en.unionpedia.org

Sayf al-Dawla, the Glossary

ʿAlī ibn ʾAbū'l-Hayjāʾ ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥamdān ibn Ḥamdūn ibn al-Ḥārith al-Taghlibī (علي بن أبو الهيجاء عبد الله بن حمدان بن الحارث التغلبي, 22 June 916 – 8 February 967), more commonly known simply by his honorific of Sayf al-Dawla (سيف الدولة), was the founder of the Emirate of Aleppo, encompassing most of northern Syria and parts of the western Jazira.^[1]

211 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz, Abdallah ibn Hamdan, Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Abu al-Misk Kafur, Abu Firas al-Hamdani, Adana, Ahl al-Bayt, Al-Awasim, Al-Dawla, Al-Farabi, Al-Jazira (caliphal province), Al-Khasibi, Al-Mada'in, Al-Muqtadir, Al-Mutanabbi, Al-Muttaqi, Al-Qahir, Al-Radi, Al-Rahba, Alawites, Aleppo, Amida (Mesopotamia), Amir al-umara, Anarchy at Samarra, Anatolia, Anazarbus, Ancient Greece, Anti-Taurus Mountains, Antioch, Aqueduct (water supply), Arab–Byzantine prisoner exchanges, Arab–Byzantine wars, Arabic name, Arabs, Arsamosata, Azerbaijan (Iran), Baghdad, Bagratid Armenia, Bagratuni dynasty, Bahra', Balikh River, Banu Ka'b, Banu Kalb, Banu Kilab, Banu Qushayr, Banu Uqayl, Bardas Phokas the Elder, Basil Lekapenos, Basra, ... Expand index (161 more) »
10th-century Shia Muslims
916 births
967 deaths
Generals of the medieval Islamic world
Hamdanid emirs of Aleppo

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Abbasid Caliphate

Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz

Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz (ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Muʿtazz; 861 – 29 December 908) was the son of the caliph al-Mu'tazz and a political figure, but is better known as a leading Arabic poet and the author of the Kitab al-Badi, an early study of Arabic forms of poetry. Sayf al-Dawla and Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz are 10th-century Arab people.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz

Abdallah ibn Hamdan

Abu'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn Hamdan (أبو الهيجاء عبد الله بن حمدان; died 929) was an early member of the Hamdanid dynasty, who served the Abbasid Caliphate as a military commander and governor of Mosul (in 905/06–913/14, 914/15, and again in 925–29). Sayf al-Dawla and Abdallah ibn Hamdan are 10th-century Arab people, 10th-century Shia Muslims and 10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Abdallah ibn Hamdan

Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani

Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Iṣfahānī (أبو الفرج الأصفهاني), also known as Abul-Faraj, (full form: Abū al-Faraj ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥaytham al-Umawī al-Iṣfahānī) (897–967CE / 284–356AH) was a writer, historian, genealogist, poet, musicologist and scribe. Sayf al-Dawla and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani are 10th-century Shia Muslims and 967 deaths.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani

Abu al-Misk Kafur

Abu al-Misk Kafur (905–968), also called al-Laithi, al-Suri, al-Labi was a dominant personality of Ikhshidid Egypt and Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Abu al-Misk Kafur

Abu Firas al-Hamdani

Al-Harith ibn Abi’l-ʿAlaʾ Saʿid ibn Hamdan al-Taghlibi (932–968), better known by his pen name Abu Firas al-Hamdani (أبو فراس الحمداني), was an Arab prince and poet. Sayf al-Dawla and Abu Firas al-Hamdani are 10th-century Arab people, 10th-century Shia Muslims and Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Abu Firas al-Hamdani

Adana

Adana is a large city in southern Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Adana

Ahl al-Bayt

(lit) refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ahl al-Bayt

Al-Awasim

Al-ʿAwāṣim (العواصم, "the defences, fortifications"; sing. al-ʿāṣimah, اَلْـعَـاصِـمَـة, "protectress") was the Arabic term used to refer to the Muslim side of the frontier zone between the Byzantine Empire and the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates in Cilicia, northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Awasim

Al-Dawla

The Arabic title al-Dawla (الدولة, often rendered ad-Dawla, ad-Daulah, ud-Daulah, etc.) means 'dynasty' or 'polity', (in modern usage, 'government' or "nation-state") and appears in many honorific and regnal titles in the Islamic world.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Dawla

Al-Farabi

Postage stamp of the USSR, issued on the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Al-Farabi (1975) Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (Abū Naṣr Muḥammad al-Fārābī; — 14 December 950–12 January 951), known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Farabi

Al-Jazira (caliphal province)

Al-Jazira (الجزيرة), also known as Jazirat Aqur or Iqlim Aqur, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, spanning at minimum most of Upper Mesopotamia (al-Jazira proper), divided between the districts of Diyar Bakr, Diyar Rabi'a and Diyar Mudar, and at times including Mosul, Arminiya and Adharbayjan as sub-provinces.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Jazira (caliphal province)

Al-Khasibi

Abu ʿAbd-Allāh al-Ḥusayn ibn Ḥamdān al-Jonbalānī al-Khaṣībī.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Khasibi

Al-Mada'in

Al-Mada'in (المدائن,; מחוזא Māḥozā) was an ancient metropolis situated on the Tigris in what is now Iraq.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Mada'in

Al-Muqtadir

Abu’l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Ahmad al-Muʿtaḍid (أبو الفضل جعفر بن أحمد المعتضد) (895 – 31 October 932 AD), better known by his regnal name al-Muqtadir bi-llāh (المقتدر بالله, "Mighty in God"), was the eighteenth caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from 908 to 932 AD (295–320 AH), with the exception of a brief deposition in favour of al-Qahir in 929. Sayf al-Dawla and al-Muqtadir are 10th-century Arab people.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Muqtadir

