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Sally Hemings, the Glossary

Sarah "Sally" Hemings (1773 – 1835) was a female enslaved person with one-quarter African ancestry who was enslaved by president of the United States Thomas Jefferson, one of many he inherited from his father-in-law, John Wayles.^[1]

110 relations: Abigail Adams, American Heritage (magazine), Andersonville Prison, Annette Gordon-Reed, Artisan, Bankruptcy, Barbara Chase-Riboud, Betty Hemings, C-SPAN, California State Assembly, Cambridge University Press, Catholic Church, Champs-Élysées, Charles City County, Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Chillicothe, Ohio, Christian Broadcasting Network, Colony of Virginia, Coming of age, Common-law marriage, Concubinage, Deep South, Dissenting opinion, DNA, Dotdash Meredith, Dumas Malone, Edmund Bacon (1785–1866), Edmund Morgan (historian), Emancipation, Eston Hemings, Executor, Fawn M. Brodie, Frederick Madison Roberts, Free people of color, French Revolution, Frontline (American TV program), Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, Garry Wills, Genealogical DNA test, Genetic testing, HarperCollins, Harriet Hemings, Hôtel de Langeac, Hemings family, Historic house museum, Inheritance, Isaac Jefferson, James Hemings, James T. Callender, Jefferson in Paris, ... Expand index (60 more) »
18th-century African-American women
American women slaves
Hemings family
People from Monticello
People who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson

Abigail Adams

Abigail Adams (''née'' Smith; November 22, [O.S. November 11] 1744 – October 28, 1818) was the wife and closest advisor of John Adams, the second president of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States.

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American Heritage (magazine)

American Heritage is a magazine dedicated to covering the history of the United States for a mainstream readership.

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Andersonville Prison

The Andersonville National Historic Site, located near Andersonville, Georgia, preserves the former Andersonville Prison (also known as Camp Sumter), a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp during the final fourteen months of the American Civil War.

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Annette Gordon-Reed

Annette Gordon-Reed (born November 19, 1958) is an American historian and law professor.

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Artisan

An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand.

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Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts.

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Barbara Chase-Riboud

Barbara Chase-Riboud (born June 26, 1939) is an American visual artist and sculptor, novelist, and poet.

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Betty Hemings

Elizabeth Hemings (1735 – 1807) was a female slave of mixed-ethnicity in colonial Virginia. Sally Hemings and Betty Hemings are 18th-century African-American people, 18th-century African-American women, 18th-century American slaves, 19th-century African-American people, 19th-century African-American women, Hemings family, people from Monticello and people who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson.

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C-SPAN

Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN) is an American cable and satellite television network, created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a nonprofit public service.

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California State Assembly

The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature, the upper house being the California State Senate.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Champs-Élysées

The Avenue des Champs-Élysées is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France, long and wide, running between the Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is located.

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Charles City County, Virginia

Charles City County is a county located in the U.S. commonwealth of Virginia.

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Charlottesville, Virginia

Charlottesville, colloquially known as C'ville, is an independent city in Virginia, United States.

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Chillicothe, Ohio

Chillicothe is a city in and the county seat of Ross County, Ohio, United States.

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Christian Broadcasting Network

The Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) is an American Christian media production and distribution organization.

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Colony of Virginia

The Colony of Virginia was a British, colonial settlement in North America between 1606 and 1776.

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Coming of age

Coming of age is a young person's transition from being a child to being an adult.

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Common-law marriage

Common-law marriage, also known as non-ceremonial marriage, marriage, informal marriage, de facto marriage, or marriage by habit and repute, is a marriage that results from the parties' agreement to consider themselves married and subsequent cohabitation, rather than through a statutorily defined process.

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Concubinage

Concubinage is an interpersonal and sexual relationship between two people in which the couple does not want to, or cannot, enter into a full marriage.

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Deep South

The Deep South or the Lower South is a cultural and geographic subregion of the Southern United States.

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Dissenting opinion

A dissenting opinion (or dissent) is an opinion in a legal case in certain legal systems written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court which gives rise to its judgment.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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Dotdash Meredith

Dotdash Meredith (formerly The Mining Company, About.com and Dotdash) is an American digital media company based in New York City.

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Dumas Malone

Dumas Malone (January 10, 1892 – December 27, 1986) was an American historian, minister, and biographer.

