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Sewall Wright, the Glossary

Sewall Green Wright FRS (For) Honorary FRSE (December 21, 1889March 3, 1988) was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis.^[1]

98 relations: Aerospace engineering, Allele frequency, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Mathematical Society, American Philosophical Society, Animal breeding, Balzan Prize, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Biology, Breed registry, Bussey Institution, Carl Sandburg, Causal graph, Charles Darwin, Charles Hartshorne, Coefficient of determination, Coefficient of inbreeding, Coefficient of relationship, Computational statistics, Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal, Darwin Medal, Doctor of Science, Doctorate, Effective population size, Enzyme, Ernst Mayr, Evolution, Evolutionary landscape, F-statistics, Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Fitness (biology), Fitness landscape, Fixation index, G. Ledyard Stebbins, Galesburg High School, Gene flow, Genetic drift, Genetic rescue, Geneticist, Genetics, George Gaylord Simpson, Graphical model, Guinea pig, Harvard University, Inbreeding, Internet Archive, J. B. S. Haldane, Jay Laurence Lush, Journal of the History of Biology, ... Expand index (48 more) »
Bussey Institution alumni
Lombard College alumni
Panpsychism
Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists

Aerospace engineering

Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft.

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Allele frequency

Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage.

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American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States.

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American Mathematical Society

The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs.

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American Philosophical Society

The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach.

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Animal breeding

Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation (using best linear unbiased prediction and other methods) of the genetic value (estimated breeding value, EBV) of livestock.

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Balzan Prize

The International Balzan Prize Foundation awards four annual monetary prizes to people or organizations who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of humanities, natural sciences, culture, as well as for endeavours for peace and the brotherhood of man.

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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

The Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society is an academic journal on the history of science published annually by the Royal Society.

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Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life.

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Breed registry

A breed registry, also known as a herdbook, studbook or register, in animal husbandry, the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known.

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Bussey Institution

The Bussey Institute (1883–1936) was a respected biological institute at Harvard University.

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Carl Sandburg

Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor. Sewall Wright and Carl Sandburg are Lombard College alumni.

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Causal graph

In statistics, econometrics, epidemiology, genetics and related disciplines, causal graphs (also known as path diagrams, causal Bayesian networks or DAGs) are probabilistic graphical models used to encode assumptions about the data-generating process.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.

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Charles Hartshorne

Charles Hartshorne (June 5, 1897 – October 9, 2000) was an American philosopher who concentrated primarily on the philosophy of religion and metaphysics, but also contributed to ornithology.

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Coefficient of determination

In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R2 or r2 and pronounced "R squared", is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s).

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Coefficient of inbreeding

The coefficient of inbreeding (COI) is a number measuring how inbred an individual is.

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Coefficient of relationship

The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals.

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Computational statistics

Computational statistics, or statistical computing, is the study which is the intersection of statistics and computer science, and refers to the statistical methods that are enabled by using computational methods.

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Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal

The Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences "for meritorious work in zoology or paleontology study published in a three- to five-year period." Named after Daniel Giraud Elliot, it was first awarded in 1917.

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Darwin Medal

The Darwin Medal is one of the medals awarded by the Royal Society for "distinction in evolution, biological diversity and developmental, population and organismal biology".

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Doctor of Science

A Doctor of Science (Scientiae Doctor; most commonly abbreviated DSc or ScD) is a science doctorate awarded in a number of countries throughout the world.

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Doctorate

A doctorate (from Latin doctor, meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism licentia docendi ("licence to teach").

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Effective population size

The effective population size (Ne) is size of an idealised population would experience the same rate of genetic drift or increase in inbreeding as in the real population.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

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Ernst Mayr

Ernst Walter Mayr (5 July 1904 – 3 February 2005) was a German-American evolutionary biologist. Sewall Wright and Ernst Mayr are evolutionary biologists, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, modern synthesis (20th century), national Medal of Science laureates and Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists.

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Evolution

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Evolutionary landscape

An evolutionary landscape is a metaphorWright, Sewall (1932) The Roles of Mutation, Inbreeding, Crossbreeding, and Selection in Evolution.

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F-statistics

In population genetics, F-statistics (also known as fixation indices) describe the statistically expected level of heterozygosity in a population; more specifically the expected degree of (usually) a reduction in heterozygosity when compared to Hardy–Weinberg expectation.

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Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science".

