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Saint Nicholas, the Glossary

Saint Nicholas of Myra (traditionally 15 March 270 – 6 December 343), also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greek descent from the maritime city of Patara in Anatolia (in modern-day Antalya Province, Turkey) during the time of the Roman Empire.^[1]

206 relations: A Visit from St. Nicholas, Ablabius (consul), Akathist, All-night vigil, Amsterdam, Anatolia, Antalya Province, Apollonius of Tyana, Apostles in the New Testament, Apulia, Archery, Arianism, Arius, Arthritis, Athanasius of Alexandria, Čilipi, Bari, Basilica of Saint Nicholas, Bari, Basilica of Saint-Nicolas, Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, Battle of Manzikert, Beit Jala, Belsnickel, Benjamin Britten, Bethlehem, Boy bishop, Byzantine Greeks, Calendar of saints, Calendar of saints (Church of England), Calendar of saints (Lutheran), Canon (hymnography), Cantata, Capillary action, Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate, Catholic Encyclopedia, Catholic–Orthodox Joint Declaration of 1965, Charles W. Jones (medievalist), Christian denomination, Christmastide, Companions of Saint Nicholas, Confessor of the Faith, Constantine the Great, Constantinople, Conversion narrative, Cooper (profession), Coptic Orthodox Church, County Kilkenny, Cowl, Criterion of embarrassment, Crozier, Crypt, ... Expand index (156 more) »
270 births
343 deaths
3rd-century bishops in Roman Anatolia
4th-century bishops in Roman Anatolia
Ancient Anatolian Greeks
Burials at the Basilica di San Nicola
Burials in Turkey
Christmas gift-bringers
Diocletianic Persecution
Myroblyte saints
Participant in the First Council of Nicaea
Sinterklaas

A Visit from St. Nicholas

"A Visit from St.

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Ablabius (consul)

Flavius Ablabius or Ablavius (Ἀβλάβιος; fl. 4th century AD, died 338) was a high official of the Roman Empire and contemporary of Emperor Constantine I (r. 306–337).

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Akathist

An Akathist or Acathist Hymn (Ἀκάθιστος Ὕμνος, "unseated hymn") is a type of hymn usually recited by Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Christians, dedicated to a saint, holy event, or one of the persons of the Holy Trinity.

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All-night vigil

The All-night vigil is a service of the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches consisting of an aggregation of the canonical hours of Compline (in Greek usage only), Vespers (or, on a few occasions, Great Compline), Matins, and the First Hour.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam (literally, "The Dam on the River Amstel") is the capital and most populated city of the Netherlands.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.

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Antalya Province

Antalya Province (Antalya ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey.

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Apollonius of Tyana

Apollonius of Tyana (Ἀπολλώνιος) was a first-century Greek philosopher and religious leader from the town of Tyana, Cappadocia in Roman Anatolia, who spent his life travelling and teaching in the Middle East, North Africa and India.

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Apostles in the New Testament

In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles, particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus according to the New Testament.

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Apulia

Apulia, also known by its Italian name Puglia, is a region of Italy, located in the southern peninsular section of the country, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Strait of Otranto and Ionian Sea to the southeast and the Gulf of Taranto to the south.

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Archery

Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.

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Arianism

Arianism (Ἀρειανισμός) is a Christological doctrine considered heretical by all modern mainstream branches of Christianity.

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Arius

Arius (Ἄρειος, Áreios; 250 or 256 – 336) was a Cyrenaic presbyter, ascetic, and priest. Saint Nicholas and Arius are Participant in the First Council of Nicaea.

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Arthritis

Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints.

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Athanasius of Alexandria

Athanasius I of Alexandria (– 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, or, among Coptic Christians, Athanasius the Apostolic, was a Christian theologian and the 20th patriarch of Alexandria (as Athanasius I). Saint Nicholas and Athanasius of Alexandria are 4th-century Christian saints, Anglican saints and Participant in the First Council of Nicaea.

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Čilipi

Čilipi is a village located in the municipality of Konavle, 22 km southeast from the town of Dubrovnik, in southern Croatia.

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Bari

Bari (Bare; Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy.

