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Sam Lesser, the Glossary

Sam Lesser (born Manassah Lesser or Manasseh Lesser and also known as Sam Russell; 19 March 1915 – 2 October 2010) was a British journalist and veteran of the Spanish Civil War's International Brigades.^[1]

161 relations: Adolf Hitler, Albacete, Andújar, Animal Farm, Anti-fascism, Aragon, Archaeological excavation, Asturias, Avro Lancaster, Barcelona, Battalion, Battle of Jarama, Battle of the Ebro, BBC News, Belgium, Benito Mussolini, Bernard Crick, Bernard Knox, Blairism, Bolsheviks, Bomber, British Army, British Battalion, British National Party, British Union of Fascists, Brussels, Budapest, Buenaventura Durruti, Byline, Cambridge Five, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Casa de Campo, Central Intelligence Agency, Che Guevara, Chile, Clause IV, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Communist Party of Great Britain, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Company (military unit), Cortes Generales, Cuba, Cuban Missile Crisis, D. Napier & Son, Democratic Left (Great Britain), Don Quixote, Donald Maclean (spy), Dover Castle, Durruti Column, Egypt, ... Expand index (111 more) »
British communist poets
English political journalists
Foreign volunteers in the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
War correspondents of the Spanish Civil War
War poets

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See Sam Lesser and Adolf Hitler

Albacete

Albacete (also) is a city and municipality in the Spanish autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, and capital of the province of Albacete.

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Andújar

Andújar is a Spanish municipality of 38,539 people (2005) in the province of Jaén, in Andalusia.

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Animal Farm

Animal Farm is a satirical allegorical novella, in the form of a beast fable, by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.

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Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.

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Aragon

Aragon (Spanish and Aragón; Aragó) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.

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Archaeological excavation

In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains.

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Asturias

Asturias (Asturies) officially the Principality of Asturias, (Principado de Asturias; Principáu d'Asturies; Galician–Asturian: Principao d'Asturias) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain.

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Avro Lancaster

The Avro Lancaster is a British Second World War heavy bomber.

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Barcelona

Barcelona is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain.

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Battalion

A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of up to one thousand soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel and subdivided into a number of companies, each typically commanded by a major or a captain.

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Battle of Jarama

The Battle of Jarama (6–27 February 1937) was an attempt by General Francisco Franco's Nationalists to dislodge the Republican lines along the river Jarama, just east of Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War.

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Battle of the Ebro

The Battle of the Ebro (Batalla del Ebro, Batalla de l'Ebre) was the longest and largest battle of the Spanish Civil War and the greatest, in terms of manpower, logistics and material ever fought on Spanish soil.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF).

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Bernard Crick

Sir Bernard Rowland Crick (16 December 1929 – 19 December 2008) was a British political theorist and democratic socialist whose views can be summarised as "politics is ethics done in public".

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Bernard Knox

Bernard MacGregor Walker Knox (November 24, 1914 – July 22, 2010Wolfgang Saxon,, The New York Times, August 16, 2010.) was an English classicist, author, and critic who became an American citizen. Sam Lesser and Bernard Knox are British people of the Spanish Civil War and international Brigades personnel.

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Blairism

In British politics, Blairism is the social democratic political ideology of Tony Blair, the former leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister between 1997 and 2007, and those that support him, known as Blairites.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Bomber

A bomber is a military combat aircraft that utilizes air-to-ground weaponry to drop bombs, launch torpedoes, or deploy air-launched cruise missiles.

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force.

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British Battalion

The British Battalion (1936–1938; officially the Saklatvala Battalion) was the 16th battalion of the XV International Brigade, one of the mixed brigades of the International Brigades, during the Spanish Civil War.

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British National Party

The British National Party (BNP) is a far-right, British fascist political party in the United Kingdom.

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British Union of Fascists

The British Union of Fascists (BUF) was a British fascist political party formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

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Buenaventura Durruti

José Buenaventura Durruti Dumange (14 July 1896 – 20 November 1936) was a Spanish insurrectionary, anarcho-syndicalist militant involved with the CNT and the FAI in the periods before and during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939.