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Edmund Bacon (1785–1866)

Edmund Bacon (1785–1866), was the business manager and primary overseer for 20 years for Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, at Monticello. Sally Hemings and Edmund Bacon (1785–1866) are people from Monticello.

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Edmund Morgan (historian)

Edmund Sears Morgan (January 17, 1916 – July 8, 2013) was an American historian and an authority on early American history.

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Emancipation

Emancipation has many meanings; in political terms, it often means to free a person from a previous restraint or legal disability that violates basic human rights, such as Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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Eston Hemings

Eston Hemings Jefferson (May 21, 1808 – January 3, 1856) was born into slavery at Monticello, the youngest son of Sally Hemings, a mixed-race female slave. Sally Hemings and Eston Hemings are Hemings family, people from Monticello and people who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson.

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Executor

An executor is someone who is responsible for executing, or following through on, an assigned task or duty.

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Fawn M. Brodie

Fawn McKay Brodie (September 15, 1915 – January 10, 1981) was an American biographer and one of the first female professors of history at UCLA, who is best known for Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History (1974), a work of psychobiography, and No Man Knows My History (1945), an early biography of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.

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Frederick Madison Roberts

Frederick Madison Roberts (September 14, 1879 – July 19, 1952) was an American newspaper owner and editor, educator and business owner; he became a politician, the first known man of African American descent elected to the California State Assembly. Sally Hemings and Frederick Madison Roberts are Hemings family.

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Free people of color

In the context of the history of slavery in the Americas, free people of color (French: gens de couleur libres; Spanish: gente de color libre) were primarily people of mixed African, European, and Native American descent who were not enslaved.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

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Frontline (American TV program)

Frontline (stylized in all capital letters) is an investigative documentary program distributed by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the United States.

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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

The Fugitive Slave Act or Fugitive Slave Law was a law passed by the 31st United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern interests in slavery and Northern Free-Soilers.

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Garry Wills

Garry Wills (born May 22, 1934) is an American author, journalist, political philosopher, and historian, specializing in American history, politics, and religion, especially the history of the Catholic Church.

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Genealogical DNA test

A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based genetic test used in genetic genealogy that looks at specific locations of a person's genome in order to find or verify ancestral genealogical relationships, or (with lower reliability) to estimate the ethnic mixture of an individual.

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Genetic testing

Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure.

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HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.

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Harriet Hemings

Harriet Hemings (May 1801 – after 1822) was born into slavery at Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, in the first year of his presidency. Sally Hemings and Harriet Hemings are 19th-century African-American people, 19th-century African-American women, Hemings family, people from Monticello and people who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson.

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Hôtel de Langeac

The Hôtel de Langeac was a residence in Paris, France, located at 92, Avenue des Champs-Élysées, the corner of the Champs-Élysées and the rue de Berri.

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Hemings family

The Hemings family lived in Virginia in the 1700s and 1800s. Sally Hemings and Hemings family are people from Monticello and people who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson.

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Historic house museum

A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum.

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Inheritance

Inheritance is the practice of receiving private property, titles, debts, entitlements, privileges, rights, and obligations upon the death of an individual.

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Isaac Jefferson

Isaac Jefferson, also likely known as Isaac Granger (c. 1775 – 1846), Plantation & Slavery/ African-American Family Histories, Monticello Website, accessed 28 February 2011 was an enslaved artisan of US President Thomas Jefferson who crafted and repaired products as a tinsmith, blacksmith, and nailer at Monticello. Sally Hemings and Isaac Jefferson are 1770s births, 18th-century American slaves, people from Monticello and people who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson.

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James Hemings

James Hemings (c. 17651801) was the first American to train as a chef in France. Sally Hemings and James Hemings are 18th-century African-American people, 18th-century American slaves, Hemings family and people who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson.

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James T. Callender

James Thomson Callender (1758 – July 17, 1803) was a political pamphleteer and journalist whose writing was controversial in his native Scotland and later, also in the United States.

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Jefferson in Paris

Jefferson in Paris is a 1995 historical drama film, directed by James Ivory, and previously entitled Head and Heart.

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Jefferson–Hemings controversy

The Jefferson–Hemings controversy is a historical debate over whether there was a sexual relationship between the widowed U.S. President Thomas Jefferson and his slave and sister-in-law, Sally Hemings, and whether he fathered some or all of her six recorded children.

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John Adams

John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801.