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Basilica of Saint Nicholas, Bari

The Pontifical Basilica of Saint Nicholas (Basilica of Saint Nicholas) is a church in Bari, southern Italy, that holds wide religious significance throughout Europe and the Christian world.

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Basilica of Saint-Nicolas, Saint-Nicolas-de-Port

The Basilica of Saint Nicholas (Basilique Saint-Nicolas) is a minor basilica in the town of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port in Grand Est, France.

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Battle of Manzikert

The Battle of Manzikert or Malazgirt was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on 26 August 1071 near Manzikert, theme of Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey).

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Beit Jala

Beit Jala (بيت جالا) is a Palestinian Christian town in the Bethlehem Governorate of Palestine, in the West Bank.

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Belsnickel

Belsnickel (also known as Belschnickel, Belznickle, Belznickel, Pelznikel, Pelznickel, Bell Sniggle) is a crotchety, fur-clad Christmas gift-bringer figure in the folklore of the Palatinate region of southwestern Germany along the Rhine, the Saarland, and the Odenwald area of Baden-Württemberg. Saint Nicholas and Belsnickel are Christmas characters.

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Benjamin Britten

Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist.

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Bethlehem

Bethlehem (بيت لحم,,; בֵּית לֶחֶם) is a city in the Israeli-occupied West Bank of the State of Palestine, located about south of Jerusalem.

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Boy bishop

Boy bishop or Chorister Bishop is the title of a tradition in the Middle Ages, whereby a boy was chosen, for example, among cathedral choristers, to parody the adult bishop, commonly on the feast of Holy Innocents on 28 December.

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Byzantine Greeks

The Byzantine Greeks were the Greek-speaking Eastern Romans throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Calendar of saints

The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint.

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Calendar of saints (Church of England)

The Church of England commemorates many of the same saints as those in the General Roman Calendar, mostly on the same days, but also commemorates various notable (often post-Reformation) Christians who have not been canonised by Rome, with a particular though not exclusive emphasis on those of English origin.

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Calendar of saints (Lutheran)

The Lutheran Church has, from the time of the Reformation, continued the remembrance of saints.

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Canon (hymnography)

A canon (kanōn) is a structured hymn used in a number of Eastern Orthodox services.

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Cantata

A cantata (literally "sung", past participle feminine singular of the Italian verb cantare, "to sing") is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.

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Capillary action

Capillary action (sometimes called capillarity, capillary motion, capillary rise, capillary effect, or wicking) is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space in opposition to or at least without the assistance of any external forces like gravity.

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Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate

The Cathedral of Our Immaculate Lady (Latin: Cathedralis Templum de Nostra Domina Immaculata, French: Cathédrale de Notre-Dame-Immaculée), formerly called the Cathedral of Saint Nicholas (demolished in 1874),.

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Catholic Encyclopedia

The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States designed to serve the Catholic Church.

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Catholic–Orthodox Joint Declaration of 1965

The Catholic–Orthodox Joint Declaration of 1965 was read out on 7 December 1965 simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul.

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Charles W. Jones (medievalist)

Charles W. Jones (1905–1989) was a medievalist scholar who served on the faculties of Cornell University and the University of California, Berkeley. Saint Nicholas and Charles W. Jones (medievalist) are Santa Claus.

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Christian denomination

A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity that comprises all church congregations of the same kind, identifiable by traits such as a name, particular history, organization, leadership, theological doctrine, worship style and, sometimes, a founder.

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Christmastide

Christmastide, also known as Christide, is a season of the liturgical year in most Christian churches.

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Companions of Saint Nicholas

The companions of Saint Nicholas are a group of closely related figures who accompany Saint Nicholas throughout the territories formerly in the Holy Roman Empire or the countries that it influenced culturally. Saint Nicholas and companions of Saint Nicholas are Christian folklore and Christmas characters.

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Confessor of the Faith

Confessor of the Faith is a title given by some Christian denominations.

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Constantine the Great

Constantine I (27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. Saint Nicholas and Constantine the Great are 4th-century Christian saints and Participant in the First Council of Nicaea.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.

