Shipwreck, the Glossary
A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is located either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water.[1]
Table of Contents
125 relations: Abandoned Shipwrecks Act, Admiralty law, Aerial bomb, Amphora, Analog computer, Antikythera mechanism, Archaeological Institute of America, Arctic, Arsenic, Artificial reef, Bacteria, BBC, BBC News, BBC Online, BBC World Service, BMW, Boiler, Branscombe, Brass, Breakwater (structure), Cannon, Cargo, Caribbean, Cattewater Wreck, Celtic Sea, Chemical weapon, Colonization, Condenser (heat transfer), Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts, Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Corrosion, Cyclone Kyrill, Depth charge, Diaper, Encyclopedia of Earth, Finders, keepers, Finnmark, Fire, Flotsam, jetsam, lagan and derelict, Fresh water, German trawler V 1302 John Mahn, Ghost ship, Glacier, Great Lakes, Greece, Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland, Gytheio, Heavy metals, Hinge, ... Expand index (75 more) »
Abandoned Shipwrecks Act
The Abandoned Shipwrecks Act is a piece of United States legislation passed into law in 1988 meant to protect historic shipwrecks in US waters from treasure hunters and unauthorised salvagers by transferring the title to the wreck to the US state whose waters it lies in.
See Shipwreck and Abandoned Shipwrecks Act
Admiralty law
Admiralty law or maritime law is a body of law that governs nautical issues and private maritime disputes. Shipwreck and Admiralty law are law of the sea.
See Shipwreck and Admiralty law
Aerial bomb
An aerial bomb is a type of explosive or incendiary weapon intended to travel through the air on a predictable trajectory.
Amphora
An amphora (ἀμφορεύς|; English) is a type of container with a pointed bottom and characteristic shape and size which fit tightly (and therefore safely) against each other in storage rooms and packages, tied together with rope and delivered by land or sea.
Analog computer
An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computation machine (computer) that uses the continuous variation aspect of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities (analog signals) to model the problem being solved.
See Shipwreck and Analog computer
Antikythera mechanism
The Antikythera mechanism is an Ancient Greek hand-powered orrery (model of the Solar System), described as the oldest known example of an analogue computer used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance.
See Shipwreck and Antikythera mechanism
Archaeological Institute of America
The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) is North America's oldest society and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology.
See Shipwreck and Archaeological Institute of America
Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and the atomic number 33.
Artificial reef
An artificial reef (AR) is a human-created freshwater or marine benthic structure.
See Shipwreck and Artificial reef
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
BBC Online
BBC Online, formerly known as BBCi, is the BBC's online service.
BBC World Service
The BBC World Service is an international broadcaster owned and operated by the BBC.
See Shipwreck and BBC World Service
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, commonly abbreviated to BMW, is a German multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles and motorcycles headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
Boiler
A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated.
Branscombe
Branscombe is a village in the East Devon district of the English County of Devon.
Brass
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 66% copper and 34% zinc.
Breakwater (structure)
A breakwater is a permanent structure constructed at a coastal area to protect against tides, currents, waves, and storm surges.
See Shipwreck and Breakwater (structure)
Cannon
A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant.
Cargo
In transportation, freight refers to goods conveyed by land, water or air, while cargo refers specifically to freight when conveyed via water or air.
Caribbean
The Caribbean (el Caribe; les Caraïbes; de Caraïben) is a subregion of the Americas that includes the Caribbean Sea and its islands, some of which are surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some of which border both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; the nearby coastal areas on the mainland are sometimes also included in the region.
Cattewater Wreck
Cattewater Wreck is a wooden three-masted, skeleton-built vessel, one of many ships that have wrecked in Cattewater, Plymouth Sound, England.
See Shipwreck and Cattewater Wreck
Celtic Sea
The Celtic Sea is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of Ireland bounded to the north by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany.
Chemical weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans.
See Shipwreck and Chemical weapon
Colonization
independence. Colonization (British English: colonisation) is a process of establishing control over foreign territories or peoples for the purpose of exploitation and possibly settlement, setting up coloniality and often colonies, commonly pursued and maintained by colonialism.
See Shipwreck and Colonization
Condenser (heat transfer)
In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a heat exchanger used to condense a gaseous substance into a liquid state through cooling.
