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Savannah hypothesis, the Glossary

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75 relations: Adaptive radiation, Adriaan Kortlandt, Alfred Russel Wallace, Allopatric speciation, Amadeus William Grabau, Aramis, Ethiopia, Arboreal locomotion, Ardipithecus kadabba, Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus anamensis, Biome, Bipedalism, Black-and-white colobus, Brigitte Senut, Bushland, C3 carbon fixation, C4 carbon fixation, Chad, Charles Darwin, Climate variability and change, Convergent evolution, Dambo, Desiccation, Dryopithecini, Elisabeth Vrba, Evolutionary pressure, Franz Weidenreich, Gelada, Gorilla, Grassland, Great Rift Valley, Gustav Steinmann, Henry Fairfield Osborn, Hominini, Homo, Human evolution, Hypothesis, Impala, Isotopes of carbon, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, John Talbot Robinson, Knuckle-walking, Laetoli, Little Foot, Ludwig Kohl-Larsen, Martin Pickford, Mary Leakey, Max Hilzheimer, ... Expand index (25 more) »
Paleoanthropology
Terrestrial locomotion

Adaptive radiation

In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches.

See Savannah hypothesis and Adaptive radiation

Adriaan Kortlandt

Adriaan Kortlandt (January 25, 1918, Rotterdam – October 18, 2009, Amsterdam) was a Dutch ethologist.

See Savannah hypothesis and Adriaan Kortlandt

Alfred Russel Wallace

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator.

See Savannah hypothesis and Alfred Russel Wallace

Allopatric speciation

Allopatric speciation – also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumbbell model – is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with gene flow. Savannah hypothesis and Allopatric speciation are evolutionary biology.

See Savannah hypothesis and Allopatric speciation

Amadeus William Grabau

Amadeus William Grabau (January 9, 1870 – March 20, 1946) was an American geologist, teacher, stratigrapher, paleontologist, and author who worked in the United States and China.

See Savannah hypothesis and Amadeus William Grabau

Aramis, Ethiopia

Aramis is a village and archaeological site in north-eastern Ethiopia, where remains of Australopithecus and Ardipithecus (Ardipithecus ramidus) have been found.

See Savannah hypothesis and Aramis, Ethiopia

Arboreal locomotion

Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees.

See Savannah hypothesis and Arboreal locomotion

Ardipithecus kadabba

Ardipithecus kadabba is the scientific classification given to fossil remains "known only from teeth and bits and pieces of skeletal bones", originally estimated to be 5.8 to 5.2 million years old, and later revised to 5.77 to 5.54 million years old.

See Savannah hypothesis and Ardipithecus kadabba

Ardipithecus ramidus

Ardipithecus ramidus is a species of australopithecine from the Afar region of Early Pliocene Ethiopia 4.4 million years ago (mya).

See Savannah hypothesis and Ardipithecus ramidus

Australopithecus afarensis

Australopithecus afarensis is an extinct species of australopithecine which lived from about 3.9–2.9 million years ago (mya) in the Pliocene of East Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Australopithecus afarensis

Australopithecus africanus

Australopithecus africanus is an extinct species of australopithecine which lived between about 3.3 and 2.1 million years ago in the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene of South Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Australopithecus africanus

Australopithecus anamensis

Australopithecus anamensis is a hominin species that lived approximately between 4.2 and 3.8 million years ago and is the oldest known Australopithecus species, living during the Plio-Pleistocene era.

See Savannah hypothesis and Australopithecus anamensis

Biome

A biome is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and animal life.

See Savannah hypothesis and Biome

Bipedalism

Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an animal moves by means of its two rear (or lower) limbs or legs. Savannah hypothesis and Bipedalism are animal anatomy and terrestrial locomotion.

See Savannah hypothesis and Bipedalism

Black-and-white colobus

Black-and-white colobuses (or colobi) are Old World monkeys of the genus Colobus, native to Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Black-and-white colobus

Brigitte Senut

Brigitte Senut (27 January 1954, Paris) is a French paleoprimatologist and paleoanthropologist and a professor at the National Museum of Natural History, Paris.

See Savannah hypothesis and Brigitte Senut

Bushland

In Australia, bushland is a blanket term for land which supports remnant vegetation or land which is disturbed but still retains a predominance of the original floristics and structure.

See Savannah hypothesis and Bushland

C3 carbon fixation

carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, the other two being c4 and CAM.

See Savannah hypothesis and C3 carbon fixation

C4 carbon fixation

carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants.

See Savannah hypothesis and C4 carbon fixation

Chad

Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of North and Central Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Chad

Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. Savannah hypothesis and Charles Darwin are human evolution.

See Savannah hypothesis and Charles Darwin

Climate variability and change

Climate variability includes all the variations in the climate that last longer than individual weather events, whereas the term climate change only refers to those variations that persist for a longer period of time, typically decades or more.

See Savannah hypothesis and Climate variability and change

Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time.

See Savannah hypothesis and Convergent evolution

Dambo

A dambo is a class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe.

See Savannah hypothesis and Dambo

Desiccation

Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.