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Conversion narrative

Broadly speaking, a conversion narrative is a narrative that relates the operation of conversion, usually religious.

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Cooper (profession)

A cooper is a craftsman who produces wooden casks, barrels, vats, buckets, tubs, troughs, and other similar containers from timber staves that were usually heated or steamed to make them pliable.

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Coptic Orthodox Church

The Coptic Orthodox Church (lit), also known as the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt.

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County Kilkenny

County Kilkenny (Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland.

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Cowl

A cowl is an item of clothing consisting of a long, hooded garment with wide sleeves, often worn by monks.

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Criterion of embarrassment

The criterion of embarrassment is a type of biblical historical analysis in which a historical account is deemed likely to be true under the inference that the author would have no reason to invent a historical account which might embarrass them.

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Crozier

A crozier or crosier (also known as a paterissa, pastoral staff, or bishop's staff) is a stylized staff that is a symbol of the governing office of a bishop or abbot and is carried by high-ranking prelates of Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church, and some Anglican, Lutheran, United Methodist and Pentecostal churches.

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Crypt

A crypt (from Greek κρύπτη (kryptē) crypta "vault") is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church or other building.

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Cupola

In architecture, a cupola is a relatively small, most often dome-like, tall structure on top of a building.

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Cypress

Cypress is a common name for various coniferous trees or shrubs from the Cupressus genus of the Cupressaceae family, typically found in warm-temperate and subtropical regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.

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Dark skin

Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments.

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Diocese of Asia

The Diocese of Asia (Dioecesis Asiana, Διοίκησις Ἀσίας/Άσιανῆς) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire, incorporating the provinces of western Asia Minor and the islands of the eastern Aegean Sea.

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Diocletian

Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Diokletianós; 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305.

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Diocletianic Persecution

The Diocletianic or Great Persecution was the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

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Divine Liturgy

Divine Liturgy (Theia Leitourgia) or Holy Liturgy is the usual name used in most Eastern Christian rites for the Eucharistic service.

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Dowry

A dowry is a payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride’s family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.

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Duchy of Lorraine

The Duchy of Lorraine (Lorraine; Lothringen), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France.

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Early Christianity

Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325.

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Early modern period

The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity.

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East–West Schism

The East–West Schism, also known as the Great Schism or the Schism of 1054, is the break of communion between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches since 1054.

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Eastern Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.

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England in the Middle Ages

England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the early modern period in 1485.

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Eric Crozier

Eric Crozier OBE (14 November 19147 September 1994) was a British theatrical director, opera librettist and producer, long associated with Benjamin Britten.

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Eucharist

The Eucharist (from evcharistía), also known as Holy Communion, the Blessed Sacrament and the Lord's Supper, is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches, and as an ordinance in others.

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Eusebius

Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek Syro-Palestinian historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. Saint Nicholas and Eusebius are 4th-century Christian saints and Participant in the First Council of Nicaea.

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Eustratius of Constantinople

Eustratius or Eustratios (Εὐστράτιος; 582–602) was a hagiographer, theologian and priest of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.

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Evangelical Lutheran Church in America

The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) is a mainline Protestant Lutheran church headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.

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First Council of Nicaea

The First Council of Nicaea (Sýnodos tês Nikaías) was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.

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First Crusade

The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.

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Fisherman

A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.

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Flanders

Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium.

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Folklore

Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture.

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Forced prostitution

Forced prostitution, also known as involuntary prostitution or compulsory prostitution, is prostitution or sexual slavery that takes place as a result of coercion by a third party.

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Fourth Crusade

The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III.

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Franks

Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum;; Francs.) were a western European people during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages.

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Galway

Galway (Gaillimh) is a city in (and the county town of) County Galway.

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Gemiler Island

Gemiler Island (Gemile Adası or Gemiler Adası, Γκεμιλέρ) is an island located off the coast of Turkey near the city of Fethiye.

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Gospel Book

A Gospel Book, Evangelion, or Book of the Gospels (Greek: Εὐαγγέλιον, Evangélion), is a codex or bound volume containing one or more of the four Gospels of the Christian New Testament – normally all four – centering on the life of Jesus of Nazareth and the roots of the Christian faith.