Al-Mutanabbi

Abū al-Ṭayyib Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Mutanabbī al-Kindī (أبو الطيب أحمد بن الحسين المتنبّي الكندي; – 23 September 965 AD) from Kufa, Abbasid Caliphate, was a famous Abbasid-era Arabian poet at the court of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla in Aleppo, and for whom he composed 300 folios of poetry.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Mutanabbi

Al-Muttaqi

Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Jaʿfar al-Muqtadir (أبو إسحاق إبراهيمبن جعفر المقتدر) better known by his regnal title al-Muttaqi (908 – July 968, المتقي) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 940 to 944. Sayf al-Dawla and al-Muttaqi are 10th-century Arab people.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Muttaqi

Al-Qahir

Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mu'tadid (Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muʿtaḍid), usually known simply by his regnal title al-Qahir bi'llah (Victorious by the will of God), was the nineteenth caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from 932 to 934.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Qahir

Al-Radi

Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Muqtadir (Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad (Muḥammad) ibn al-Muqtadir; 1 January 909 – 13 December 940), usually simply known by his regnal name al-Radi bi'llah (Content with God), was the twentieth Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from 934 to his death.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Radi

Al-Rahba

Al-Rahba (/ALA-LC: al-Raḥba, sometimes spelled Raḥabah), also known as Qal'at al-Rahba, which translates as the "Citadel of al-Rahba", is a medieval Arab fortress on the west bank of the Euphrates River, adjacent to the city of Mayadin in Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Al-Rahba

Alawites

The Alawites, also known as Nusayrites, are an Arab ethnoreligious group that live primarily in the Levant and follow Alawism, a religious sect that splintered from early Shi'ism as a ghulat branch during the ninth century.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Alawites

Aleppo

Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Aleppo

Amida (Mesopotamia)

Amida (Ἄμιδα, ܐܡܝܕ, Amed) was an ancient city in Mesopotamia located where modern Diyarbakır, Turkey now stands.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Amida (Mesopotamia)

Amir al-umara

The office of (amīr al-umarāʾ), variously rendered in English as emir of emirs, prince of princes, chief emir, and commander of commanders, was a senior military position in the 10th-century Abbasid Caliphate, whose holders in the decade after 936 came to supersede the civilian bureaucracy under the vizier and become effective regents, relegating the Abbasid caliphs to a purely ceremonial role.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Amir al-umara

Anarchy at Samarra

The Anarchy at Samarra was a period of extreme internal instability from 861 to 870 in the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, marked by the violent succession of four caliphs, who became puppets in the hands of powerful rival military groups.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Anarchy at Samarra

Anatolia

Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Anatolia

Anazarbus

Anazarbus, also known as Justinopolis (Ἀναζαρβός / Ίουστινούπολις, medieval Ain Zarba; modern Anavarza; عَيْنُ زَرْبَة), was an ancient Cilician city.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Anazarbus

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ancient Greece

Anti-Taurus Mountains

The Anti-Taurus Mountains (from Αντίταυρος) or Aladaglar are a mountain range in southern and eastern Turkey, curving northeast from the Taurus Mountains.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Anti-Taurus Mountains

Antioch

Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiokʽ; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; אנטיוכיה, Anṭiyokhya; أنطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Antioch

Aqueduct (water supply)

An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Aqueduct (water supply)

Arab–Byzantine prisoner exchanges

During the course of the Arab–Byzantine wars, exchanges of prisoners of war became a regular feature of the relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Arab–Byzantine prisoner exchanges

Arab–Byzantine wars

The Arab–Byzantine wars were a series of wars from the 7th to 11th centuries between multiple Arab dynasties and the Byzantine Empire.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Arab–Byzantine wars

Arabic name

Arabic language names have historically been based on a long naming system.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Arabic name

Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Arabs

Arsamosata

Arsamosata (Middle Persian: *Aršāmšād, Old Persian: *Ṛšāma-šiyāti-, Ἀρσαμόσατα) was an ancient and medieval city situated on the bank of the Murat River (called the Arsanias in classical sources), near the present-day city of Elazığ.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Arsamosata

Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (italic), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq and Turkey to the west, and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan proper to the north.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Azerbaijan (Iran)

Baghdad

Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Baghdad

Bagratid Armenia

Bagratid Armenia was an independent Armenian state established by Ashot I Bagratuni of the Bagratuni dynasty in the early 880s following nearly two centuries of foreign domination of Greater Armenia under Arab Umayyad and Abbasid rule.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Bagratid Armenia

Bagratuni dynasty

The Bagratuni or Bagratid dynasty (Բագրատունի) was an Armenian royal dynasty which ruled the medieval Kingdom of Armenia from c. 885 until 1045.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Bagratuni dynasty

Bahra'

The Bahra' (Bahrāʾ) were an Arab tribe that inhabited the middle Euphrates valley around the trade center and Arab Christian holy city of Resafa during the late Byzantine era, and later the Homs region of central Syria during the Islamic era.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Bahra'

Balikh River

The Balikh River (نهر البليخ) is a perennial river that originates in the spring of Ain al-Arous near Tell Abyad in the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests ecoregion.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Balikh River

Banu Ka'b

The Banu Kaʿb (بنو كعب) are a nomadic Arab tribe which originated in the Najd region of the Arabian Peninsula, and inhabit Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, and Iran (Khuzestan).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Banu Ka'b

Banu Kalb

The Banu Kalb (Banū Kalb) was an Arab tribe which mainly dwelt in the desert and steppe of northwestern Arabia and central Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Banu Kalb

Banu Kilab

The Banu Kilab (Banū Kilāb) was an Arab tribe in the western Najd (central Arabia) where they controlled the horse-breeding pastures of Dariyya from the mid-6th century until at least the mid-9th century.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Banu Kilab

