Serica, the Glossary
Serica (Σηρικά) was one of the easternmost countries of Asia known to the Ancient Greek and Roman geographers.[1]
Table of Contents
135 relations: Alexandria, Altai Mountains, Ammianus Marcellinus, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Ancient Rome, Antiquities of the Jews, Antoninus Pius, Apollodorus of Artemita, Asia, Óc Eo, Back-formation, Bactria, Bombyx mori, Byzantine Empire, Caspian Sea, Cathay, Cattigara, Central Asia, Changsha, China, Christian Lassen, Classical antiquity, Classics, Claudius, Country, Ctesias, Daqin, Dynasties of China, Ecumene, Eurasian Steppe, Ferdinand von Richthofen, Fordham University, Funan, Geographica, Geography (Ptolemy), Gobi Desert, Golden Chersonese, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Han Chinese, Han dynasty, Hanoi, Henry Yule, Himalayas, Hinduism, History of geography, History of the Han dynasty, Ho Chi Minh City, Horace, Human cannibalism, ... Expand index (85 more) »
- China-Roman Empire relations
- Foreign relations of ancient Rome
- Indo-European peoples
- Names of China
- Tocharians
Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
Altai Mountains
The Altai Mountains, also spelled Altay Mountains, are a mountain range in Central Asia and Eastern Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan converge, and where the rivers Irtysh and Ob have their headwaters.
See Serica and Altai Mountains
Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicised as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born, died 400), was a Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius).
See Serica and Ammianus Marcellinus
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Antiquities of the Jews
Antiquities of the Jews (Antiquitates Iudaicae; Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία, Ioudaikē archaiologia) is a 20-volume historiographical work, written in Greek, by historian Josephus in the 13th year of the reign of Roman emperor Domitian, which was 94 CE.
See Serica and Antiquities of the Jews
Antoninus Pius
Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius (19 September AD 86 – 7 March 161) was Roman emperor from AD 138 to 161.
Apollodorus of Artemita
Apollodorus of Artemita (Ἀπολλόδωρος Ἀρτεμιτηνός) was a Greek historian who flourished between 130 and 87 BC.
See Serica and Apollodorus of Artemita
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
See Serica and Asia
Óc Eo
Óc Eo (Vietnamese) is an archaeological site in modern-day Óc Eo commune of Thoại Sơn District in An Giang Province of southern Vietnam.
See Serica and Óc Eo
Back-formation
In etymology, back-formation is the process or result of creating a new word via inflection, typically by removing or substituting actual or supposed affixes from a lexical item, in a way that expands the number of lexemes associated with the corresponding root word.
Bactria
Bactria (Bactrian: βαχλο, Bakhlo), or Bactriana, was an ancient Iranian civilization in Central Asia based in the area south of the Oxus River (modern Amu Darya) and north of the mountains of the Hindu Kush, an area within the north of modern Afghanistan.
Bombyx mori
Bombyx mori, commonly known as the domestic silk moth, is a moth species belonging to the family Bombycidae.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Serica and Byzantine Empire
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.
Cathay
Cathay is a historical name for China that was used in Europe. Serica and Cathay are names of China.
Cattigara
Cattigara is the name of a major port city located on the Magnus Sinus described by various antiquity sources.
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
Changsha
Changsha is the capital and the largest city of Hunan Province of China.
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
See Serica and China
Christian Lassen
Christian Lassen (22 October 1800 – 8 May 1876) was a Norwegian-born, German orientalist and Indologist.
See Serica and Christian Lassen
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
See Serica and Classical antiquity
Classics
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.
Claudius
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August – 13 October) was a Roman emperor, ruling from to 54.
Country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity.
Ctesias
Ctesias (Κτησίᾱς; fl. fifth century BC), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire.
Daqin
Daqin (alternative transliterations include Tachin, Tai-Ch'in) is the ancient Chinese name for the Roman Empire or, depending on context, the Near East, especially Syria. Serica and Daqin are China-Roman Empire relations and Foreign relations of ancient Rome.
See Serica and Daqin
Dynasties of China
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.
See Serica and Dynasties of China
Ecumene
In ancient Greece, the term ecumene (U.S.) or oecumene (UK) denoted the known, inhabited, or habitable world.
Eurasian Steppe
The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or The Steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome.
See Serica and Eurasian Steppe
Ferdinand von Richthofen
Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen (5 May 18336 October 1905), better known in English as was a German traveller, geographer, and scientist.
