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Satellite laser ranging, the Glossary

In satellite laser ranging (SLR) a global network of observation stations measures the round trip time of flight of ultrashort pulses of light to satellites equipped with retroreflectors.^[1]

52 relations: Ajisai, Apollo program, BeiDou, BLITS, CHAMP (satellite), DORIS (satellite system), Earth orientation parameters, Etalon (satellite), Explorer 27, Explorer 29, Explorer 36, Explorers Program, Frame-dragging, Galileo (satellite navigation), General relativity, Geodesy, Geoid, GEOS-3, Global Positioning System, GLONASS, GRACE and GRACE-FO, Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System, LAGEOS, LARES (satellite), Laser communication in space, Lidar, Light, Lunar Laser Ranging experiments, Lunokhod programme, Moon, NASA, Orbit determination, Physical geodesy, Plate tectonics, Post-glacial rebound, Public domain, Retroreflector, SARAL, Satellite, Satellite bus, Satellite geodesy, Satellite navigation, Sentinel-3, Space geodesy, Starlette and Stella, STARSHINE (satellite), STS-108, STS-52, STS-96, ... Expand index (2 more) »
Laser ranging satellites

Ajisai

Ajisai (Japanese: あじさい, meaning "Hydrangea") is a Japanese satellite sponsored by NASDA, launched in 1986 on the maiden flight of the H-I rocket. Satellite laser ranging and Ajisai are laser ranging satellites.

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Apollo program

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first men on the Moon from 1968 to 1972.

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BeiDou

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned and operated by the China National Space Administration.

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BLITS

BLITS (Ball Lens In The Space) is a Russian satellite launched on September 17, 2009, as a secondary payload on a Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Satellite laser ranging and BLITS are laser ranging satellites.

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CHAMP (satellite)

Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) was a German satellite launched July 15, 2000 from Plesetsk, Russia and was used for atmospheric and ionospheric research, as well as other geoscientific applications, such as GPS radio occultation, gravity field determination, and studying the Earth's magnetic field. Satellite laser ranging and CHAMP (satellite) are laser ranging satellites.

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DORIS (satellite system)

DORIS is a French satellite system used for the determination of satellite orbits (e.g. TOPEX/Poseidon) and for positioning.

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Earth orientation parameters

In geodesy and astrometry, earth orientation parameters (EOP) describe irregularities in the rotation of planet Earth.

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Etalon (satellite)

Etalon-1 and Etalon-2 are geodetic satellites. Satellite laser ranging and Etalon (satellite) are laser ranging satellites.

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Explorer 27

Explorer 27 (or BE-C or Beacon Explorer-C, Beacon-C or S-66C) was a small NASA satellite, launched in 1965, designed to conduct scientific research in the ionosphere. Satellite laser ranging and Explorer 27 are laser ranging satellites.

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Explorer 29

Explorer 29, also called GEOS 1 or GEOS A, acronym to Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite, was a NASA satellite launched as part of the Explorer program, being the first of the two satellites GEOS. Satellite laser ranging and Explorer 29 are laser ranging satellites.

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Explorer 36

Explorer 36 (also called GEOS 2 or GEOS B, acronym for Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) was a NASA satellite launched as part of the Explorer program, being the second of the two satellites GEOS. Satellite laser ranging and Explorer 36 are laser ranging satellites.

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Explorers Program

The Explorers program is a NASA exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space.

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Frame-dragging

Frame-dragging is an effect on spacetime, predicted by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, that is due to non-static stationary distributions of mass–energy.

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Galileo (satellite navigation)

Galileo is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that went live in 2016, created by the European Union through the European Space Agency (ESA), operated by the European Union Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA), headquartered in Prague, Czechia, with two ground operations centres in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, mostly responsible for the control of the satellites, and in Fucino, Italy, mostly responsible for providing the navigation data.

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General relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

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Geodesy

Geodesy or geodetics is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D.