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The byline (or by-line in British English) on a newspaper or magazine article gives the name of the writer of the article.

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Cambridge Five

The Cambridge Five was a ring of spies in the United Kingdom that passed information to the Soviet Union during the Second World War and the Cold War and was active from the 1930s until at least the early 1950s.

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Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) is an organisation that advocates unilateral nuclear disarmament by the United Kingdom, international nuclear disarmament and tighter international arms regulation through agreements such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

See Sam Lesser and Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

Casa de Campo

The Casa de Campo (for Spanish: Country House) is the largest public park in Madrid.

See Sam Lesser and Casa de Campo

Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Che Guevara

Ernesto "Che" Guevara (14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on was 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted by Jon Lee Anderson), asserts that he was actually born on 14 May of that year. Constenla alleges that she was told by Che's mother, Celia de la Serna, that she was already pregnant when she and Ernesto Guevara Lynch were married and that the date on the birth certificate of their son was forged to make it appear that he was born a month later than the actual date to avoid scandal.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.

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Clause IV

Clause IV is part of the Labor Party Rule Book which sets out the aims and values of the British Labour Party.

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Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ) was a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992.

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Communist Party of Great Britain

The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was the largest communist organisation in Britain and was founded in 1920 through a merger of several smaller Marxist groups.

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Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), at some points known as the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

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Company (military unit)

A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 100–250 soldiers and usually commanded by a major or a captain.

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Cortes Generales

The (lit) are the bicameral legislative chambers of Spain, consisting of the Congress of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house).

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba.

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D. Napier & Son

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Democratic Left (Great Britain)

Democratic Left was a post-communist political organisation in the United Kingdom during the 1990s, growing out of the Eurocommunist strand within the Communist Party of Great Britain and its magazine Marxism Today (which closed around the same time).

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Don Quixote

Don Quixote is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes.

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Donald Maclean (spy)

Donald Duart Maclean (25 May 1913 – 6 March 1983) was a British diplomat and Soviet double agent who participated in the Cambridge Five spy ring. Sam Lesser and Donald Maclean (spy) are communist Party of Great Britain members and English communists.

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Dover Castle

Dover Castle is a medieval castle in Dover, Kent, England and is Grade I listed.

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Durruti Column

The Durruti Column (Spanish: Columna Durruti), with about 6,000 people, was the largest anarchist column (or military unit) formed during the Spanish Civil War.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Egyptology

Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; علمالمصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt.

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Eurocommunism

Eurocommunism was a trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties, which said they had developed a theory and practice of social transformation more relevant for Western Europe.

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Fascism in Europe

Fascist movements in Europe were the set of various fascist ideologies which were practiced by governments and political organizations in Europe during the 20th century.

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Figueres

Figueres (Figueras) is the capital city of Alt Empordà county, in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain.

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Flinders Petrie

Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie (–), commonly known as simply Sir Flinders Petrie, was a British Egyptologist and a pioneer of systematic methodology in archaeology and the preservation of artefacts.

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For the Fallen

"For the Fallen" is a poem written by Laurence Binyon.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo.

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Fraternization

Fraternization (from Latin frater meaning "brother") is the act of establishing intimate relations between people or groups.

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Gare de Lyon

The Gare de Lyon, officially Paris Gare de Lyon, is one of the seven large mainline railway stations in Paris, France.

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George Green's School

George Green's School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form, located in Cubitt Town on the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, England.

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George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950) was a British novelist, poet, essayist, journalist, and critic who wrote under the pen name of George Orwell, a name inspired by his favourite place River Orwell. Sam Lesser and George Orwell are 20th-century English poets, British people of the Spanish Civil War, English anti-fascists, English reporters and correspondents, foreign volunteers in the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) and international Brigades personnel.