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Fordham University
Fordham University is a private Jesuit research university in New York City.
See Serica and Fordham University
Funan
Funan (Hvunân,; Phù Nam, Chữ Hán: 夫南) was the name given by Chinese cartographers, geographers and writers to an ancient Indianized state—or, rather a loose network of states (Mandala)—located in mainland Southeast Asia covering parts of present-day Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam that existed from the first to sixth century CE.
See Serica and Funan
Geographica
The Geographica (Γεωγραφικά, Geōgraphiká; Geographica or Strabonis Rerum Geographicarum Libri XVII, "Strabo's 17 Books on Geographical Topics") or Geography, is an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge, consisting of 17 'books', written in Greek in the late 1st century BC, or early 1st century AD, and attributed to Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman Empire of Greek descent.
Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις,, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.
See Serica and Geography (Ptolemy)
Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert (Говь) is a large, cold desert and grassland region in northern China and southern Mongolia and is the sixth largest desert in the world.
Golden Chersonese
The Golden Chersonese or Golden Khersonese (Χρυσῆ Χερσόνησος, Chrysḗ Chersónēsos; Chersonesus Aurea), meaning the Golden Peninsula, was the name used for the Malay Peninsula by Greek and Roman geographers in classical antiquity, most famously in Claudius Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography.
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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (lit) was a Greek state of the Hellenistic period located in Central Asia.
See Serica and Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese or the Han people, or colloquially known as the Chinese are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. Serica and Han Chinese are ancient peoples of China.
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.
Hanoi
Hanoi (Hà Nội) is the capital and second-most populous city of Vietnam.
See Serica and Hanoi
Henry Yule
Colonel Sir Henry Yule (1 May 1820 – 30 December 1889) was a Scottish Orientalist and geographer.
Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya.
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
History of geography
The history of geography includes many histories of geography which have differed over time and between different cultural and political groups.
See Serica and History of geography
History of the Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) was the second imperial dynasty of China.
See Serica and History of the Han dynasty
Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC; Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh), commonly referred to by its former name Saigon (Sài Gòn), is the most populous city in Vietnam, with a population of around 10 million in 2023.
See Serica and Ho Chi Minh City
Horace
Quintus Horatius Flaccus (8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC),Suetonius,. commonly known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."Quintilian 10.1.96.
Human cannibalism
Human cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings.
See Serica and Human cannibalism
Hunan
Hunan is an inland province of China.
See Serica and Hunan
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approx.
Indica (Ctesias)
Indica (Ἰνδικά Indika) is a book by the classical Greek physician Ctesias purporting to describe the Indian subcontinent.
See Serica and Indica (Ctesias)
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Serica and Indo-European languages
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Issedones
The Issedones (Ἰσσηδόνες) were an ancient people of Central Asia at the end of the trade route leading north-east from Scythia, described in the lost Arimaspeia of Aristeas, by Herodotus in his History (IV.16-25) and by Ptolemy in his Geography.
Jiaozhi
Jiaozhi (standard Chinese, pinyin: Jiāozhǐ), or Giao Chỉ, was a historical region ruled by various Chinese dynasties, corresponding to present-day northern Vietnam.
Jiaozhou (region)
Jiaozhou (Wade–Giles: Chiao1-Cho1; Giao Châu) was an imperial Chinese province under the Han and Jin dynasties.
See Serica and Jiaozhou (region)
Josephus
Flavius Josephus (Ἰώσηπος,; AD 37 – 100) was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader.
Julius Klaproth
Heinrich Julius Klaproth (11 October 1783 – 28 August 1835) was a German linguist, historian, ethnographer, author, orientalist and explorer.
See Serica and Julius Klaproth
Justinian I
Justinian I (Iūstīniānus,; Ioustinianós,; 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565.
Kangju
Kangju (Eastern Han Chinese: kʰɑŋ-kɨɑ Schuessler, Axel (2014) "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" in Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Series: Language and Linguistics Monograph. Issue 53. Serica and Kangju are indo-European peoples and Tocharians.
Kashgar
Kashgar (قەشقەر) or Kashi (c) is a city in the Tarim Basin region of southern Xinjiang, China. Serica and Kashgar are ancient peoples of China.
Korean language
Korean (South Korean: 한국어, Hangugeo; North Korean: 조선말, Chosŏnmal) is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent.
See Serica and Korean language
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Serica and Latin
List of Byzantine emperors
The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.