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Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject".

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Fitness (biology)

Fitness (often denoted w or ω in population genetics models) is a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success. Sewall Wright and Fitness (biology) are modern synthesis (20th century).

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Fitness landscape

In evolutionary biology, fitness landscapes or adaptive landscapes (types of evolutionary landscapes) are used to visualize the relationship between genotypes and reproductive success. Sewall Wright and fitness landscape are modern synthesis (20th century).

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Fixation index

The fixation index (FST) is a measure of population differentiation due to genetic structure.

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G. Ledyard Stebbins

George Ledyard Stebbins Jr. (January 6, 1906 – January 19, 2000) was an American botanist and geneticist who is widely regarded as one of the leading evolutionary biologists of the 20th century. Sewall Wright and g. Ledyard Stebbins are Foreign Members of the Royal Society, modern synthesis (20th century) and national Medal of Science laureates.

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Galesburg High School

Galesburg Junior Senior High School (also known as Galesburg High School) is a public high school in Galesburg, Illinois.

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Gene flow

In population genetics, gene flow (also known as migration and allele flow) is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another.

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Genetic drift

Genetic drift, also known as random genetic drift, allelic drift or the Wright effect, refers to random fluctuations in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population.

See Sewall Wright and Genetic drift

Genetic rescue

Genetic rescue is seen as a mitigation strategy designed to restore genetic diversity and reduce extinction risks in small, isolated and frequently inbred populations.

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Geneticist

A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.

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George Gaylord Simpson

George Gaylord Simpson (June 16, 1902 – October 6, 1984) was an American paleontologist. Sewall Wright and George Gaylord Simpson are Foreign Members of the Royal Society and national Medal of Science laureates.

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Graphical model

A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model (PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables.

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Guinea pig

The guinea pig or domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), also known as the cavy or domestic cavy, is a species of rodent belonging to the genus Cavia in the family Caviidae.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.

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J. B. S. Haldane

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (5 November 18921 December 1964), nicknamed "Jack" or "JBS", was a British-Indian scientist who worked in physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics. Sewall Wright and J. B. S. Haldane are modern synthesis (20th century) and population geneticists.

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Jay Laurence Lush

Jay Laurence Lush (January 3, 1896 – May 22, 1982) was a pioneering animal geneticist who made important contributions to livestock breeding. Sewall Wright and Jay Laurence Lush are national Medal of Science laureates.

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Journal of the History of Biology

The Journal of the History of Biology is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of biology as well as philosophical and social issues confronting biology.

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Judea Pearl

Judea Pearl (born September 4, 1936) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and philosopher, best known for championing the probabilistic approach to artificial intelligence and the development of Bayesian networks (see the article on belief propagation).

See Sewall Wright and Judea Pearl

Julian Huxley

Sir Julian Sorell Huxley (22 June 1887 – 14 February 1975) was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist. Sewall Wright and Julian Huxley are modern synthesis (20th century).

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Lombard College

Lombard College was a Universalist college located in Galesburg, Illinois.

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Machine learning

Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions.

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Madison, Wisconsin

Madison is the capital city of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County.

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Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

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Mathematics

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.

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Mating system

A mating system is a way in which a group is structured in relation to sexual behaviour.

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Melrose, Massachusetts

Melrose is a city located in the Greater Boston metropolitan area in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.

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Michael Ghiselin

Michael T. Ghiselin (born May 13, 1939; died June 14, 2024) was an American biologist and philosopher as well as historian of biology, formerly at the California Academy of Sciences.

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Modern synthesis (20th century)

The modern synthesis was the early 20th-century synthesis of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity into a joint mathematical framework. Sewall Wright and modern synthesis (20th century) are history of genetics.

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Mutation

In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

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National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

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National Medal of Science

The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

See Sewall Wright and Natural selection

OpenMx

OpenMx is an open source program for extended structural equation modeling.

See Sewall Wright and OpenMx

Panpsychism

In the philosophy of mind, panpsychism is the view that the mind or a mind-like aspect is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality.

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Path analysis (statistics)

In statistics, path analysis is used to describe the directed dependencies among a set of variables.

See Sewall Wright and Path analysis (statistics)

Philip Green Wright

Philip Green Wright (October 3, 1861 – September 4, 1934) was an American economist who in 1928 first proposed the use of instrumental variables estimation as the earliest known solution to the identification problem in econometrics.