See Shipwreck and Condenser (heat transfer)
Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts
The conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts is the process of caring for cultural heritage that has been part of a shipwreck. Shipwreck and conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts are shipwrecks.
See Shipwreck and Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts
Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
The Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage is a treaty that was adopted on 2 November 2001 by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
See Shipwreck and Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
Corrosion
Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide.
Cyclone Kyrill
Cyclone Kyrill was a low-pressure area that evolved into an unusually violent European windstorm, forming an extratropical cyclone with hurricane-strength winds.
See Shipwreck and Cyclone Kyrill
Depth charge
A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon designed to destroy submarines by detonating in the water near the target and subjecting it to a destructive hydraulic shock.
See Shipwreck and Depth charge
Diaper
A diaper (NAmE) or a nappy (BrE, AuE, IrE) is a type of underwear that allows the wearer to urinate or defecate without using a toilet, by absorbing or containing waste products to prevent soiling of outer clothing or the external environment.
Encyclopedia of Earth
The Encyclopedia of Earth (abbreviated EoE) is an electronic reference about the Earth, its natural environments, and their interaction with society.
See Shipwreck and Encyclopedia of Earth
Finders, keepers
Finders, keepers, sometimes extended as the children's rhyme finders, keepers; losers, weepers, is an English adage with the premise that when something is unowned or abandoned, whoever finds it first can claim it for themself permanently.
See Shipwreck and Finders, keepers
Finnmark
Finnmark (Finnmárku; Finmarkku; Finnmark; Финнмарк) is a county in the northern part of Norway.
Fire
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.
Flotsam, jetsam, lagan and derelict
In maritime law, flotsam, jetsam, lagan, and derelict are specific kinds of shipwreck.
See Shipwreck and Flotsam, jetsam, lagan and derelict
Fresh water
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.
German trawler V 1302 John Mahn
V 1302 John Mahn was a fishing trawler requisitioned during World War II by the Kriegsmarine for use as a Vorpostenboot.
See Shipwreck and German trawler V 1302 John Mahn
Ghost ship
A ghost ship, also known as a phantom ship, is a vessel with no living crew aboard; it may be a fictional ghostly vessel, such as the Flying Dutchman, or a physical derelict found adrift with its crew missing or dead, like the Mary Celeste.
Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes (Grands Lacs), also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the east-central interior of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River.
Greece
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.
Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (Pohjanlahti; Bottniska viken) is divided into the Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea, and it is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast (East Bothnia) and the northern part of Sweden's east coast (West Bothnia and North Bothnia).
See Shipwreck and Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Soome laht; Suomenlahti; p; Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea.
See Shipwreck and Gulf of Finland
Gytheio
Gytheio (Γύθειο) or Gythio, also the ancient Gythium or Gytheion (Γύθειον), is a town on the eastern shore of the Mani Peninsula, and a former municipality in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece.
pp.
See Shipwreck and Heavy metals
Hinge
A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them.
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.
Iron
Iron is a chemical element.
K'gari
K'gari, also known by its former name Fraser Island, is a World Heritage-listed sand island along the south-eastern coast in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia.
Lake Ontario
Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America.
See Shipwreck and Lake Ontario
Marine life
Marine life, sea life, or ocean life is the plants, animals, and other organisms that live in the salt water of seas or oceans, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.
Marine pollution
Marine pollution occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as industrial, agricultural and residential waste, particles, noise, excess carbon dioxide or invasive organisms enter the ocean and cause harmful effects there.
See Shipwreck and Marine pollution
Marine salvage
Marine salvage is the process of recovering a ship and its cargo after a shipwreck or other maritime casualty. Shipwreck and Marine salvage are law of the sea and shipwrecks.
See Shipwreck and Marine salvage
Maritime and Coastguard Agency
The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom that is responsible for implementing British and international maritime law and safety policy.
See Shipwreck and Maritime and Coastguard Agency
Maritime archaeology
Maritime archaeology (also known as marine archaeology) is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, shore-side facilities, port-related structures, cargoes, human remains and submerged landscapes.
See Shipwreck and Maritime archaeology
Merchant Shipping Act 1995
The Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (c. 21) is an act of Parliament passed in the United Kingdom in 1995.