See Serica and List of Byzantine emperors
List of glassware
Typical drinkware This list of glassware includes drinking vessels (drinkware) and tableware used to set a table for eating a meal, general glass items such as vases, and glasses used in the catering industry.
See Serica and List of glassware
Magnus Sinus
The Magnus Sinus or Sinus Magnus (Latin; ὀ Μέγας Κόλπος, o Mégas Kólpos), also anglicized as the was the form of the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea known to Greek, Roman, Arab, Persian, and Renaissance cartographers before the Age of Discovery.
Malay Peninsula
The Malay Peninsula is located in Mainland Southeast Asia.
See Serica and Malay Peninsula
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia.
Manchu language
Manchu (Manchu:, Romanization) is a critically endangered East Asian Tungusic language native to the historical region of Manchuria in Northeast China.
See Serica and Manchu language
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (English:; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher.
See Serica and Marcus Aurelius
Maritime Silk Road
The Maritime Silk Road or Maritime Silk Route is the maritime section of the historic Silk Road that connected Southeast Asia, East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian Peninsula, eastern Africa, and Europe. Serica and maritime Silk Road are Foreign relations of ancient Rome.
See Serica and Maritime Silk Road
Mawangdui
Mawangdui is an archaeological site located in Changsha, China.
Medal
A medal or medallion is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides.
See Serica and Medal
Mekong Delta
The Mekong Delta (lit or simply label), also known as the Western Region (Miền Tây) or South-western region (Tây Nam Bộ), is the region in southwestern Vietnam where the Mekong River approaches and empties into the sea through a network of distributaries.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Mongolian language
Mongolian is the principal language of the Mongolic language family that originated in the Mongolian Plateau.
See Serica and Mongolian language
Mount Imeon
Mount Imeon is an ancient name for the Central Asian complex of mountain ranges comprising the present Hindu Kush, Pamir and Tian Shan, extending from the Zagros Mountains in the southwest to the Altay Mountains in the northeast, and linked to the Kunlun, Karakoram and Himalayas to the southeast.
Names of China
The names of China include the many contemporary and historical designations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as in Standard Chinese, a form based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin.
Natural History (Pliny)
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a Latin work by Pliny the Elder.
See Serica and Natural History (Pliny)
Nerva–Antonine dynasty
The Nerva–Antonine dynasty comprised seven Roman emperors who ruled from AD 96 to 192: Nerva (96–98), Trajan (98–117), Hadrian (117–138), Antoninus Pius (138–161), Marcus Aurelius (161–180), Lucius Verus (161–169), and Commodus (177–192).
See Serica and Nerva–Antonine dynasty
Nestorianism
Nestorianism is a term used in Christian theology and Church history to refer to several mutually related but doctrinarily distinct sets of teachings.
Noil
Noil refers to the short fibers that are removed during the combing process in spinning.
See Serica and Noil
North China
North China is a geographical region of China, consisting of two direct-administered municipalities (Beijing and Tianjin), two provinces (Hebei and Shanxi), and one autonomous region (Inner Mongolia).
Northern Wei
Wei, known in historiography as the Northern Wei, Tuoba Wei, Yuan Wei and Later Wei, was an imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Tuoba (Tabgach) clan of the Xianbei.
Oceanus
In Greek mythology, Oceanus (Ὠκεανός, also Ὠγενός, Ὤγενος, or Ὠγήν) was a Titan son of Uranus and Gaia, the husband of his sister the Titan Tethys, and the father of the river gods and the Oceanids, as well as being the great river which encircled the entire world.
Old Chinese
Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese.
Onesicritus
Onesicritus (Ὀνησίκριτος; c. 360 BC – c. 290 BC), a Greek historical writer and Cynic philosopher, who accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaigns in Asia.
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.
Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains are a range of mountains between Central Asia and South Asia.
See Serica and Pamir Mountains
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.
See Serica and Parthian Empire
Pausanias (geographer)
Pausanias (Παυσανίας) was a Greek traveler and geographer of the second century AD.
See Serica and Pausanias (geographer)
Phryni
The Phryni (Φρύνοι) were an ancient people of eastern Central Asia, probably located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin, in an area connected to that of the Seres and the Tocharians. Serica and Phryni are ancient peoples of China and Tocharians.
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
See Serica and Pliny the Elder
Pomponius Mela
Pomponius Mela, who wrote around AD 43, was the earliest known Roman geographer.
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.
Ptolemy's world map
The Ptolemy world map is a map of the world known to Greco-Roman societies in the 2nd century. Serica and Ptolemy's world map are Foreign relations of ancient Rome.