See Savannah hypothesis and Desiccation

Dryopithecini

Dryopithecini is an extinct tribe of Eurasian and African great apes that are believed to be close to the ancestry of gorillas, chimpanzees and humans.

See Savannah hypothesis and Dryopithecini

Elisabeth Vrba

Elisabeth S. Vrba (born May 17, 1942) is a paleontologist at Yale University who developed the turnover-pulse hypothesis.

See Savannah hypothesis and Elisabeth Vrba

Evolutionary pressure

Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population, driving natural selection. Savannah hypothesis and Evolutionary pressure are evolutionary biology.

See Savannah hypothesis and Evolutionary pressure

Franz Weidenreich

Franz Weidenreich (7 June 1873 – 11 July 1948) was a Jewish German anatomist and physical anthropologist who studied evolution.

See Savannah hypothesis and Franz Weidenreich

Gelada

The gelada (Theropithecus gelada, translit, Jaldeessa daabee), sometimes called the bleeding-heart monkey or the gelada baboon, is a species of Old World monkey found only in the Ethiopian Highlands, living at elevations of above sea level.

See Savannah hypothesis and Gelada

Gorilla

Gorillas are herbivorous, predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Gorilla

Grassland

A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae).

See Savannah hypothesis and Grassland

Great Rift Valley

The Great Rift Valley (Bonde la ufa) is a series of contiguous geographic depressions, approximately in total length, that runs from Lebanon in Asia to Mozambique in Southeast Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Great Rift Valley

Gustav Steinmann

Johann Heinrich Conrad Gottfried Gustav Steinmann (9 April 1856 – 7 October 1929) was a German geologist and paleontologist.

See Savannah hypothesis and Gustav Steinmann

Henry Fairfield Osborn

Henry Fairfield Osborn, Sr. (August 8, 1857 – November 6, 1935) was an American paleontologist, geologist and eugenics advocate.

See Savannah hypothesis and Henry Fairfield Osborn

Hominini

The Hominini (hominins) form a taxonomic tribe of the subfamily Homininae (hominines). Savannah hypothesis and Hominini are human evolution and paleoanthropology.

See Savannah hypothesis and Hominini

Homo

Homo is a genus of great ape that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses the extant species Homo sapiens (modern humans) and a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans. Savannah hypothesis and Homo are human evolution.

See Savannah hypothesis and Homo

Human evolution

Human evolution is the evolutionary process within the history of primates that led to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family that includes all the great apes.

See Savannah hypothesis and Human evolution

Hypothesis

A hypothesis (hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

See Savannah hypothesis and Hypothesis

Impala

The impala or rooibok (Aepyceros melampus) is a medium-sized antelope found in eastern and southern Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Impala

Isotopes of carbon

Carbon (6C) has 14 known isotopes, from to as well as, of which and are stable.

See Savannah hypothesis and Isotopes of carbon

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier.

See Savannah hypothesis and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

John Talbot Robinson

John Talbot Robinson FRSSAf (10 January 1923 – 12 October 2001) was a distinguished South African hominin paleontologist.

See Savannah hypothesis and John Talbot Robinson

Knuckle-walking

Knuckle-walking is a form of quadrupedal walking in which the forelimbs hold the fingers in a partially flexed posture that allows body weight to press down on the ground through the knuckles.

See Savannah hypothesis and Knuckle-walking

Laetoli

Laetoli is a pre-historic site located in Enduleni ward of Ngorongoro District in Arusha Region, Tanzania.

See Savannah hypothesis and Laetoli

"Little Foot" (Stw 573) is the nickname given to a nearly complete Australopithecus fossil skeleton found in 1994–1998 in the cave system of Sterkfontein, South Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Little Foot

Ludwig Kohl-Larsen

Ludwig Kohl-Larsen (born Ludwig Kohl; 5 April 1884 in Landau in der Pfalz – 12 November 1969 in Bodensee) was a German physician, amateur anthropologist, and explorer.

See Savannah hypothesis and Ludwig Kohl-Larsen

Martin Pickford

Martin Pickford (born 1943) is a lecturer in the Chair of Paleoanthropology and Prehistory at the Collège de France and honorary affiliate at the Département Histoire de la Terre in the Muséum national d'Histoire.

See Savannah hypothesis and Martin Pickford

Mary Leakey

Mary Douglas Leakey, FBA (née Nicol, 6 February 1913 – 9 December 1996) was a British paleoanthropologist who discovered the first fossilised Proconsul skull, an extinct ape which is now believed to be ancestral to humans.

See Savannah hypothesis and Mary Leakey

Max Hilzheimer

Otto Jacob Max Hilzheimer (15 November 1877, Kehnert - 10 January 1946, Berlin-Charlottenburg) was a German zoologist who specialized in the mammals and was a pioneer of conservation in Berlin.

See Savannah hypothesis and Max Hilzheimer

Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

See Savannah hypothesis and Nature (journal)

Nile

The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.

See Savannah hypothesis and Nile

Olduvai Gorge

The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge in Tanzania is one of the most important paleoanthropological localities in the world; the many sites exposed by the gorge have proven invaluable in furthering understanding of early human evolution.