Banu Qushayr

The Banū Qushayr (بنو قشير) was a branch of the Arab tribe of Banu Amir, historically resident in central Arabian Peninsula and later spreading to Khurasan, Iraq, Upper Mesopotamia.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Banu Qushayr

Banu Uqayl

Banu Uqayl (بنو عُـقَـيـْل) are an ancient Arab tribe that played an important role in the history of Eastern Arabia and Iraq.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Banu Uqayl

Bardas Phokas the Elder

Bardas Phokas (Βάρδας Φωκᾶς) (c. 878 – c. 968) was a notable Byzantine general in the first half of the 10th century.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Bardas Phokas the Elder

Basil Lekapenos

Basil Lekapenos (Basíleios Lekapēnós; –), also called the Parakoimomenos (ὁ παρακοιμώμενος) or the Nothos (ὁ Νόθος, "the Bastard"), was an illegitimate child of the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Basil Lekapenos

Basra

Basra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Basra

Battle of al-Mada'in

The Battle of al-Mada'in was fought near al-Mada'in in central Iraq between the armies of the Hamdanids and the Baridis, for control over Baghdad, the capital and seat of the Abbasid Caliphate, that was around away and then under control of the Hamdanids.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Battle of al-Mada'in

Battle of Andrassos

The Battle of Andrassos or Adrassos was fought on 8 November 960 between the Byzantines, led by Leo Phokas the Younger, and the forces of the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo under the emir Sayf al-Dawla.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Battle of Andrassos

Battle of Lalakaon

The Battle of Lalakaon (Μάχη τοῦ Λαλακάοντος), or Battle of Poson or Porson (Μάχη τοῦ Πό(ρ)σωνος), was fought in 863 between the Byzantine Empire and an invading Arab army in Paphlagonia (modern northern Turkey).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Battle of Lalakaon

Battle of Manzikert

The Battle of Manzikert or Malazgirt was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on 26 August 1071 near Manzikert, theme of Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Battle of Manzikert

Battle of Marash (953)

The Battle of Marash was fought in 953 near Marash (modern Kahramanmaraş) between the forces of the Byzantine Empire under the Domestic of the Schools Bardas Phokas the Elder, and of the Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla, the Byzantines' most intrepid enemy during the mid-10th century.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Battle of Marash (953)

Battle of Raban

The Battle of Raban was an engagement fought in autumn 958 near the fortress of Raban (in modern-day Turkey) between the Byzantine army, led by John Tzimiskes (later emperor in 969–976), and the forces of the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo under the famed emir Sayf al-Dawla (r. 945–967).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Battle of Raban

Bay'ah

Bayʿah (بَيْعَة, "Pledge of allegiance"), in Islamic terminology, is an oath of allegiance to a leader.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Bay'ah

Bedouin

The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (singular) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Bedouin

Bilad al-Sham

Bilad al-Sham (Bilād al-Shām), often referred to as Islamic Syria or simply Syria in English-language sources, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Bilad al-Sham

Bourzey castle

Bourzey castle is called also Mirza castle, (قلعة ميرزا).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Bourzey castle

Buffer state

A buffer state is a country geographically lying between two rival or potentially hostile great powers.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Buffer state

Buyid dynasty

The Buyid dynasty (Âl-i Bōya), also spelled Buwayhid (Al-Buwayhiyyah), was a Zaydi and, later, Twelver Shia dynasty of Daylamite origin, which mainly ruled over central and southern Iran and Iraq from 934 to 1062.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Buyid dynasty

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Byzantine Empire

Charsianon

Charsianon (Χαρσιανόν) was the name of a Byzantine fortress and the corresponding theme (a military-civilian province) in the region of Cappadocia in eastern Anatolia (modern Turkey).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Charsianon

Christopher of Antioch

Christopher (Arabic: خريسطوفورس, Kharīsṭūfūrus) was Chalcedonian Patriarch of Antioch from 960 to 967. Sayf al-Dawla and Christopher of Antioch are 967 deaths.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Christopher of Antioch

Cibyrrhaeot Theme

The Cibyrrhaeot Theme, more properly the Theme of the Cibyrrhaeots (thema Kibyrrhaiōtōn), was a Byzantine theme encompassing the southern coast of Asia Minor from the early 8th to the late 12th centuries.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Cibyrrhaeot Theme

Cilicia

Cilicia is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Cilicia

Circassians

The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe and Adygekher) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Circassians

Constantine Phokas

Constantine Phokas (Κωνσταντῖνος Φωκᾶς; died 953/954) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Constantine Phokas

Cyrrhus

Cyrrhus (Kyrrhos) is a city in ancient Syria founded by Seleucus Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Cyrrhus

Damascus

Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Damascus

Dara (Mesopotamia)

Dara or Daras (Turkish: Dara Antik Kenti; Kurdish: Darê; Δάρας; ܕܪܐ) was an important East Roman fortress city in northern Mesopotamia on the border with the Sassanid Empire.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Dara (Mesopotamia)

Daylamites

The Daylamites or Dailamites (Middle Persian: Daylamīgān; دیلمیان Deylamiyān) were an Iranian people inhabiting the Daylam—the mountainous regions of northern Iran on the southwest coast of the Caspian Sea, now comprising the southeastern half of Gilan Province.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Daylamites

Daysam ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi

Daysam ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi (or Daysam) (d. c. 957) was a Kurdish commander who occasionally ruled Adharbayjan between 938 and 955 during the power struggle that ensured after the fall of the Sajid dynasty.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Daysam ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi

Dülük

Dülük (translit) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şehitkamil, Gaziantep Province, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Dülük

De facto

De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.