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John Wayles

John Wayles (January 31, 1715 – May 28, 1773) was a colonial American planter, slave trader and lawyer in colonial Virginia. Sally Hemings and John Wayles are Hemings family.

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John Wayles Jefferson

John Wayles Jefferson (born John Wayles Hemings; May 8, 1835June 12, 1892), was an American businessman and Union Army officer in the American Civil War. Sally Hemings and John Wayles Jefferson are Hemings family.

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Kimberly Brubaker Bradley

Kimberly Brubaker Bradley (born June 24, 1967) is an American children's and young adult book author.

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Lancaster, Lancashire

Lancaster is a city in Lancashire, England, and the main cultural hub, economic and commercial centre of City of Lancaster district.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to France

The United States ambassador to France is the official representative of the president of the United States to the president of France.

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List of slaves

Slavery is a social-economic system under which people are enslaved: deprived of personal freedom and forced to perform labor or services without compensation.

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the most populous city in the U.S. state of California.

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Madison Hemings

Madison Hemings (January 19, 1805 – November 28, 1877) was the son of Sally Hemings and, most likely, Thomas Jefferson. Sally Hemings and Madison Hemings are Hemings family, people from Monticello and people who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson.

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Madison, Wisconsin

Madison is the capital city of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County.

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Manumission

Manumission, or enfranchisement, is the act of freeing slaves by their owners.

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Martha Jefferson

Martha Skelton Jefferson (''née'' Wayles; October 30, 1748 – September 6, 1782) was the wife of Thomas Jefferson from 1772 until her death. Sally Hemings and Martha Jefferson are people from Monticello.

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Martha Jefferson Randolph

Martha "Patsy" Randolph (''née'' Jefferson; September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836) was the eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, and his wife, Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. Sally Hemings and Martha Jefferson Randolph are people from Monticello.

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Mary Jefferson Eppes

Mary Jefferson Eppes (August 1, 1778 – April 17, 1804), known as Polly in childhood and Maria as an adult, was the younger of Thomas Jefferson's two daughters with his wife who survived beyond the age of 3. Sally Hemings and Mary Jefferson Eppes are people from Monticello.

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Memphis, Tennessee

Memphis is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

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Meridian, Mississippi

Meridian is the eighth most populous city in the U.S. state of Mississippi, with a population of 35,052 at the 2020 census.

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Monticello

Monticello was the primary plantation of Thomas Jefferson, a Founding Father, author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third president of the United States, who began designing Monticello after inheriting land from his father at age 14.

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Mulatto

Mulatto is a racial classification that refers to people of mixed African and European ancestry.

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Multiracial people

The terms multiracial people or mixed-race people refer to people who are of more than two ''races'', and the terms multi-ethnic people or ethnically mixed people refer to people who are of more than two ethnicities.

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Nathan Huggins

Nathan Irvin Huggins (January 14, 1927 – December 5, 1989) was a distinguished American historian, author and educator.

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National Genealogical Society

The National Genealogical Society (NGS) is a genealogical interest group founded in 1903 in Washington, D.C., United States, with over 10,000 members.

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National Museum of American History

The National Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring Center is a historical museum in Washington, D.C. It collects, preserves, and displays the heritage of the United States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific, and military history.

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NBC News

NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.

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NPR

National Public Radio (NPR, stylized as npr) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California.

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Oberlin College

Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Oberlin, Ohio, United States.

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Ohio

Ohio is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

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Partus sequitur ventrem

Partus sequitur ventrem (also partus) was a legal doctrine passed in colonial Virginia in 1662 and other English crown colonies in the Americas which defined the legal status of children born there; the doctrine mandated that children of enslaved mothers would inherit the legal status of their mothers.

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Passing (racial identity)

Racial passing occurs when a person who is classified as a member of a racial group is accepted or perceived ("passes") as a member of another racial group.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

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PDF

Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

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Pentemont Abbey

Pentemont Abbey (Abbaye de Penthemont, Pentemont, Panthemont or Pantemont) is a set of 18th and 19th-century buildings at the corner of Rue de Grenelle and Rue de Bellechasse in the 7th arrondissement of Paris.

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Peter Carr (Virginia politician)

Peter Carr (January 2, 1770 – February 17, 1815) was an American educator and politician who served several terms in the Virginia House of Delegates.

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Quadroon

In the colonial societies of the Americas and Australia, a quadroon or quarteron (in the United Kingdom, the term quarter-caste is used) was a person with one-quarter African/Aboriginal and three-quarters European ancestry.