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Government of Russia

The government of Russia (Pravitelstvo Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the federal executive body of state power of the Russian Federation.

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Greek Orthodox Church

Greek Orthodox Church (Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία, Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía) is a term that can refer to any one of three classes of Christian churches, each associated in some way with Greek Christianity, Levantine Arabic-speaking Christians or more broadly the rite used in the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world.

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Hagiography

A hagiography is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a preacher, priest, founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions.

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Halo (religious iconography)

A halo (also called a nimbus, '''aureole''', glory, or gloriole (translation) is a crown of light rays, circle or disk of light that surrounds a person in works of art. The halo occurs in the iconography of many religions to indicate holy or sacred figures, and has at various periods also been used in images of rulers and heroes.

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Harbor

A harbor (American English), or harbour (Canadian English, British English; see spelling differences), is a sheltered body of water where ships, boats, and barges can be moored.

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Hell

In religion and folklore, hell is a location or state in the afterlife in which souls are subjected to punitive suffering, most often through torture, as punishment after death.

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Hellenic Navy

The Hellenic Navy (HN; War Navy, abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Hellenic Armed Forces.

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Historiae Ecclesiasticae Tripartitae Epitome

Historiae Ecclesiasticae Tripartitae Epitome, the abridged history (in twelve books) of the early Christian Church known as the Tripartite History, was the standard manual of Church history in Medieval Europe.

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Holy Land

The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine.

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Hudson Valley

The Hudson Valley (also known as the Hudson River Valley) comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York.

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Icon

An icon is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches.

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Iconography

Iconography, as a branch of art history, studies the identification, description and interpretation of the content of images: the subjects depicted, the particular compositions and details used to do so, and other elements that are distinct from artistic style.

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Iconostasis

In Eastern Christianity, an iconostasis (εἰκονοστάσιον) is a wall of icons and religious paintings, separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church.

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Ilium (bone)

The ilium (ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.

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Intercession

Intercession or intercessory prayer is the act of praying to a deity on behalf of others, or asking a saint in heaven to pray on behalf of oneself or for others.

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Jaroslav Čermák (painter)

Jaroslav Čermák (1 August 1830 – 23 April 1878) was a Czech painter known primarily for his history paintings.

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Jerpoint Abbey

Jerpoint Abbey is a ruined Cistercian abbey, founded in the second half of the 12th century in County Kilkenny, Ireland.

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John Hunt (antiquarian)

John Durell Hunt (28 May 1900 – 19 January 1976) was a historian, antiquarian, and collector.

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Jona Lendering

Jona Lendering (born 29 October 1964) is a Dutch historian and the author of books on antiquity, Dutch history and modern management.

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Julian calendar

The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception).

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Justinian I

Justinian I (Iūstīniānus,; Ioustinianós,; 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565.

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Late Middle Ages

The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500.

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Life of Apollonius of Tyana

Life of Apollonius of Tyana (Τὰ ἐς τὸν Τυανέα Ἀπολλώνιον), also known by its Latin title Vita Apollonii, is a text in eight books written in Ancient Greece by Philostratus (c. 170 – c. 245 AD).

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Liguria

Liguria (Ligûria) is a region of north-western Italy; its capital is Genoa.

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List of early Christian saints

This is a List of 1,089 Early Christian saints— saints before 450 AD— in alphabetical order by Christian name.

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Liturgy of Preparation

The Liturgy of Preparation, also Prothesis (a setting forth) or Proskomedia (Προσκομιδή 'an offering, an oblation'), is the name given in the Eastern Orthodox Churchand those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite to the act of preparing the bread and wine for the Eucharist.

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Liverpool John Moores University

Liverpool John Moores University (abbreviated LJMU) is a public research university in the city of Liverpool, England.

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Lobby (room)

A lobby is a room in a building used for entry from the outside.

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Lorraine

Lorraine, also,,; Lorrain: Louréne; Lorraine Franconian: Lottringe; Lothringen; Loutrengen; Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Grand Est.