See Sam Lesser and George Orwell

German occupation of the Channel Islands

The military occupation of the Channel Islands by Nazi Germany lasted for most of the Second World War, from 30 June 1940 until liberation on 9 May 1945.

See Sam Lesser and German occupation of the Channel Islands

Guy Burgess

Guy Francis de Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 – 30 August 1963) was a British diplomat and Soviet double agent, and a member of the Cambridge Five spy ring that operated from the mid-1930s to the early years of the Cold War era. Sam Lesser and Guy Burgess are English communists.

See Sam Lesser and Guy Burgess

Hackney, London

Hackney is a district in East London, England, forming around two-thirds of the area of the modern London Borough of Hackney, to which it gives its name.

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HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.

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Harry Pollitt

Harry Pollitt (22 November 1890 – 27 June 1960) was a British communist who served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) from July 1929 to September 1939 and again from 1941 until his death in 1960. Sam Lesser and Harry Pollitt are communist Party of Great Britain members and English communists.

See Sam Lesser and Harry Pollitt

Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 4 November 1956; 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was an attempted countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the Soviet Union (USSR).

See Sam Lesser and Hungarian Revolution of 1956

Independent Labour Party

The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates.

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International Brigade Memorial Trust

The International Brigade Memorial Trust is a British educational trust formed by the veterans of the International Brigade Association, the Friends of the IBA, representatives of the Marx Memorial Library, and historians specialising in the Spanish Civil War.

See Sam Lesser and International Brigade Memorial Trust

International Brigades

The International Brigades (Brigadas Internacionales) were soldiers set up by the Communist International to assist the Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. Sam Lesser and International Brigades are foreign volunteers in the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction).

See Sam Lesser and International Brigades

Jack Jones (trade unionist)

James Larkin Jones (29 March 1913 – 21 April 2009), known as Jack Jones, was a British trade union leader and General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers' Union. Sam Lesser and Jack Jones (trade unionist) are British people of the Spanish Civil War and international Brigades personnel.

See Sam Lesser and Jack Jones (trade unionist)

János Kádár

János József Kádár (26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989), born János József Czermanik, was a Hungarian Communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, a position he held for 32 years.

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Jersey

Jersey (label), officially known as the Bailiwick of Jersey, is an island country and self-governing British Crown Dependency near the coast of north-west France.

See Sam Lesser and Jersey

Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War

Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War refers to Jews who joined International Brigades and fought in the Spanish Civil War, which erupted on July 17, 1936, and ended on April 1, 1939. Sam Lesser and Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War are foreign volunteers in the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction).

See Sam Lesser and Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War

Jock Cunningham

Joseph Wallace "Jock" Cunningham (20 December 1902 – 22 February 1969) was a British volunteer in the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. Sam Lesser and Jock Cunningham are British people of the Spanish Civil War and international Brigades personnel.

See Sam Lesser and Jock Cunningham

John Cornford

Rupert John Cornford (27 December 1915 – 28 December 1936) was an English poet and communist. Sam Lesser and John Cornford are 20th-century English poets, British communist poets, British people of the Spanish Civil War, communist Party of Great Britain members, English anti-fascists and English communists.

See Sam Lesser and John Cornford

John Sommerfield

John Sommerfield (25 June 1908 – 13 August 1991) was a British writer and left-wing activist known for his influential novel May Day, which fictionalised a Communist upheaval in 1930s London. Sam Lesser and John Sommerfield are British people of the Spanish Civil War, English communists and international Brigades personnel.

See Sam Lesser and John Sommerfield

José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero

José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (born 4 August 1960) is a Spanish politician and member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

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Jubilee Gardens, Lambeth

Jubilee Gardens is a public park on the South Bank in the London Borough of Lambeth.

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Julián Grimau

Julián Grimau García (18 February 1911 – 20 April 1963) was a Spanish politician, member of the Communist Party of Spain, executed during Francisco Franco's Francoist State.

See Sam Lesser and Julián Grimau

Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

See Sam Lesser and Labour Party (UK)

Lambeth

Lambeth is a district in South London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth.