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Randolph Jefferson

Randolph Jefferson (October 1, 1755 – August 7, 1815) was the younger brother of Thomas Jefferson, the only male sibling to survive infancy.

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Richard B. Bernstein

Richard B. Bernstein (May 24, 1956 – June 26, 2023) was an American constitutional historian, a distinguished adjunct professor of law at New York Law School, and lecturer in law and political science (after three years, 2011–2014, as adjunct professor of political science and history) at the City College of New York's Skadden, Arps Honors Program in Legal Studies in its Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership.

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Scullery maid

In great houses, scullery maids were the lowest-ranked and often the youngest of the female domestic servants and acted as assistants to a kitchen maid.

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Shadow family

A shadow family was an unacknowledged child or children created by a white male slave owner with a female black slave.

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Siege of Vicksburg

The Siege of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War.

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Slave catcher

A slave catcher is a person employed to track down and return escaped slaves to their enslavers.

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Slavery in the United States

The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the South.

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Smithsonian Institution

The Smithsonian Institution, or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge." Founded on August 10, 1846, it operates as a trust instrumentality and is not formally a part of any of the three branches of the federal government.

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The Da Vinci Code

The Da Vinci Code is a 2003 mystery thriller novel by Dan Brown.

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The Hemingses of Monticello

The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family is a 2008 book by American historian Annette Gordon-Reed. Sally Hemings and The Hemingses of Monticello are Hemings family.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, planter, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson are people from Monticello.

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Thomas Jefferson and slavery

Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, owned more than 600 slaves during his adult life.

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Thomas Jefferson Foundation

The Thomas Jefferson Foundation, originally known as the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, is a private, nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation founded in 1923 to purchase and maintain Monticello, the primary plantation of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States.

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Thomas Jefferson Randolph

Thomas Jefferson Randolph (September 12, 1792 – October 7, 1875) of Albemarle County was a Virginia planter, soldier and politician who served multiple terms in the Virginia House of Delegates, as rector of the University of Virginia, and as a colonel in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson Randolph are people from Monticello.

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Union (American Civil War)

The Union, colloquially known as the North, refers to the states that remained loyal to the United States after eleven Southern slave states seceded to form the Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederacy or South, during the American Civil War.

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United States Colored Troops

United States Colored Troops (USCT) were Union Army regiments during the American Civil War that primarily comprised African Americans, with soldiers from other ethnic groups also serving in USCT units.

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University of North Carolina Press

The University of North Carolina Press (or UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a not-for-profit university press associated with the University of North Carolina.

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Violin

The violin, colloquially known as a fiddle, is a wooden chordophone, and is the smallest, and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in regular use in the violin family.

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Virginia Humanities

Virginia Humanities (VH), formerly the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, is a humanities council whose stated mission is to develop the civic, cultural, and intellectual life of the Commonwealth of Virginia by creating learning opportunities for all Virginians.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Hemings

Also known as Beverly Hemmings, Sally Heming, Sally Hemmings, Sarah Hemings, The Sally Hemings.

, Jefferson–Hemings controversy, John Adams, John Wayles, John Wayles Jefferson, Kimberly Brubaker Bradley, Lancaster, Lancashire, List of ambassadors of the United States to France, List of slaves, Los Angeles, Madison Hemings, Madison, Wisconsin, Manumission, Martha Jefferson, Martha Jefferson Randolph, Mary Jefferson Eppes, Memphis, Tennessee, Meridian, Mississippi, Monticello, Mulatto, Multiracial people, Nathan Huggins, National Genealogical Society, National Museum of American History, NBC News, NPR, Oberlin College, Ohio, Paris, Partus sequitur ventrem, Passing (racial identity), PBS, PDF, Pentemont Abbey, Peter Carr (Virginia politician), Quadroon, Randolph Jefferson, Richard B. Bernstein, Scullery maid, Shadow family, Siege of Vicksburg, Slave catcher, Slavery in the United States, Smithsonian Institution, The Da Vinci Code, The Hemingses of Monticello, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson and slavery, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, Union (American Civil War), United States Colored Troops, University of North Carolina Press, Violin, Virginia Humanities, Virginius Dabney, WGBH-TV, Will and testament, 1870 United States census.

Sally Hemings, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

18th-century African-American women

American women slaves

Hemings family

People from Monticello

People who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson

References