See Sayf al-Dawla and De facto

Dhu al-Hijjah

Dhu al-Hijjah (also Dhu al-Hijja translit) is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic calendar.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Dhu al-Hijjah

Diyar Bakr

Diyar Bakr (Bakr) is the medieval Arabic name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Mudar and Diyar Rabi'a.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Diyar Bakr

Diyar Mudar

Diyar Mudar (abode of Mudar) is the medieval Arabic name of the westernmost of the three provinces of al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Bakr and Diyar Rabi'a.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Diyar Mudar

Diyar Rabi'a

Diyar Rabi'a (Rabi'a) is the medieval Arabic name of the easternmost and largest of the three provinces of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Bakr and Diyar Mudar.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Diyar Rabi'a

Domestic of the Schools

The office of the Domestic of the Schools (doméstikos tôn scholôn) was a senior military post of the Byzantine Empire, extant from the 8th century until at least the early 14th century.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Domestic of the Schools

Easter

Easter, also called Pascha (Aramaic, Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Easter

Eastern Arabia

Eastern Arabia, is a region stretched from Basra to Khasab along the Persian Gulf coast and included parts of modern-day Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (Eastern Province), and the United Arab Emirates.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Eastern Arabia

Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Egypt

Egypt in the Middle Ages

Following the Islamic conquest in 641-642, Lower Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Rashidun Caliphs and then the Umayyad Caliphs in Damascus, but in 750 the Umayyads were overthrown.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Egypt in the Middle Ages

Elazığ

Elazığ is a city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, and the administrative centre of Elazığ Province and Elazığ District.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Elazığ

Emir

Emir (أمير, also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Emir

Erzurum

Erzurum is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Erzurum

Euphrates

The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Euphrates

Fatimid Caliphate

The Fatimid Caliphate or Fatimid Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya) was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Fatimid Caliphate

Fatimid conquest of Egypt

The Fatimid conquest of Egypt took place in 969 when the troops of the Fatimid Caliphate under the general Jawhar captured Egypt, then ruled by the autonomous Ikhshidid dynasty in the name of the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Fatimid conquest of Egypt

Furusiyya

(Arabic: فروسية; also transliterated as) is an Arabic knightly discipline and ethical code developed in the Middle Ages.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Furusiyya

Gagik I Artsruni

Gagik I Artsruni (Գագիկ Ա Արծրունի; 879/880 – 943) was an Armenian noble of the Artsruni dynasty who ruled over Vaspurakan in southern Armenia, first as prince of northwestern Vaspurakan (Gagik III, 904–908) and after that until his death as King of Vaspurakan, also claiming the title of King of Armenia.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Gagik I Artsruni

Geert Jan van Gelder

Gerard Jan Henk van Gelder FBA (born 10 June 1947) is a Dutch academic who was the Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford from 1998 to 2012.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Geert Jan van Gelder

Genealogy

Genealogy is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Genealogy

Ghazi (warrior)

A ghazi (غازي,, plural ġuzāt) is an individual who participated in ghazw (غزو, ġazw), meaning military expeditions or raiding.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ghazi (warrior)

Ghilman

Ghilman (singular غُلاَم,Other standardized transliterations: /.. plural غِلْمَان)Other standardized transliterations: /..

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ghilman

Golan Heights

The Golan Heights (Haḍbatu l-Jawlān or; רמת הגולן), or simply the Golan, is a basaltic plateau, at the southwest corner of Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Golan Heights

Gold dinar

The gold dinar (ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ذهبي) is an Islamic medieval gold coin first issued in AH 77 (696–697 CE) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Gold dinar

Hadath

Al-Ḥadath al-Ḥamrā' (Arabic for "Hadath the Red") or Adata (Ἃδατα) was a town and fortress near the Taurus Mountains (modern southeastern Turkey), which played an important role in the Byzantine–Arab Wars.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Hadath

Hamdan ibn Hamdun

Hamdan ibn Hamdun ibn al-Harith al-Taghlibi was a Taghlibi Arab chieftain in the Jazira, and the patriarch of the Hamdanid dynasty. Sayf al-Dawla and Hamdan ibn Hamdun are Arab generals and generals of the medieval Islamic world.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Hamdan ibn Hamdun

Hamdanid dynasty

The Hamdanid dynasty (al-Ḥamdāniyyūn) was a Shia Muslim Arab dynasty of Northern Mesopotamia and Syria (890–1004).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Hamdanid dynasty

Harran

Harran is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Harran

Hemiparesis

Hemiparesis, also called unilateral paresis, is the weakness of one entire side of the body (hemi- means "half").

See Sayf al-Dawla and Hemiparesis

Hijri year

The Hijri year (سَنة هِجْريّة) or era (التقويمالهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Hijri year

Homs

Homs (حِمْص / ALA-LC:; Levantine Arabic: حُمْص / Ḥomṣ), known in pre-Islamic Syria as Emesa (Émesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Homs

Hugh N. Kennedy

Hugh Nigel Kennedy (born 22 October 1947) is a British medievalist and academic.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Hugh N. Kennedy

Husayn ibn Ali

Imam Husayn ibn Ali (translit; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680) was a social, political and religious leader.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Husayn ibn Ali

Husayn ibn Hamdan

Husayn ibn Hamdan ibn Hamdun ibn al-Harith al-Taghlibi was an early member of the Hamdanid family, who distinguished himself as a general for the Abbasid Caliphate and played a major role in the Hamdanids' rise to power among the Arab tribes in the Jazira. Sayf al-Dawla and Husayn ibn Hamdan are 10th-century Arab people and 10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Husayn ibn Hamdan

Ibn al-Zayyat (governor of Tarsus)