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Laurence Binyon

Robert Laurence Binyon, CH (10 August 1869 – 10 March 1943) was an English poet, dramatist and art scholar. Sam Lesser and Laurence Binyon are 20th-century English poets.

See Sam Lesser and Laurence Binyon

Linares, Jaén

Linares is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Jaén, Andalusia.

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Llangenny

Llangenny (Llangenau) is a village in the Brecon Beacons National Park, Powys, Wales.

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Lopera

Lopera is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain.

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Lou Kenton

Lou Kenton (1 September 1908 – 17 September 2012) was an English proofreader who served as a medical courier and ambulance driver with the International Brigade and was its oldest surviving member at the time of his death. Sam Lesser and Lou Kenton are British people of the Spanish Civil War, communist Party of Great Britain members, English communists and international Brigades personnel.

See Sam Lesser and Lou Kenton

Madrid

Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.

See Sam Lesser and Madrid

Mallorca

Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island of the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain, and the seventh largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Marx Memorial Library

The Marx Memorial Library in London, United Kingdom is a library, archive, educational, and community outreach charity focused on Marxist and wider socialist bodies of work.

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Max Arthur

Max Arthur OBE (25 February 1939 – 2 May 2019) was a military historian, author and actor who specialised in first-hand recollections of the twentieth century.

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May Days

The May Days, sometimes also called May Events, refer to a series of clashes between 3 and 8 May 1937 during which factions on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War engaged one another in street battles in various parts of Catalonia, centered on the city of Barcelona.

See Sam Lesser and May Days

Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 NS) was an Early Modern Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.

See Sam Lesser and Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

Montjuïc

Montjuïc is a hill in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

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Morning Star (British newspaper)

The Morning Star is a left-wing British daily newspaper with a focus on social, political and trade union issues.

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National Union of Journalists

The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) is a trade union for journalists in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

See Sam Lesser and Netherlands

Newsroom

A newsroom is the central place where journalists—reporters, editors, and producers, associate producers, news anchors, news designers, photojournalists, videojournalists, associate editor, residence editor, visual text editor, Desk Head, stringers along with other staffers—work to gather news to be published in a newspaper, an online newspaper or magazine, or broadcast on radio, television, or cable.

See Sam Lesser and Newsroom

Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.

See Sam Lesser and Nigeria

Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier) from 1958 to 1964.

See Sam Lesser and Nikita Khrushchev

Non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War

During the Spanish Civil War, several countries followed a principle of non-intervention to avoid any potential escalation or possible expansion of the war to other states.

See Sam Lesser and Non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War

North Vietnam

North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa; chữ Nôm: 越南民主共和), was a socialist state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1945 to 1976, with formal sovereignty being fully recognized in 1954.

See Sam Lesser and North Vietnam

Officers' Training Corps

The Officers' Training Corps (OTC), more fully called the University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC), are military leadership training units operated by the British Army.

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On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences

On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences («О культе личности и его последствиях», «O kul'te lichnosti i yego posledstviyakh»), popularly known as the Secret Speech (секретный доклад Хрущёва), was a report by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, made to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 25 February 1956.

See Sam Lesser and On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences

Orthodox Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism.

See Sam Lesser and Orthodox Judaism

Penguin Books

Penguin Books Limited is a British publishing house.

See Sam Lesser and Penguin Books

Perpignan

Perpignan (Perpinyà,; Perpinhan) is the prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in Southern France, in the heart of the plain of Roussillon, at the foot of the Pyrenees a few kilometres from the Mediterranean Sea and the scrublands of the Corbières massif.

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Peter Fryer

Peter Fryer (18 February 1927 – 31 October 2006), Spartacus Educational. Sam Lesser and Peter Fryer are communist Party of Great Britain members.

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Physical examination

In a physical examination, medical examination, clinical examination, or medical checkup, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a medical condition.

See Sam Lesser and Physical examination

Polish people

Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.