See Serica and Ptolemy's world map
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China.
Rafe de Crespigny
Richard Rafe Champion de Crespigny (born 1936), also known by his Chinese name Zhang Leifu, is an Australian sinologist and historian.
See Serica and Rafe de Crespigny
Reconstructions of Old Chinese
Although Old Chinese is known from written records beginning around 1200 BC, the logographic script provides much more indirect and partial information about the pronunciation of the language than alphabetic systems used elsewhere.
See Serica and Reconstructions of Old Chinese
Roman commerce
Roman commerce was a major sector of the Roman economy during the later generations of the Republic and throughout most of the imperial period. Serica and Roman commerce are Foreign relations of ancient Rome.
Saka
The Saka were a group of nomadic Eastern Iranian peoples who historically inhabited the northern and eastern Eurasian Steppe and the Tarim Basin.
See Serica and Saka
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
See Serica and Sasanian Empire
Scythia
Scythia (Scythian: Skulatā; Old Persian: Skudra; Ancient Greek: Skuthia; Latin: Scythia) or Scythica (Ancient Greek: Skuthikē; Latin: Scythica), also known as Pontic Scythia, was a kingdom created by the Scythians during the 6th to 3rd centuries BC in the Pontic–Caspian steppe.
Scythians
The Scythians or Scyths (but note Scytho- in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.
Sericulture
Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.
Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.
See Serica and Silk
Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. Serica and Silk Road are China-Roman Empire relations and Foreign relations of ancient Rome.
Sino-Roman relations
Sino-Roman relations comprised the (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various successive Chinese dynasties that followed. Serica and Sino-Roman relations are China-Roman Empire relations and Foreign relations of ancient Rome.
See Serica and Sino-Roman relations
Smuggling of silkworm eggs into the Roman Empire
In the mid-6th century CE, two monks, with the support of the Roman emperor Justinian I, acquired and smuggled living silkworms into the Roman Empire, which led to the establishment of an indigenous Roman silk industry that long held a silk monopoly in Europe.
See Serica and Smuggling of silkworm eggs into the Roman Empire
Sogdia
Sogdia or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and in present-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period in Chinese history lasted approximately from 770 to 481 BCE which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period.
See Serica and Spring and Autumn period
Stadion (unit)
The stadion (plural stadia, στάδιον; latinized as stadium), also anglicized as stade, was an ancient Greek unit of length, consisting of 600 Ancient Greek feet (podes).
Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
Taprobana
Taprobana (Taprobana; Ταπροβανᾶ), Trapobana, and Taprobane (Ταπροβανῆ, Ταπροβάνη) was the name by which the Indian Ocean island of Sri Lanka was known to the ancient Greeks.
Tarim Basin
The Tarim Basin is an endorheic basin in Xinjiang, Northwestern China occupying an area of about and one of the largest basins in Northwest China.
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.
Tocharians
The Tocharians or Tokharians were speakers of the Tocharian languages, Indo-European languages known from around 7,600 documents from around AD 400 to 1200, found on the northern edge of the Tarim Basin (modern-day Xinjiang, China). Serica and Tocharians are ancient peoples of China and indo-European peoples.
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.
Twenty-Four Histories
The Twenty-Four Histories, also known as the Orthodox Histories, are the Chinese official dynastic histories covering from the earliest dynasty in 3000 BC to the Ming dynasty in the 17th century.
See Serica and Twenty-Four Histories
Varieties of Chinese
There are hundreds of local Chinese language varieties forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, many of which are not mutually intelligible.
See Serica and Varieties of Chinese
Vedas
The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
See Serica and Vedas
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (traditional dates 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period.
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
Xinjiang
Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.
Xiongnu
The Xiongnu were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Serica and Xiongnu are ancient peoples of China.
Yarkant County
Yarkant County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also Shache County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also transliterated from Uyghur as Yakan County, is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, located on the southern rim of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin.
Yellow River
The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China, after the Yangtze; with an estimated length of it is the sixth-longest river system on Earth.
Yu Ying-shih
Yu Ying-shih (22 January 1930 – 1 August 2021) was a Chinese-born American historian, sinologist, and the Gordon Wu '58 Professor of Chinese Studies, Emeritus, at Princeton University.