Ibn al-Zayyat was the governor of Tarsus from ca. Sayf al-Dawla and Ibn al-Zayyat (governor of Tarsus) are 10th-century Arab people and Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ibn al-Zayyat (governor of Tarsus)

Ibn Hawqal

Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (محمد أبو القاسمبن حوقل), also known as Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled from AD 943 to 969. Sayf al-Dawla and Ibn Hawqal are 10th-century Arab people and 10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ibn Hawqal

Ibn Jinni

Abū l-Fatḥ ʿUthmān ibn Jinnī, best known as Ibn Jinnī, was a specialist on Arabic grammar, a philologist, and a philosopher of language.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ibn Jinni

Ibn Khallikan

Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin Ibrāhīm bin Abū Bakr ibn Khallikān (أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيمبن أبي بكر ابن خلكان; 22 September 1211 – 30 October 1282), better known as Ibn Khallikān, was a renowned Islamic historian who compiled the celebrated biographical encyclopedia of Muslim scholars and important men in Muslim history, Deaths of Eminent Men and the Sons of the Epoch ('Wafayāt al-Aʿyān wa-Anbāʾ Abnāʾ az-Zamān').

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ibn Khallikan

Ibn Nubata (preacher)

Abū Yaḥyā ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Ḥudhakī al-Fāriqī, better known as Ibn Nubāta (d. 984/5), was an Islamic preacher celebrated for his sermons, active at the court of the Hamdanid emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ibn Nubata (preacher)

Ikhshidid dynasty

The Ikhshidid dynasty was a dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin, who ruled Egypt and the Levant from 935 to 969.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ikhshidid dynasty

Iranian peoples

The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Iranian peoples

Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Iraq

Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance (Rinascimento) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Italian Renaissance

Jihad

Jihad (jihād) is an Arabic word which literally means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Jihad

John I Tzimiskes

John I Tzimiskes (925 – 10 January 976) was the senior Byzantine emperor from 969 to 976.

See Sayf al-Dawla and John I Tzimiskes

John Kourkouas

John Kourkouas (Ioannes Kourkouas), also transliterated as Kurkuas or Curcuas, was one of the most important generals of the Byzantine Empire.

See Sayf al-Dawla and John Kourkouas

Jund Hims

Jund Ḥimṣ (جند حمص, "military district of Homs") was one of the military districts of the caliphal province of Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Jund Hims

Jund Qinnasrin

Jund Qinnasrīn (جُـنْـد قِـنَّـسْـرِيْـن, "military district of Qinnasrin") was one of five sub-provinces of Syria under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, organized soon after the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 7th century CE.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Jund Qinnasrin

Kahramanmaraş

Kahramanmaraş, historically Marash (Maraş; Մարաշ) and Germanicea (Γερμανίκεια), is a city in the Mediterranean region of Turkey and the administrative centre of Kahramanmaraş province.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Kahramanmaraş

Kaysites

The Kaysite dynasty was a Muslim Arab dynasty that ruled an emirate centered in Manzikert from c. 860 until 964.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Kaysites

Kharijite Rebellion (866–896)

The Kharijite Rebellion was a major Kharijite uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate between 866 and 896.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Kharijite Rebellion (866–896)

Kingdom of Vaspurakan

The Kingdom of Vaspurakan (also transliterated as Vasbouragan from Western Armenian) was a medieval Armenian kingdom centered on Lake Van, located in what is now eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Kingdom of Vaspurakan

Kitab al-Aghani

Kitāb al-Aghānī (The Book of Songs), is an encyclopedic collection of poems and songs that runs to over 20 volumes in modern editions, attributed to the 10th-century Arabic writer Abū al-Farāj al-Isfahānī (also known as al-Isbahānī).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Kitab al-Aghani

Koloneia (theme)

The Theme of Koloneia (θέμα Κολωνείας) was a small military-civilian province (thema or theme) of the Byzantine Empire located in northern Cappadocia and the southern Pontus, in modern Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Koloneia (theme)

Konya

Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Konya

Kozan, Adana

Kozan, formerly Sis (Սիս), is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Kozan, Adana

Kurds

Kurds or Kurdish people (rtl, Kurd) are an Iranic ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Kurds

Lake Van

Lake Van (Van Gölü; translit; Gola Wanê) is the largest lake in Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Lake Van

Leo Phokas the Younger

Leo Phokas or Phocas (Λέων Φωκᾶς, c. 915–920after 971) was a prominent Byzantine general who scored a number of successes in the eastern frontier in the mid-10th century alongside his older brother, the Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Leo Phokas the Younger

List of monarchs of Aleppo

The monarchs of Aleppo reigned as kings, emirs and sultans of the city and its surrounding region since the later half of the 3rd millennium BC, starting with the kings of Armi, followed by the Amorite dynasty of Yamhad.

See Sayf al-Dawla and List of monarchs of Aleppo

Litter (vehicle)

The litter is a class of wheelless vehicles, a type of human-powered transport, for the transport of people.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Litter (vehicle)

Lower Egypt

Lower Egypt (مصر السفلى) is the northernmost region of Egypt, which consists of the fertile Nile Delta between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea, from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Lower Egypt

Lower Mesopotamia

Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Lower Mesopotamia

Lykandos

Lykandos or Lycandus (Λυκανδός), known as Djahan in Armenian, was the name of a Byzantine fortress and military-civilian province (or "theme"), known as the Theme of Lykandos (θέμα Λυκανδοῦ), in the 10th–11th centuries.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Lykandos

Maarat al-Numan

Maarat al-Numan (Maʿarrat an-Nuʿmān), also known as al-Ma'arra, is a city in northwestern Syria, south of Idlib and north of Hama, with a population of about 58,008 before the Civil War (2004 census).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Maarat al-Numan