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Lost literary work

A lost literary work (referred throughout this article just as a lost work) is a document, literary work, or piece of multimedia, produced of which no surviving copies are known to exist, meaning it can be known only through reference.

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Low Countries

The Low Countries (de Lage Landen; les Pays-Bas), historically also known as the Netherlands (de Nederlanden), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Nederland, which is singular).

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Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church ended the Middle Ages and, in 1517, launched the Reformation.

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Lycia et Pamphylia

Lycia and Pamphylia (Lycia et Pamphylia; Lykía kaì Pamphylía) was the name of a province of the Roman empire, located in southern Anatolia.

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Lyon

Lyon (Franco-Provençal: Liyon), formerly spelled in English as Lyons, is the second largest city of France by urban area It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, northeast of Saint-Étienne.

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Manna

Manna (mān,; اَلْمَنُّ; sometimes or archaically spelled mana), according to the Bible and the Quran, is an edible substance which God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert during the 40-year period following the Exodus and prior to the conquest of Canaan.

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Medieval studies

Medieval studies is the academic interdisciplinary study of the Middle Ages.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

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Miracle

A miracle is an event that is inexplicable by natural or scientific lawsOne dictionary defines as: "A surprising and welcome event that is not explicable by natural or scientific laws and is therefore considered to be the work of a divine agency." and accordingly gets attributed to some supernatural or praeternatural cause.

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Mitre

The mitre (Commonwealth English) (Greek: μίτρα 'headband' or 'turban') or miter (American English; see spelling differences) is a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial headdress of bishops and certain abbots in traditional Christianity.

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Monaco

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea.

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Monastery of San Nicolò al Lido

San Nicolò al Lido refers to both the San Nicolò Church (Italian: Chiesa / Parrocchia di San Nicolò - San Nicoletto) and most importantly to its annexed Monastery of San Nicolò (Italian: Abbazia di San Nicolò) located in Venice, northern Italy.

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Monasticism

Monasticism, also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.

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Money bag

A money bag (or money sack) is a bag normally used to hold and transport coins and banknotes, often closed with a drawstring.

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Myra

Myra (Μύρα, Mýra) was a Lycian city, then captured by Ancient Greece and lived under their rule, then the Roman Empire and then the Ottoman in Lycia, which became the small Turkish town of Kale, renamed Demre in 2005, in the present-day Antalya Province of Turkey.

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Myrrh

Myrrh (from an unidentified ancient Semitic language, see § Etymology) is a gum-resin extracted from a few small, thorny tree species of the Commiphora genus, belonging to the Burseraceae family.

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Nancy, France

Nancy is the prefecture of the northeastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle.

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Nativity of Jesus

The nativity of Jesus, nativity of Christ, birth of Jesus or birth of Christ is documented in the biblical gospels of Luke and Matthew.

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Neopythagoreanism

Neopythagoreanism (or neo-Pythagoreanism) was a school of Hellenistic and Roman philosophy which revived Pythagorean doctrines.

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New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th-century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland.

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Nicene Creed

The Nicene Creed (Sýmvolon tis Nikéas), also called the Creed of Constantinople, is the defining statement of belief of mainstream Christianity and in those Christian denominations that adhere to it.

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Nicholas of Sion

Nicholas of Sion was a 6th-century Christian saint from Pharroa in Lycia and Abbot of the monastery of Holy Sion.

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Normans

The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia.

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Nun

A nun is a woman who vows to dedicate her life to religious service and contemplation, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery or convent.

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Octoechos (liturgy)

The book Octoechos (from the Greek: ἡ Ὀκτώηχος; from ὀκτώ 'eight' and ἦχος 'sound, mode' called echos; Осмѡгласникъ, from о́смь 'eight' and гласъ 'voice, sound') is a liturgical book containing a repertoire of hymns ordered in eight parts according to eight echoi (tones or modes).

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Omophorion

In the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic liturgical tradition, the omophorion (ὠμοφόριον, meaning " borne on the shoulders"; Slavonic: омофоръ, omofor) is the distinguishing vestment of a bishop and the symbol of his spiritual and ecclesiastical authority.