See Shipwreck and Merchant Shipping Act 1995
Molasses Reef Wreck
The Molasses Reef Shipwreck is the site of a ship which wrecked in the Turks and Caicos Islands early in the 16th century.
See Shipwreck and Molasses Reef Wreck
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
Mutiny
Mutiny is a revolt among a group of people (typically of a military, of a crew, or of a crew of pirates) to oppose, change, or remove superiors or their orders.
MV Doña Paz
MV Doña Paz was a Japanese-built and Philippine-registered passenger ferry that sank after it collided with the oil tanker Vector on December 20, 1987.
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.
National Council for Science and the Environment
The National Council for Science and the Environment (NCSE) is a U.S.-based nonpartisan, non-profit organization which has a mission to improve the scientific basis of environmental decision-making.
See Shipwreck and National Council for Science and the Environment
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
See Shipwreck and Nazi Germany
North Carolina General Assembly
The North Carolina General Assembly is the bicameral legislature of the state government of North Carolina.
See Shipwreck and North Carolina General Assembly
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
Norway
Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
Nuestra Señora de Atocha
Nuestra Señora de Atocha (Our Lady of Atocha) was a Spanish treasure galleon and the most widely known vessel of a fleet of ships that sank in a hurricane off the Florida Keys in 1622.
See Shipwreck and Nuestra Señora de Atocha
Oil spill
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
PH
In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen").
See Shipwreck and PH
Phosphor bronze
Phosphor bronze is a member of the family of copper alloys.
See Shipwreck and Phosphor bronze
Pickles Reef
Pickles Reef is a small coral reef located within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
See Shipwreck and Pickles Reef
Piracy
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods. Shipwreck and Piracy are law of the sea.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple aromatic rings.
See Shipwreck and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
In Canada, the United States and Spain, a port authority (less commonly a port district) is a governmental or quasi-governmental public authority for a special-purpose district usually formed by a legislative body (or bodies) to operate ports and other transportation infrastructure.
See Shipwreck and Port authority
Pressure vessel
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure.
See Shipwreck and Pressure vessel
Prestige oil spill
The Prestige oil spill occurred off the coast of Galicia, Spain in November 2002, caused by the sinking of the 26-year-old, structurally deficient oil tanker, carrying 77,000 tonnes of heavy fuel oil.
See Shipwreck and Prestige oil spill
Propeller
A propeller (colloquially often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon a working fluid such as water or air.
Protection of Military Remains Act 1986
The Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 (1986 c. 35) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that provides protection for the wreckage of military aircraft and designated military vessels.
See Shipwreck and Protection of Military Remains Act 1986
Protection of Wrecks Act 1973
The Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 (c. 33) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which provides protection for designated shipwrecks.
See Shipwreck and Protection of Wrecks Act 1973
Receiver of Wreck
The Receiver of Wreck is an official who administers law dealing with maritime wrecks and salvage in some countries having a British administrative heritage. Shipwreck and Receiver of Wreck are law of the sea and shipwrecks.
See Shipwreck and Receiver of Wreck
Recreational diving
Recreational diving or sport diving is diving for the purpose of leisure and enjoyment, usually when using scuba equipment.
See Shipwreck and Recreational diving
RMS Empress of Ireland
RMS Empress of Ireland was a British-built ocean liner that sank near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River in Canada following a collision in thick fog with the Norwegian collier in the early hours of 29 May 1914.
See Shipwreck and RMS Empress of Ireland
Rust
Rust is an iron oxide, a usually reddish-brown oxide formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture.
Sabotage
Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization, destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction.
Salinity
Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity).
Salt
In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl).
Sand
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles.
Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow
On 21 June 1919, shortly after the end of the First World War, the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet was scuttled by its sailors while held off the harbour of the British Royal Navy base at Scapa Flow, in the Orkney Islands of Scotland.
See Shipwreck and Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow
Seawater
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean.
Sediment
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
Ship
A ship is a large vessel that travels the world's oceans and other navigable waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing.
Shipworm
The shipworms, also called Teredo worms or simply Teredo (via Latin), are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Teredinidae, a group of saltwater clams with long, soft, naked bodies.
Silt
Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz.
Smithsonian (magazine)
Smithsonian is a science and nature magazine (and associated website, SmithsonianMag.com), and is the official journal published by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., although editorially independent from its parent organization.