Malatya

Malatya (translit; Syriac ܡܠܝܛܝܢܐ Malīṭīná; Meletî; Ancient Greek: Μελιτηνή) is a large city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Malatya

Mamluk Sultanate

The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Mamluk Sultanate

Manbij

Manbij (Manbiǧ, Minbic, Münbiç, Menbic, or Menbiç) is a city in the northeast of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria, west of the Euphrates.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Manbij

Marius Canard

Marius Canard FBA (26 December 1888 – 13 September 1982) was a French Orientalist and historian.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Marius Canard

Mark Whittow

Mark Whittow (24 August 1957England and Wales, Death Index, 1989–2018 – 23 December 2017) was a British historian, archaeologist, and academic, specialising in the Byzantine Empire.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Mark Whittow

Marzuban ibn Muhammad

Marzuban ibn Muhammad (died 957) was the Sallarid ruler of Azerbaijan (941/42–957).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Marzuban ibn Muhammad

Mirdasid dynasty

The Mirdasid dynasty (al-Mirdāsiyyīn), also called the Banu Mirdas, was an Arab Shia Muslim dynasty which ruled an Aleppo-based emirate in northern Syria and the western Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) more or less continuously from 1024 until 1080.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Mirdasid dynasty

Monoculture

In agriculture, monoculture is the practice of growing one crop species in a field at a time.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Monoculture

Mopsuestia

Mopsuestia and Mopsuhestia (Mopsou(h)estia and ΜόψουMopsou and Μόψουπόλις and Μόψος; Byzantine Greek: Mamista, Manistra, Mampsista; Arabic: al-Maṣṣīṣah; Armenian: Msis, Mises, Mam(u)estia; modern Yakapınar) is an ancient city in Cilicia Campestris on the Pyramus River (now the Ceyhan River) located approximately east of ancient Antiochia in Cilicia (present-day Adana, southern Turkey).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Mopsuestia

Mosul

Mosul (al-Mawṣil,,; translit; Musul; Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Mosul

Mounted archery

Mounted archery is a form of archery that involves shooting arrows while on horseback.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Mounted archery

Mu'izz al-Dawla

Ahmad ibn Buya (Persian: احمد بن بویه, died April 8, 967), after 945 better known by his laqab of Mu'izz al-Dawla (معز الدولة البويهي, "Fortifier of the Dynasty"), was the first of the Buyid emirs of Iraq, ruling from 945 until his death. Sayf al-Dawla and Mu'izz al-Dawla are 10th-century monarchs in the Middle East, 10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate and 967 deaths.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Mu'izz al-Dawla

Mu'nis al-Muzaffar

Abū'l-Ḥasan Mu'nis al-Qushuri (أبو الحسن مؤنس القشوري; 845/6–933), also commonly known by the surnames al-Muẓaffar (المظفر) and al-Khadim (ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ; 'the Eunuch'), was the commander-in-chief of the Abbasid army from 908 to his death in 933 CE, and virtual dictator and king-maker of the Caliphate from 928 on. Sayf al-Dawla and Mu'nis al-Muzaffar are 10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Mu'nis al-Muzaffar

Muhammad ibn Ra'iq

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ra'iq (died 13 February 942), usually simply known as Ibn Ra'iq, was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate, who exploited the caliphal government's weakness to become the first amir al-umara ("commander of commanders", generalissimo and de facto regent) of the Caliphate in 936.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Muhammad ibn Ra'iq

Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid

Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ṭughj ibn Juff ibn Yiltakīn ibn Fūrān ibn Fūrī ibn Khāqān (8 February 882 – 24 July 946), better known by the title al-Ikhshīd (الإخشيد) after 939, was an Abbasid commander and governor who became the autonomous ruler of Egypt and parts of Syria (Levant) from 935 until his death in 946. Sayf al-Dawla and Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid are 10th-century monarchs in the Middle East.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid

Nasir al-Dawla

Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Abi'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn Hamdan al-Taghlibi (أبو محمد الحسن بن أبي الهيجاء عبد الله بن حمدان التغلبي; died 968 or 969), more commonly known simply by his honorific of Nasir al-Dawla (ناصر الدولة), was the second Hamdanid ruler of the Emirate of Mosul, encompassing most of the Jazira. Sayf al-Dawla and Nasir al-Dawla are 10th-century Arab people, 10th-century Shia Muslims, 10th-century monarchs in the Middle East and 10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Nasir al-Dawla

Nikephoros II Phokas

Nikephoros II Phokas (Νικηφόρος Φωκᾶς, Nikēphóros Phōkãs; – 11 December 969), Latinized Nicephorus II Phocas, was Byzantine emperor from 963 to 969.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Nikephoros II Phokas

Numayrid dynasty

The Numayrids were an Arab dynasty based in Diyar Mudar (western Upper Mesopotamia).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Numayrid dynasty

Nusaybin

Nusaybin is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Nusaybin

Orontes River

The Orontes (from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης) or Nahr al-ʿĀṣī, or simply Asi (translit,; Asi) is a long river in Western Asia that begins in Lebanon, flowing northwards through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Hatay Province, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Orontes River

Palestine (region)

The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Palestine (region)

Panegyric

A panegyric is a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Panegyric

Parakoimomenos

The parakoimōmenos (παρακοιμώμενος, literally "the one who sleeps beside ") was a Byzantine court position, usually reserved for eunuchs.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Parakoimomenos

Paulicianism

Paulicianism (Classical Armenian: Պաւղիկեաններ,; Παυλικιανοί, "The followers of Paul"; Arab sources: Baylakānī, al Bayāliqa البيالقة)Nersessian, Vrej (1998).