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Orderic Vitalis

Orderic Vitalis (Ordericus Vitalis; 16 February 1075 –) was an English chronicler and Benedictine monk who wrote one of the great contemporary chronicles of 11th- and 12th-century Normandy and Anglo-Norman England.

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Oriental Orthodox Churches

The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite Christology, with approximately 50 million members worldwide.

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Palestine (region)

The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.

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Pallium

The pallium (derived from the Roman pallium or palla, a woolen cloak;: pallia) is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by the Holy See upon metropolitans and primates as a symbol of their conferred jurisdictional authorities, and still remains a papal emblem.

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Patara (Lycia)

Patara (Patara, Lycian: 𐊓𐊗𐊗𐊀𐊕𐊀, Pttara; Πάταρα) was an ancient and flourishing maritime and commercial city that was for a period the capital of Lycia.

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Patron saint

A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person.

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Pawnbroker

A pawnbroker is an individual or business (pawnshop or pawn shop) that offers secured loans to people, with items of personal property used as collateral.

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Philostratus

Philostratus or Lucius Flavius Philostratus (Φιλόστρατος; 170s – 240s AD), called "the Athenian", was a Greek sophist of the Roman imperial period.

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Phrygia

In classical antiquity, Phrygia (Φρυγία, Phrygía) was a kingdom in the west-central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River.

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Pope Francis

Pope Francis (Franciscus; Francesco; Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936) is head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State.

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Pope Urban II

Pope Urban II (Urbanus II; – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death.

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Poseidon

Poseidon (Ποσειδῶν) is one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and mythology, presiding over the sea, storms, earthquakes and horses.

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Prilep

Prilep (Прилеп) is the fourth-largest city in North Macedonia.

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Priscus (saint)

Priscus is one of several Catholic saints and martyrs.

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Procopius

Procopius of Caesarea (Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς Prokópios ho Kaisareús; Procopius Caesariensis; –565) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar and historian from Caesarea Maritima.

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Pubis (bone)

In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone (os pubis) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Relic

In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past.

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Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.

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Revised Julian calendar

The Revised Julian calendar, or less formally the new calendar and also known as the Milanković calendar, is a calendar proposed in 1923 by the Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković as a more accurate alternative to both Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto

The Archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto (Archidioecesis Barensis-Bituntina) is Metropolitan Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the administrative Bari province, Puglia (Apulia) region, southeastern Italy (the 'Heel'), created in 1986, when the historical diocese of Bitonto was subsumed in the Archdiocese of Bari.

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Roman Egypt

Roman Egypt; was an imperial province of the Roman Empire from 30 BC to AD 641.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

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Royal School of Church Music

The Royal School of Church Music (RSCM) is a Christian music education organisation dedicated to the promotion of music in Christian worship, in particular the repertoire and traditions of Anglican church music, largely through publications, training courses and an award scheme.

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Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskovskiy patriarkhat), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian church.

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Sack of Constantinople

The Sack of Constantinople occurred in April 1204 and marked the culmination of the Fourth Crusade.

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Saint

In Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness, likeness, or closeness to God.

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Saint Nicholas (European folklore)

Saint Nicholas is a legendary figure in European folklore based on the Greek early Christian bishop Nicholas of Myra, patron saint of children. Saint Nicholas and saint Nicholas (European folklore) are Christmas characters.

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Saint Nicholas Day

Saint Nicholas Day, also called the Feast of Saint Nicholas, observed on 6 December (and/or its eve on 5 Dec.)) in Western Christian countries, and on 19 December in Eastern Christian countries using the old church Calendar, is the feast day of Saint Nicholas of Myra; it falls within the season of Advent.

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Saint Nicolas (Britten)

Saint Nicolas, Op.

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Saint-Nicolas-de-Port

Saint-Nicolas-de-Port is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département in north-eastern France.

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San Nicola in Carcere

San Nicola in Carcere (Italian, "St Nicholas in prison") is a titular church in Rome near the Forum Boarium in rione Sant'Angelo.

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Santa Claus

Santa Claus (also known as Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle, Santa, or Klaus) is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts during the late evening and overnight hours on Christmas Eve. Saint Nicholas and Santa Claus are Christian folklore, Christmas characters and Christmas gift-bringers.