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Geoid

The geoid is the shape that the ocean surface would take under the influence of the gravity of Earth, including gravitational attraction and Earth's rotation, if other influences such as winds and tides were absent.

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GEOS-3

GEOS-3, or Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite 3, or GEOS-C, was the third and final satellite as part of NASA's Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite/Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite program (NGSP) to better understand and test satellite tracking systems. Satellite laser ranging and GEOS-3 are laser ranging satellites.

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Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force.

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GLONASS

GLONASS (label,; t) is a Russian satellite navigation system operating as part of a radionavigation-satellite service.

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GRACE and GRACE-FO

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) was a joint mission of NASA and the German Aerospace Center (DLR).

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Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer

The Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) was the first of ESA's Living Planet Programme heavy satellites intended to map in unprecedented detail the Earth's gravity field.

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Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC (acronym for Navigation with Indian Constellation; also, 'sailor' or 'navigator' in Indian languages), is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing services.

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LAGEOS

LAGEOS, Laser Geodynamics Satellite or Laser Geometric Environmental Observation Survey, are a series of two scientific research satellites designed to provide an orbiting laser ranging benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth. Satellite laser ranging and LAGEOS are laser ranging satellites.

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LARES (satellite)

LARES (Laser Relativity Satellite) is a passive satellite system of the Italian Space Agency. Satellite laser ranging and LARES (satellite) are laser ranging satellites.

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Laser communication in space

Laser communication in space is the use of free-space optical communication in outer space.

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Lidar

Lidar (also LIDAR, LiDAR or LADAR, an acronym of "light detection and ranging" or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging") is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver.

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Light

Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.

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Lunar Laser Ranging experiments

Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) is the practice of measuring the distance between the surfaces of the Earth and the Moon using laser ranging.

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Lunokhod programme

Lunokhod (p, "Moonwalker") was a series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon between 1969 and 1977.

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Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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Orbit determination

Orbit determination is the estimation of orbits of objects such as moons, planets, and spacecraft.

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Physical geodesy

Physical geodesy is the study of the physical properties of Earth's gravity and its potential field (the geopotential), with a view to their application in geodesy.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

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Post-glacial rebound

Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression.

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Public domain

The public domain (PD) consists of all the creative work to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply.

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Retroreflector

A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects radiation (usually light) back to its source with minimum scattering.

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SARAL

SARAL (Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa) is a cooperative altimetry technology mission of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES).

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Satellite

A satellite or artificial satellite is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body.

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Satellite bus

A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

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Satellite geodesy

Satellite geodesy is geodesy by means of artificial satellites—the measurement of the form and dimensions of Earth, the location of objects on its surface and the figure of the Earth's gravity field by means of artificial satellite techniques.

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Satellite navigation

A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning.

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Sentinel-3

Sentinel-3 is an Earth observation heavy satellite series developed by the European Space Agency as part of the Copernicus Programme.

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Space geodesy

Space geodesy is geodesy by means of sources external to Earth, mainly artificial satellites (in satellite geodesy) but also quasars (in very-long-baseline interferometry, VLBI), visible stars (in stellar triangulation), and the retroreflectors on the Moon (in lunar laser ranging, LLR).

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Starlette and Stella

Starlette (Satellite de taille adaptée avec réflecteurs laser pour les études de la terre, or) and Stella are nearly identical French geodetic and geophysical satellites. Satellite laser ranging and Starlette and Stella are laser ranging satellites.

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STARSHINE (satellite)

The STARSHINE (Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite Heuristic International Networking Experiment) series of three (later, a fourth one was also launched) artificial satellites were student participatory missions sponsored by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (the fourth STARSHINE was a NASA mission). Satellite laser ranging and STARSHINE (satellite) are laser ranging satellites.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_laser_ranging

Also known as ILRS network, International Laser Ranging Service, List of laser ranging satellites, List of satellites carrying retroreflectors.

, TOPEX/Poseidon, Very-long-baseline interferometry.

Satellite laser ranging, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Laser ranging satellites

References