See Savannah hypothesis and Olduvai Gorge

Orrorin

Orrorin is an extinct genus of primate within Homininae from the Miocene Lukeino Formation and Pliocene Mabaget Formation, both of Kenya.

See Savannah hypothesis and Orrorin

Owen Lovejoy (anthropologist)

Claude Owen Lovejoy (born February 11, 1943) is an evolutionary anthropologist and anatomist at Kent State University Ohio.

See Savannah hypothesis and Owen Lovejoy (anthropologist)

Paleosol

In geoscience, paleosol (palaeosol in Great Britain and Australia) is an ancient soil that formed in the past.

See Savannah hypothesis and Paleosol

Pan (genus)

The genus Pan consists of two extant species: the chimpanzee and the bonobo.

See Savannah hypothesis and Pan (genus)

Paranthropus boisei

Paranthropus boisei is a species of australopithecine from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa about 2.5 to 1.15 million years ago.

See Savannah hypothesis and Paranthropus boisei

Phillip Tobias

Phillip Vallentine Tobias (14 October 1925 – 7 June 2012) was a South African palaeoanthropologist and Professor Emeritus at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.

See Savannah hypothesis and Phillip Tobias

Proconsul (mammal)

Proconsul is an extinct genus of primates that existed from 21 to 17 million years ago during the Miocene epoch.

See Savannah hypothesis and Proconsul (mammal)

Raymond Dart

Raymond Arthur Dart (4 February 1893 – 22 November 1988) was an Australian anatomist and anthropologist, best known for his involvement in the 1924 discovery of the first fossil found of Australopithecus africanus, an extinct hominin closely related to humans, at Taung in the North of South Africa in the Northwest province.

See Savannah hypothesis and Raymond Dart

Recent African origin of modern humans

In paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans or the "Out of Africa" theory (OOA) is the most widely accepted model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens). Savannah hypothesis and recent African origin of modern humans are human evolution.

See Savannah hypothesis and Recent African origin of modern humans

Robert Ardrey

Robert Ardrey (October 16, 1908 – January 14, 1980) was an American playwright, screenwriter and science writer perhaps best known for The Territorial Imperative (1966).

See Savannah hypothesis and Robert Ardrey

Sahelanthropus

Sahelanthropus is an extinct genus of hominid dated to about during the Late Miocene.

See Savannah hypothesis and Sahelanthropus

Savanna

A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close.

See Savannah hypothesis and Savanna

Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

See Savannah hypothesis and Science (journal)

Shrubland

Shrubland, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes.

See Savannah hypothesis and Shrubland

Théodore Monod

Théodore André Monod (9 April 1902 – 22 November 2000) was a French naturalist, humanist, scholar and explorer.

See Savannah hypothesis and Théodore Monod

Thure E. Cerling

Thure E. Cerling (born 1949) is a Distinguished Professor of Geology and Geophysics and a Distinguished Professor of Biology at the University of Utah.

See Savannah hypothesis and Thure E. Cerling

Tim D. White

Tim D. White (born August 24, 1950) is an American paleoanthropologist and Professor of Integrative Biology at the University of California, Berkeley.

See Savannah hypothesis and Tim D. White

Timeline of human evolution

The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to recent evolution within H. sapiens during and since the Last Glacial Period. Savannah hypothesis and timeline of human evolution are human evolution.

See Savannah hypothesis and Timeline of human evolution

Turnover-pulse hypothesis

The turnover-pulse hypothesis, formulated by paleontologist Elisabeth Vrba, suggests that major changes to the climate or ecosystem often result in a period of rapid extinction and high turnover of new species (a "pulse") across multiple different lineages. Savannah hypothesis and turnover-pulse hypothesis are paleoanthropology.

See Savannah hypothesis and Turnover-pulse hypothesis

Woodland

A woodland is, in the broad sense, land covered with woody plants (trees and shrubs), or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the plurale tantum woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade (see differences between British, American and Australian English explained below).

See Savannah hypothesis and Woodland

Yves Coppens

Yves Coppens (9 August 1934 – 22 June 2022) was a French anthropologist and co-discoverer of "Lucy".

See Savannah hypothesis and Yves Coppens

Zambezi

The Zambezi (also spelled Zambeze and Zambesi) is the fourth-longest river in Africa, the longest east-flowing river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. Its drainage basin covers, slightly less than half of the Nile's. The river rises in Zambia and flows through eastern Angola, along the north-eastern border of Namibia and the northern border of Botswana, then along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mozambique, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean.

See Savannah hypothesis and Zambezi

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_hypothesis

Also known as Aridity hypothesis, Savannah theory.

, Nature (journal), Nile, Olduvai Gorge, Orrorin, Owen Lovejoy (anthropologist), Paleosol, Pan (genus), Paranthropus boisei, Phillip Tobias, Proconsul (mammal), Raymond Dart, Recent African origin of modern humans, Robert Ardrey, Sahelanthropus, Savanna, Science (journal), Shrubland, Théodore Monod, Thure E. Cerling, Tim D. White, Timeline of human evolution, Turnover-pulse hypothesis, Woodland, Yves Coppens, Zambezi.

Savannah hypothesis, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Paleoanthropology

Terrestrial locomotion

References