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Philosophy

Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.

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Plant breeding

Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.

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Political science

Political science is the scientific study of politics.

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Population

Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area.

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Population genetics

Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.

See Sewall Wright and Population genetics

Punctuated equilibrium

In evolutionary biology, punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory that proposes that once a species appears in the fossil record, the population will become stable, showing little evolutionary change for most of its geological history. Sewall Wright and punctuated equilibrium are modern synthesis (20th century).

See Sewall Wright and Punctuated equilibrium

Quantitative genetics

Quantitative genetics is the study of quantitative traits, which are phenotypes that vary continuously—such as height or mass—as opposed to phenotypes and gene-products that are discretely identifiable—such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical.

See Sewall Wright and Quantitative genetics

Quincy Wright

Philip Quincy Wright (December 28, 1890 – October 17, 1970) was an American political scientist based at the University of Chicago known for his pioneering work and expertise in international law, international relations, and security studies. Sewall Wright and Quincy Wright are Lombard College alumni.

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Regression analysis

In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome' or 'response' variable, or a 'label' in machine learning parlance) and one or more independent variables (often called 'predictors', 'covariates', 'explanatory variables' or 'features').

See Sewall Wright and Regression analysis

Ronald Fisher

Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British polymath who was active as a mathematician, statistician, biologist, geneticist, and academic. Sewall Wright and Ronald Fisher are history of genetics, modern synthesis (20th century), population geneticists and Theistic evolutionists.

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Royal Society

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.

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Shifting balance theory

The shifting balance theory is a theory of evolution proposed in 1932 by Sewall Wright, suggesting that adaptive evolution may proceed most quickly when a population divides into subpopulations with restricted gene flow.

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Statistics

Statistics (from German: Statistik, "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

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Stephen Jay Gould

Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.

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The Book of Why

The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect is a 2018 nonfiction book by computer scientist Judea Pearl and writer Dana Mackenzie.

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The Structure of Evolutionary Theory

The Structure of Evolutionary Theory (2002) is Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould's technical book on macroevolution and the historical development of evolutionary theory.

See Sewall Wright and The Structure of Evolutionary Theory

Theodore Paul Wright

Theodore Paul Wright (May 25, 1895 – August 21, 1970), also known as T. P. Wright, was a U.S. aeronautical engineer and educator. Sewall Wright and Theodore Paul Wright are Lombard College alumni.

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Theodosius Dobzhansky

Theodosius Grigorievich Dobzhansky (Феодо́сий Григо́рьевич Добржа́нский; Теодо́сій Григо́рович Добржа́нський; January 25, 1900 – December 18, 1975) was an American geneticist and evolutionary biologist. Sewall Wright and Theodosius Dobzhansky are evolutionary biologists, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, modern synthesis (20th century), national Medal of Science laureates, Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists and Theistic evolutionists.

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Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal

The Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal is awarded by the Genetics Society of America (GSA) for lifetime contributions to the field of genetics.

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Threshold model

In mathematical or statistical modeling a threshold model is any model where a threshold value, or set of threshold values, is used to distinguish ranges of values where the behaviour predicted by the model varies in some important way.

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Unitarianism

Unitarianism is a nontrinitarian branch of Christianity.

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United States Department of Agriculture

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an executive department of the United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewall_Wright

Also known as Sewall G. Wright, Sewall Green Wright.

, Judea Pearl, Julian Huxley, Lombard College, Machine learning, Madison, Wisconsin, Mammal, Mathematics, Mating system, Melrose, Massachusetts, Michael Ghiselin, Modern synthesis (20th century), Mutation, National Academy of Sciences, National Medal of Science, Natural selection, OpenMx, Panpsychism, Path analysis (statistics), Philip Green Wright, Philosophy, Plant breeding, Political science, Population, Population genetics, Punctuated equilibrium, Quantitative genetics, Quincy Wright, Regression analysis, Ronald Fisher, Royal Society, Shifting balance theory, Statistics, Stephen Jay Gould, The Book of Why, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, Theodore Paul Wright, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal, Threshold model, Unitarianism, United States Department of Agriculture, Universalism, University of Chicago, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Weldon Memorial Prize, Wilhelmine Key, William E. Castle.

Sewall Wright, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Bussey Institution alumni

Lombard College alumni

Panpsychism

Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists

References