Yuezhi
The Yuezhi were an ancient people first described in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat at the hands of the Xiongnu in 176 BC, the Yuezhi split into two groups migrating in different directions: the Greater Yuezhi (Dà Yuèzhī 大月氏) and Lesser Yuezhi (Xiǎo Yuèzhī 小月氏). Serica and Yuezhi are ancient peoples of China and indo-European peoples.
Zhang Qian
Zhang Qian (died c. 114 BC) was a Chinese diplomat, explorer, and politician who served as an imperial envoy to the world outside of China in the late 2nd century BC during the Western Han dynasty.
Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty was a royal dynasty of China that existed for 789 years from until 256 BC, the longest of such reign in Chinese history.
See also
China-Roman Empire relations
Foreign relations of ancient Rome
- Amicitia
- Berber kings of Roman-era Tunisia
- Crisis of the Roman Republic
- Daqin
- Donations of Alexandria
- Fetial
- Foederati
- Foreign influences on Pompeii
- Foreign relations of the Byzantine Empire
- Germanic–Roman contacts
- Greco-Roman relations in classical antiquity
- Gulussa
- Indo-Roman relations
- Interpretatio graeca
- Itinerarium Alexandri
- Kingdom of Soissons
- Latin League
- Maritime Silk Road
- Mastanabal
- Micipsa
- Parandzem
- Pax Romana
- Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
- Periplus of the Euxine Sea
- Ptolemy's world map
- Roman commerce
- Roman influence in Caucasian Albania
- Roman relations with Nubia
- Roman relations with the Armenians
- Roman–Iranian relations
- Romano-British culture
- Serica
- Silk Road
- Sino-Roman relations
- Vardandukht
- Vramshapuh
- Zarmandukht
- Zruanduxt
Indo-European peoples
- Adriatic Veneti
- Albanians
- Anatolian peoples
- Ancient Greeks
- Armenians
- Balts
- Celts
- Cimmerians
- Dardani
- Dardanians
- Germanic peoples
- Greeks
- Illyrians
- Indo-Iranian peoples
- Indo-Iranians
- Italic peoples
- Kangju
- Ligures
- List of ancient Armeno-Phrygian peoples and tribes
- List of ancient Corsican and Sardinian tribes
- Lusitanians
- Luwians
- Ordos culture
- Paeonians
- Phrygians
- Proto-Indo-Europeans
- Serica
- Slavs
- Thracians
- Tocharians
- Vahumpura
- Vistula Veneti
- Wusun
- Yuezhi
Names of China
- Cathay
- Celestial Empire
- Chinese Empire
- Four Seas
- He zun
- Huaxia
- Names of China
- Names of the Qing dynasty
- Nine Provinces
- Serica
- Shina (word)
- Soil and grain
- Tianxia
Tocharians
- Kangju
- Karasahr
- List of Tocharian (Agnean-Kuchean) peoples
- Phryni
- Serica
- Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
- Tocharian clothing
- Tocharian languages
- Tocharian script
- Tocharians
- Tottika
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serica
Also known as Σῆρες.
, Hunan, Indian Ocean, Indica (Ctesias), Indo-European languages, Indonesia, Issedones, Jiaozhi, Jiaozhou (region), Josephus, Julius Klaproth, Justinian I, Kangju, Kashgar, Korean language, Latin, List of Byzantine emperors, List of glassware, Magnus Sinus, Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, Manchu language, Marcus Aurelius, Maritime Silk Road, Mawangdui, Medal, Mekong Delta, Middle Ages, Mongolian language, Mount Imeon, Names of China, Natural History (Pliny), Nerva–Antonine dynasty, Nestorianism, Noil, North China, Northern Wei, Oceanus, Old Chinese, Onesicritus, Pacific Ocean, Pamir Mountains, Parthian Empire, Pausanias (geographer), Phryni, Pliny the Elder, Pomponius Mela, Ptolemy, Ptolemy's world map, Qin dynasty, Rafe de Crespigny, Reconstructions of Old Chinese, Roman commerce, Saka, Sasanian Empire, Scythia, Scythians, Sericulture, Silk, Silk Road, Sino-Roman relations, Smuggling of silkworm eggs into the Roman Empire, Sogdia, Southeast Asia, Spring and Autumn period, Stadion (unit), Strabo, Taprobana, Tarim Basin, Thailand, Tocharians, Turkic peoples, Twenty-Four Histories, Varieties of Chinese, Vedas, Vietnam, Virgil, West Asia, Xinjiang, Xiongnu, Yarkant County, Yellow River, Yu Ying-shih, Yuezhi, Zhang Qian, Zhou dynasty.