See Sayf al-Dawla and Paulicianism

Polyculture

In agriculture, polyculture is the practice of growing more than one crop species together in the same place at the same time, in contrast to monoculture, which had become the dominant approach in developed countries by 1950.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Polyculture

Qadi

A qāḍī (Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, kadi, kadhi, kazi, or gazi) is the magistrate or judge of a sharīʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and audition of public works.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Qadi

Qarghuyah

Qarghuyah or Qarquya was an important Arab administrator in the Hamdanid Dynasty under Sayf al-Dawla, who would go on to control Aleppo himself and even sign the Treaty of Safar with the Byzantine Empire as the ruling emir of Aleppo. Sayf al-Dawla and Qarghuyah are 10th-century Arab people and Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Qarghuyah

Qarmatians

The Qarmatians (Qarāmiṭa) were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious—and, as some scholars have claimed, proto-socialist or utopian socialist—state in 899 CE.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Qarmatians

Qays

Qays ʿAylān (قيس عيلان), often referred to simply as Qays (Kais or Ḳays) were an Arab tribal confederation that branched from the Mudar group.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Qays

Qinnasrin

Qinnašrīn (Qinnašrīn; lit; Chalcis ad Belum; Khalkìs), was a historical town in northern Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Qinnasrin

Qom

Qom (قم) is a city in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Qom

Ramla

Ramla or Ramle (רַמְלָה, Ramlā; الرملة, ar-Ramleh) is a city in the Central District of Israel.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Ramla

Raqqa

Raqqa (ar-Raqqah, also) is a city in Syria on the left bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Raqqa

Rashiq al-Nasimi

Rashiq al-Nasimi was the governor of Tarsus for the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla and Abbasid caliph from 962 until the city's surrender to the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros II Phokas in 965. Sayf al-Dawla and Rashiq al-Nasimi are 10th-century Arab people and Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Rashiq al-Nasimi

Rum (endonym)

Rūm (روم, collective; singulative: رومي Rūmī; plural: أروامArwām; رومRum or رومیان Rumiyān, singular رومی Rumi; Rûm or Rûmîler, singular Rûmî), also romanized as Roum, is a derivative of Parthian (frwm) terms, ultimately derived from Greek Ῥωμαῖοι (Rhomaioi, literally 'Romans').

See Sayf al-Dawla and Rum (endonym)

Sa'd al-Dawla

Abu 'l-Ma'ali Sharif, more commonly known by his honorific title, Sa'd al-Dawla (سعد الدولة), was the second ruler of the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo, encompassing most of northern Syria. Sayf al-Dawla and Sa'd al-Dawla are 10th-century Arab people, 10th-century Shia Muslims, 10th-century monarchs in the Middle East, Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars and Hamdanid emirs of Aleppo.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Sa'd al-Dawla

Sabkhat al-Jabbul

Sabkhat al-Jabbūl or Mamlahat al-Jabbūl or Lake Jabbūl (سبخة الجبول) is a large, traditionally seasonal, saline lake and concurrent salt flats (sabkha) 30 km southeast of Aleppo, Syria, in the Bāb District of Aleppo Governorate.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Sabkhat al-Jabbul

Sack of Aleppo (962)

The sack of Aleppo in December 962 was carried out by the Byzantine Empire under Nikephoros Phokas.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Sack of Aleppo (962)

Safar

Safar (translit), also spelt as Safer in Turkish, is the second month of the lunar Islamic calendar.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Safar

Sallarid dynasty

The Sallarid dynasty (سالاریان), (also known as the Musafirids or Langarids) was a Muslim dynasty of Daylami origin, which ruled in Tarom, Samiran, Daylam, Gilan and subsequently Azerbaijan, Arran, and some districts in Eastern Armenia in the 2nd half of the 10th century. Sayf al-Dawla and Sallarid dynasty are 10th-century monarchs in the Middle East.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Sallarid dynasty

Salmas

Salmas (سلماس) is a city in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Salmas

Samanid Empire

The Samanid Empire (Sāmāniyān), also known as the Samanian Empire, Samanid dynasty, Samanid amirate, or simply as the Samanids, was a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire, of Iranian dehqan origin.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Samanid Empire

Samsat

Samsat (Samîsad, Ottoman Turkish صمصاد Semisat), formerly Samosata (Σαμόσατα) is a small town in the Adıyaman Province of Turkey, situated on the upper Euphrates river.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Samsat

Scorched earth

A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy of destroying everything that allows an enemy military force to be able to fight a war, including the deprivation and destruction of water, food, humans, animals, plants and any kind of tools and infrastructure.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Scorched earth

Shaizar

Shaizar or Shayzar (شيزر; in modern Arabic Saijar; Hellenistic name: Larissa in Syria, Λάρισσα εν Συρία in Greek) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of Hama.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Shaizar

Sharif

Sharīf (شريف, 'noble', 'highborn'), also spelled shareef or sherif, feminine sharīfa (شريفة), plural ashrāf (أشراف), shurafāʾ (شرفاء), or (in the Maghreb) shurfāʾ, is a title used to designate a person descended, or claiming to be descended, from the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Sharif

Shia Islam

Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Shia Islam

Siege of Chandax

The siege of Chandax in 960-961 was the centerpiece of the Byzantine Empire's campaign to recover the island of Crete which since the 820s had been ruled by Muslim Arabs.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Siege of Chandax

Silvan, Diyarbakır

Silvan (Farqîn; translit, translit) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Silvan, Diyarbakır

Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Sunni Islam

Surat Al-Ard

Surat Al-Ard, also known as Al-Masalek wa Al-Mamalek, is a book on geography and travel written by the merchant traveler Abul Qasim Muhammad Ibn Hawqal following his travels, which commenced in 331 AH.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Surat Al-Ard

Suruç

Suruç (script; Sruḡ) is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Suruç

