S phase, the Glossary
S phase (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase.[1]
Table of Contents
31 relations: Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related, ATM serine/threonine kinase, Cell cycle, Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase, Cyclin, Cyclin-dependent kinase, DNA, DNA polymerase, DNA repair, DNA replication, E2F, G1 phase, G2 phase, Histone, Homologous recombination, Minichromosome maintenance, Mitogen, NPAT (gene), Nucleosome, Origin of replication, Polyadenylation, PRC2, Pre-replication complex, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Replication protein A, Restriction point, S phase index, Semiconservative replication, SLBP, Stem-loop, Whi5.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or FRAP-related protein 1 (FRP1), is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ATR gene.
See S phase and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related
ATM serine/threonine kinase
ATM serine/threonine kinase or Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, symbol ATM, is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks (canonical pathway), oxidative stress, topoisomerase cleavage complexes, splicing intermediates, R-loops and in some cases by single-strand DNA breaks.
See S phase and ATM serine/threonine kinase
Cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells.
Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC7 gene.
See S phase and Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase
Cyclin
Cyclins are proteins that control the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). S phase and cyclin are cell cycle.
Cyclin-dependent kinase
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a predominant group of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and its progression, ensuring the integrity and functionality of cellular machinery.
See S phase and Cyclin-dependent kinase
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See S phase and DNA
DNA polymerase
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA.
See S phase and DNA polymerase
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
See S phase and DNA replication
E2F
E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes. S phase and E2F are cell cycle.
See S phase and E2F
G1 phase
The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. S phase and g1 phase are cell cycle.
G2 phase
G2 phase, Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. S phase and G2 phase are cell cycle.
Histone
In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla.
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses).
See S phase and Homologous recombination
Minichromosome maintenance
The minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) is a DNA helicase essential for genomic DNA replication.
See S phase and Minichromosome maintenance
Mitogen
A mitogen is a small bioactive protein or peptide that induces a cell to begin cell division, or enhances the rate of division (mitosis).
NPAT (gene)
Protein NPAT also known as nuclear protein of the ATM locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPAT gene.
Nucleosome
A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes.
Origin of replication
The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated.
See S phase and Origin of replication
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA).
See S phase and Polyadenylation
PRC2
PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2) is one of the two classes of polycomb-group proteins or (PcG).
See S phase and PRC2
Pre-replication complex
A pre-replication complex (pre-RC) is a protein complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initiation step of DNA replication.
See S phase and Pre-replication complex
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication.
See S phase and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Replication protein A
Replication protein A (RPA) is the major protein that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in eukaryotic cells.
See S phase and Replication protein A
Restriction point
The restriction point (R), also known as the Start or G1/S checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint in the G1 phase of the animal cell cycle at which the cell becomes "committed" to the cell cycle, and after which extracellular signals are no longer required to stimulate proliferation. S phase and restriction point are cell cycle.
See S phase and Restriction point
S phase index
S-phase index (SPI), is a measure of cell growth and viability, especially the capacity of tumor cells to proliferate.
Semiconservative replication
Semiconservative replication describes the mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells.
See S phase and Semiconservative replication
SLBP
Histone RNA hairpin-binding protein or stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLBP gene.
See S phase and SLBP
Stem-loop
Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded RNA.
Whi5
Whi5 is a transcriptional regulator in the budding yeast cell cycle, notably in the G1 phase.
See S phase and Whi5
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_phase
Also known as S (synthesis), S phase of the cell cycle, S-Phase, Synthesis (cell cycle), Synthesis phase.