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Satan

Satan, also known as the Devil, is an entity in Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood.

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Sea level

Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured.

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Seawater

Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean.

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Seljuk dynasty

The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (سلجوقیان Saljuqian, alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire." or the Saljuqids, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture in West Asia and Central Asia.

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Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.

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Serbian Orthodox Church

The Serbian Orthodox Church (Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches.

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Siġġiewi

Siġġiewi (Is-Siġġiewi), also called by its title Città Ferdinand, is a city and a local council in the Southern Region of Malta.

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Sign of the cross

Making the sign of the cross (signum crucis), also known as blessing oneself or crossing oneself, is a ritual blessing made by members of some branches of Christianity.

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Sinterklaas

Sinterklaas or Sint-Nicolaas is a legendary figure based on Saint Nicholas, patron saint of children. Saint Nicholas and Sinterklaas are Christian folklore, Christmas gift-bringers and Santa Claus.

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Slava (tradition)

Slava (lit) is a family's annual ceremony and veneration of their patron saint.

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St. Nicholas Church

The following cathedrals, churches and chapels are dedicated to Saint Nicholas.

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St. Nicholas Church, Demre

St.

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St. Nicholas Park

St.

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Syria Palaestina

Syria Palaestina (Syría hē Palaistínē) was a Roman province in the Palestine region between the early 2nd and late 4th centuries AD.

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Tenor

A tenor is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types.

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The Calendar of the Church Year

The Calendar of the Church Year is the liturgical calendar found in the 1979 ''Book of Common Prayer'', and in Lesser Feasts and Fasts, with additions made at recent General Conventions.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Theodosius II

Theodosius II (Θεοδόσιος; 10 April 401 – 28 July 450) was Roman emperor from 402 to 450.

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Thomastown, County Kilkenny

Thomastown, historically known as Grennan, is a town in County Kilkenny in the province of Leinster in the south-east of Ireland.

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Toy

A toy or plaything is an object that is used primarily to provide entertainment.

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Translation of the Relics of Saint Nicholas from Myra to Bari

The Translation of the Relics of Saint Nicholas from Myra to Bari is a religious and folk holiday among the East Slavs and, to a lesser extent, the South Slavs and Eastern Romance peoples.

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Trinity

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (from 'threefold') is the central doctrine concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three,, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons (hypostases) sharing one essence/substance/nature (homoousion).

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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Tyana

Tyana, earlier known as Tuwana during the Iron Age, and Tūwanuwa during the Bronze Age, was an ancient city in the Anatolian region of Cappadocia, in modern Kemerhisar, Niğde Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey.

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University of Bari

The University of Bari Aldo Moro (Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro) is a public higher education institution founded in 1925 in Bari, Apulia, in Southern Italy.

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University of Manchester

The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England.

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Veneration

Veneration (veneratio; τιμάω), or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness.

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Venice

Venice (Venezia; Venesia, formerly Venexia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

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Venice Lido

The Lido, or Venice Lido (Lido di Venezia), is an barrier island in the Venetian Lagoon, Northern Italy; it is home to about 20,400 residents.

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Ventimiglia

Ventimiglia (Ventemiglia, Vintimiggia; Vintimille; Ventemilha) is a resort town in the province of Imperia, Liguria, northern Italy.

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Vestment

Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religion, especially by Eastern Churches, Catholics (of all rites), Lutherans, and Anglicans.

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Votive offering

A votive offering or votive deposit is one or more objects displayed or deposited, without the intention of recovery or use, in a sacred place for religious purposes.

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Watten, Nord

Watten (Waten, meaning "ford" as in "river-crossing") is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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William Pantulf

William Pantulf (died 16 April probably in 1112) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and Baron of Wem.