See Sam Lesser and Polish people

Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.

See Sam Lesser and Portuguese language

Post-communism

Post-communism is the period of political and economic transformation or transition in post-Soviet states and other formerly communist states located in Central-Eastern Europe and parts of Latin America, Africa, and Asia, in which new governments aimed to create free market-oriented capitalist economies.

See Sam Lesser and Post-communism

POUM

The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM; Partit Obrer d'Unificació Marxista, POUM) was a Spanish communist party formed during the Second Republic and mainly active around the Spanish Civil War.

See Sam Lesser and POUM

Prague

Prague (Praha) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia.

See Sam Lesser and Prague

Pyrenees

The Pyrenees are a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain.

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Quakers

Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations.

See Sam Lesser and Quakers

Raised fist

The raised fist, or the clenched fist, is a long-standing image of mixed meaning, often a symbol of solidarity, especially with a political movement.

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Ralph Winston Fox

Ralph Winston Fox (30 March 1900 – 28 December 1936) was a British revolutionary, journalist, novelist, and historian, best remembered as a biographer of Lenin and Genghis Khan. Sam Lesser and Ralph Winston Fox are British people of the Spanish Civil War, communist Party of Great Britain members, English anti-fascists and English communists.

See Sam Lesser and Ralph Winston Fox

Rearguard

A rearguard or rear security is a part of a military force that protects it from attack from the rear, either during an advance or withdrawal.

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Republicanism

Republicanism is a Western political ideology that encompasses a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others.

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Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

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Richard Baxell

Richard Baxell is a British historian and the author of three books on the Spanish Civil War.

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Rip Van Winkle

"Rip Van Winkle" is a short story by the American author Washington Irving, first published in 1819.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.

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Royal Scots

The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment), once known as the Royal Regiment of Foot, was the oldest and most senior infantry regiment of the line of the British Army, having been raised in 1633 during the reign of Charles I. The regiment existed continuously until 2006, when it amalgamated with the King's Own Scottish Borderers to become the Royal Scots Borderers, which merged with the Royal Highland Fusiliers (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment), the Black Watch, the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons) and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to form the Royal Regiment of Scotland.

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Rudolf Slánský

Rudolf Slánský (31 July 1901 – 3 December 1952) was a leading Czech Communist politician.

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Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic, commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic, was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

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Shortwave radio

Shortwave radio is radio transmission using radio frequencies in the shortwave bands (SW).

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Show trial

A show trial is a public trial in which the guilt or innocence of the defendant has already been determined.

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Shrapnel shell

Shrapnel shells were anti-personnel artillery munitions which carried many individual bullets close to a target area and then ejected them to allow them to continue along the shell's trajectory and strike targets individually.

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Socialist Worker is the name of several newspapers currently or formerly associated with the International Socialist Tendency (IST).

See Sam Lesser and Socialist Worker

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.

See Sam Lesser and Spanish Civil War

Spanish nationality law

The Spanish nationality legal framework refers to all the laws, provisions, regulations, and resolutions in Spain concerning nationality.

See Sam Lesser and Spanish nationality law

Spanish passport

A Spanish passport (pasaporte español) is an identity document issued to Spanish citizens with right of abode in the Iberian mainland, Ceuta, Melilla, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, for the purpose of travel outside Spain.

See Sam Lesser and Spanish passport

Spanish Republican government in exile

The Government of the Spanish Republic in exile (Gobierno de la República Española en el exilio) was a continuation, in exile, of the government of the Second Spanish Republic following the victory of Francisco Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War.

See Sam Lesser and Spanish Republican government in exile

The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources.

See Sam Lesser and Spanish Socialist Workers' Party

State ownership

State ownership, also called public ownership or government ownership, is the ownership of an industry, asset, property, or enterprise by the national government of a country or state, or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or private party.

See Sam Lesser and State ownership

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Lesser

Also known as Sam Lessor.

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Sam Lesser, the Glossary

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