Taghlib

The Banu Taghlib, also known as Taghlib ibn Wa'il, were an Arab tribe that originated in Jazira.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Taghlib

Tanukhids

The Tanûkhids (transl), Tanukh (translit), or Banū Tanūkh (بنو تنوخ, romanized as) were a confederation of Arab tribes, sometimes characterized as Saracens.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Tanukhids

Taron (historic Armenia)

Taron (Տարօն; Western Armenian pronunciation: Daron; Ταρών, Tarōn; Taraunitis) was a canton of the Turuberan province of Greater Armenia, roughly corresponding to the Muş Province of modern Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Taron (historic Armenia)

Tarsus, Mersin

Tarsus (Hittite: 𒋫𒅈𒊭 Tārša; Greek Tarsós; Armenian Tarson; طَرسُوس Ṭarsūs) is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Tarsus, Mersin

Tartus

Tartus (طَرْطُوس / ALA-LC: Ṭarṭūs; known in the County of Tripoli as Tortosa and also transliterated from French Tartous) is a major port city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Tartus

Tayy

The Tayy (طيء/ALA-LC: Ṭayyi’), (Musnad: 𐩷𐩺), also known as Ṭayyi, Tayyaye, or Taiyaye, are a large and ancient Arab tribe, among whose descendants today are the tribes of Bani Sakher and Shammar. The nisba (patronymic) of Tayy is aṭ-Ṭāʾī (ٱلطَّائِي). In the second century CE, they migrated to the northern Arabian ranges of the Shammar and Salma Mountains, which then collectively became known as the Jabal Tayy, and later Jabal Shammar.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Tayy

Theme (Byzantine district)

The themes or (θέματα,, singular) were the main military and administrative divisions of the middle Byzantine Empire.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Theme (Byzantine district)

Thierry Bianquis

Thierry Bianquis (3 August 1935 – 2 September 2014) was a French Orientalist and Arabist.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Thierry Bianquis

Transoxiana

Transoxiana or Transoxania is the Latin name for the region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to modern-day eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, parts of southern Kazakhstan, parts of Turkmenistan and southern Kyrgyzstan.

See Sayf al-Dawla and Transoxiana

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayf_al-Dawla

Also known as Ali Sayf al-Dawla, Saif ad Daulah, Saif al-Daula, Sayf ad-Dawla, Sayf ad-Dawlah, Sayf al-Daula, Sayf al-Dawlah.

, Battle of al-Mada'in, Battle of Andrassos, Battle of Lalakaon, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash (953), Battle of Raban, Bay'ah, Bedouin, Bilad al-Sham, Bourzey castle, Buffer state, Buyid dynasty, Byzantine Empire, Charsianon, Christopher of Antioch, Cibyrrhaeot Theme, Cilicia, Circassians, Constantine Phokas, Cyrrhus, Damascus, Dara (Mesopotamia), Daylamites, Daysam ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi, Dülük, De facto, Dhu al-Hijjah, Diyar Bakr, Diyar Mudar, Diyar Rabi'a, Domestic of the Schools, Easter, Eastern Arabia, Egypt, Egypt in the Middle Ages, Elazığ, Emir, Erzurum, Euphrates, Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid conquest of Egypt, Furusiyya, Gagik I Artsruni, Geert Jan van Gelder, Genealogy, Ghazi (warrior), Ghilman, Golan Heights, Gold dinar, Hadath, Hamdan ibn Hamdun, Hamdanid dynasty, Harran, Hemiparesis, Hijri year, Homs, Hugh N. Kennedy, Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn ibn Hamdan, Ibn al-Zayyat (governor of Tarsus), Ibn Hawqal, Ibn Jinni, Ibn Khallikan, Ibn Nubata (preacher), Ikhshidid dynasty, Iranian peoples, Iraq, Italian Renaissance, Jihad, John I Tzimiskes, John Kourkouas, Jund Hims, Jund Qinnasrin, Kahramanmaraş, Kaysites, Kharijite Rebellion (866–896), Kingdom of Vaspurakan, Kitab al-Aghani, Koloneia (theme), Konya, Kozan, Adana, Kurds, Lake Van, Leo Phokas the Younger, List of monarchs of Aleppo, Litter (vehicle), Lower Egypt, Lower Mesopotamia, Lykandos, Maarat al-Numan, Malatya, Mamluk Sultanate, Manbij, Marius Canard, Mark Whittow, Marzuban ibn Muhammad, Mirdasid dynasty, Monoculture, Mopsuestia, Mosul, Mounted archery, Mu'izz al-Dawla, Mu'nis al-Muzaffar, Muhammad ibn Ra'iq, Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, Nasir al-Dawla, Nikephoros II Phokas, Numayrid dynasty, Nusaybin, Orontes River, Palestine (region), Panegyric, Parakoimomenos, Paulicianism, Polyculture, Qadi, Qarghuyah, Qarmatians, Qays, Qinnasrin, Qom, Ramla, Raqqa, Rashiq al-Nasimi, Rum (endonym), Sa'd al-Dawla, Sabkhat al-Jabbul, Sack of Aleppo (962), Safar, Sallarid dynasty, Salmas, Samanid Empire, Samsat, Scorched earth, Shaizar, Sharif, Shia Islam, Siege of Chandax, Silvan, Diyarbakır, Sunni Islam, Surat Al-Ard, Suruç, Taghlib, Tanukhids, Taron (historic Armenia), Tarsus, Mersin, Tartus, Tayy, Theme (Byzantine district), Thierry Bianquis, Transoxiana, Treaty of Safar, Tributary state, Tulunids, Turkic peoples, Tuzun (amir al-umara), Twelver Shi'ism, Umayyad Caliphate, Vizier, Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate), Wasit.

Sayf al-Dawla, the Glossary

Table of Contents