Seismicity

Seismicity is a measure encompassing earthquake occurrences, mechanisms, and magnitude at a given geographical location.

See Ryukyu Arc and Seismicity

Sesoko Island

Sesoko Island (瀬底島, Japanese: Sesoko-jima, Okinawan: Shisuku-jima) is a small island in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

See Ryukyu Arc and Sesoko Island

Shale

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.

See Ryukyu Arc and Shale

Shikoku

, is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan.

See Ryukyu Arc and Shikoku

Siliceous rock

Siliceous rocks are sedimentary rocks that have silica (SiO2) as the principal constituent.

See Ryukyu Arc and Siliceous rock

Sill (geology)

In geology, a sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock.

See Ryukyu Arc and Sill (geology)

Siltstone

Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt.

See Ryukyu Arc and Siltstone

Slate

Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade, regional metamorphism.

See Ryukyu Arc and Slate

Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

See Ryukyu Arc and Taiwan

Taketomi Island

is an island in the town of Taketomi, within Yaeyama District of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

See Ryukyu Arc and Taketomi Island

Tectonic subsidence

Tectonic subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid.

See Ryukyu Arc and Tectonic subsidence

Tectonic uplift

Tectonic uplift is the geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics.

See Ryukyu Arc and Tectonic uplift

Terrigenous sediment

In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, they are derived from terrestrial (as opposed to marine) environments.

See Ryukyu Arc and Terrigenous sediment

Thrust fault

A thrust fault is a break in the Earth's crust, across which older rocks are pushed above younger rocks.

See Ryukyu Arc and Thrust fault

Toarcian

The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic.

See Ryukyu Arc and Toarcian

Trace fossil

A trace fossil, also known as an ichnofossil (from ἴχνος ikhnos "trace, track"), is a fossil record of biological activity by lifeforms but not the preserved remains of the organism itself.

See Ryukyu Arc and Trace fossil

Triassic

The Triassic (sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya.

See Ryukyu Arc and Triassic

Tuff

Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption.

See Ryukyu Arc and Tuff

Ultramafic rock

Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).

See Ryukyu Arc and Ultramafic rock

Unconformity

An unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous.

See Ryukyu Arc and Unconformity

Wadati–Benioff zone

A Wadati–Benioff zone (also Benioff–Wadati zone or Benioff zone or Benioff seismic zone) is a planar zone of seismicity corresponding with the down-going slab in a subduction zone.

See Ryukyu Arc and Wadati–Benioff zone

Yaeyama Islands

The Yaeyama Islands (八重山列島 Yaeyama-rettō, also 八重山諸島 Yaeyama-shotō, Yaeyama: Yaima, Yonaguni: Daama, Okinawan: Yeema, Northern Ryukyuan: やへま Yapema) are an archipelago in the southwest of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and cover.

See Ryukyu Arc and Yaeyama Islands

Year

A year is the time taken for astronomical objects to complete one orbit.

See Ryukyu Arc and Year

See also

Island arcs

Natural history of the Ryukyu Islands

Volcanism of Japan

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu_Arc

Also known as Ryukyu arc-trench system.

, Nummulite, Okinawa Island, Okinawa Islands, Okinawa Trough, Oligocene, Olistostrome, Pacific Ocean, Paleomagnetism, Paleontology, Paleozoic, Pangaea, Panthalassa, Permian, Philippine Sea Plate, Phyllite, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Radiolaria, Radiometric dating, Reflection seismology, Rift, Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu Trench, Sandstone, Schist, Sedimentary rock, Sedimentation, Seismicity, Sesoko Island, Shale, Shikoku, Siliceous rock, Sill (geology), Siltstone, Slate, Taiwan, Taketomi Island, Tectonic subsidence, Tectonic uplift, Terrigenous sediment, Thrust fault, Toarcian, Trace fossil, Triassic, Tuff, Ultramafic rock, Unconformity, Wadati–Benioff zone, Yaeyama Islands, Year.