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Zakynthos

Zakynthos (also spelled Zakinthos; Zákynthos; Zacinto) or Zante (Tzánte; from the Venetian form, traditionally Latinized as Zacynthus) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Nicholas

Also known as Miklas, Nicholas of Bari, Nicholas of Myra, Nicholas the Confessor, Nicholas the Miraclemaker, Nicholas the Wonderworker, Nicolas of Bari, Nicolas of Myra, Nikolaos of Myra, Nikolaus von Myra, S Nicola, S Nicola di Bari, S Nicola di Myra, S. Nicola, S. Nicola di Bari, S. Nicola di Myra, Saint Claps, Saint Nicholas Thaumaturgus, Saint Nicholas of Bari, Saint Nicholas of Myra, Saint Nicholas the Miracle Worker, Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, Saint Nicholaus, Saint Nicolaus, Saint Nikolaos, Saint Nikolaus, Samichlaus, San Nicola di Mira, San Nicola di Myra, San Nicola of Bari, Sankt Nikolaus, Sint Nicolaas, St Nicholas, St Nicholas of Myra, St Nicholas the Wonderworker, St Nicholaus, St Nicolas, St Nicolaus, St. Nicholas, St. Nicholas Thaumaturgos, St. Nicholas Thaumaturgus, St. Nicholas of Bari, St. Nicholas of Myra, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. Nicolas, St. Nikolaus, St. nick's, Svyatyi Mykolai, Святий клаус.

, Cupola, Cypress, Dark skin, Diocese of Asia, Diocletian, Diocletianic Persecution, Divine Liturgy, Dowry, Duchy of Lorraine, Early Christianity, Early modern period, East–West Schism, Eastern Orthodoxy, England in the Middle Ages, Eric Crozier, Eucharist, Eusebius, Eustratius of Constantinople, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, First Council of Nicaea, First Crusade, Fisherman, Flanders, Folklore, Forced prostitution, Fourth Crusade, Franks, Galway, Gemiler Island, Gospel Book, Government of Russia, Greek Orthodox Church, Greeks, Gregorian calendar, Hagiography, Halo (religious iconography), Harbor, Hell, Hellenic Navy, Historiae Ecclesiasticae Tripartitae Epitome, Holy Land, Hudson Valley, Icon, Iconography, Iconostasis, Ilium (bone), Intercession, Jaroslav Čermák (painter), Jerpoint Abbey, John Hunt (antiquarian), Jona Lendering, Julian calendar, Justinian I, Late Middle Ages, Life of Apollonius of Tyana, Liguria, List of early Christian saints, Liturgy of Preparation, Liverpool John Moores University, Lobby (room), Lorraine, Lost literary work, Low Countries, Lutheranism, Lycia et Pamphylia, Lyon, Manna, Medieval studies, Mediterranean Sea, Miracle, Mitre, Monaco, Monastery of San Nicolò al Lido, Monasticism, Money bag, Myra, Myrrh, Nancy, France, Nativity of Jesus, Neopythagoreanism, New Amsterdam, Nicene Creed, Nicholas of Sion, Normans, Nun, Octoechos (liturgy), Omophorion, Orderic Vitalis, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Palestine (region), Pallium, Patara (Lycia), Patron saint, Pawnbroker, Philostratus, Phrygia, Pope Francis, Pope Urban II, Poseidon, Prilep, Priscus (saint), Procopius, Pubis (bone), Radiocarbon dating, Relic, Republic of Venice, Revised Julian calendar, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto, Roman Egypt, Roman Empire, Royal School of Church Music, Russian Orthodox Church, Sack of Constantinople, Saint, Saint Nicholas (European folklore), Saint Nicholas Day, Saint Nicolas (Britten), Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, San Nicola in Carcere, Santa Claus, Satan, Sea level, Seawater, Seljuk dynasty, Serbia, Serbian Orthodox Church, Siġġiewi, Sign of the cross, Sinterklaas, Slava (tradition), St. Nicholas Church, St. Nicholas Church, Demre, St. Nicholas Park, Syria Palaestina, Tenor, The Calendar of the Church Year, The Washington Post, Theodosius II, Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Toy, Translation of the Relics of Saint Nicholas from Myra to Bari, Trinity, Turkey, Tyana, University of Bari, University of Manchester, University of Oxford, Veneration, Venice, Venice Lido, Ventimiglia, Vestment, Votive offering, Watten, Nord, William Pantulf, Zakynthos.

Saint Nicholas, the Glossary

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