See Shipwreck and Smithsonian (magazine)
Spanish treasure fleet
The Spanish treasure fleet, or West Indies Fleet (Flota de Indias, also called silver fleet or plate fleet; from the plata meaning "silver"), was a convoy system of sea routes organized by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790, which linked Spain with its territories in the Americas across the Atlantic.
See Shipwreck and Spanish treasure fleet
St. Lawrence River
The St.
See Shipwreck and St. Lawrence River
Steam
Steam is a substance containing water in the gas phase, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets.
Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.
Submarine
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.
Subrogation
Subrogation is the assumption by a third party (such as a second creditor or an insurance company) of another party's legal right to collect debts or damages.
Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål:; Norwegian Nynorsk:; lit. 'Highest Court') is the highest court in the Norwegian judiciary.
See Shipwreck and Supreme Court of Norway
Tanker (ship)
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.
See Shipwreck and Tanker (ship)
Tarfaya
Tarfaya (طرفاية - Ṭarfāya; ⵟⵔⴼⴰⵢⴰ) is a coastal Moroccan town, located at the level of Cape Juby, in western Morocco, on the Atlantic coast.
Target practice
Target practice is a key part of both military training and shooting sports.
See Shipwreck and Target practice
The Baltimore Sun
The Baltimore Sun is the largest general-circulation daily newspaper based in the U.S. state of Maryland and provides coverage of local, regional, national, and international news.
See Shipwreck and The Baltimore Sun
Theft by finding
In criminal and property law, theft by finding occurs when someone chances upon an object which seems abandoned and takes possession of the object, but fails to take steps to establish whether the object is genuinely abandoned and not merely lost or unattended before taking it for themselves.
See Shipwreck and Theft by finding
Tide
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another.
Titanic
RMS Titanic was a British ocean liner that sank on 15 April 1912 as a result of striking an iceberg on her maiden voyage from Southampton, England to New York City, United States.
Torpedo
A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target.
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars.
Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018
The Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018 is an Australian Act of Parliament designed "to protect shipwrecks, sunken aircraft and their associated artefacts, that occurred 75 or more years ago, regardless of whether their location is known".
See Shipwreck and Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
Unexploded ordnance
Unexploded ordnance (UXO, sometimes abbreviated as UO), unexploded bombs (UXBs), and explosive remnants of war (ERW or ERoW) are explosive weapons (bombs, shells, grenades, land mines, naval mines, cluster munition, and other munitions) that did not explode when they were employed and still pose a risk of detonation, sometimes many decades after they were used or discarded.
See Shipwreck and Unexploded ordnance
Valerios Stais
Valerios Stais (Βαλέριος Στάης; b. Kythira 1857 – d. Athens 1923) was a Greek archaeologist.
See Shipwreck and Valerios Stais
War
War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups.
War grave
A war grave is a burial place for members of the armed forces or civilians who died during military campaigns or operations.
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was fought by the United States and its allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in North America.
Wind wave
In fluid dynamics, a wind wave, or wind-generated water wave, is a surface wave that occurs on the free surface of bodies of water as a result of the wind blowing over the water's surface.
Wood
Wood is a structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.
Wrecking (shipwreck)
Wrecking is the practice of taking valuables from a shipwreck which has foundered or run aground close to shore. Shipwreck and Wrecking (shipwreck) are shipwrecks.
See Shipwreck and Wrecking (shipwreck)
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipwreck
Also known as Abandoned Ship, Ship wreck, Ship wreckage, Shipwreckage, Shipwrecks, Sunken boat, Sunken boats, Sunken ship, Wrecked Ship.
, Ion, Iron, K'gari, Lake Ontario, Marine life, Marine pollution, Marine salvage, Maritime and Coastguard Agency, Maritime archaeology, Merchant Shipping Act 1995, Molasses Reef Wreck, Morocco, Mutiny, MV Doña Paz, Namibia, National Council for Science and the Environment, Nazi Germany, North Carolina General Assembly, North Sea, Norway, Nuestra Señora de Atocha, Oil spill, Petroleum, PH, Phosphor bronze, Pickles Reef, Piracy, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Port authority, Pressure vessel, Prestige oil spill, Propeller, Protection of Military Remains Act 1986, Protection of Wrecks Act 1973, Receiver of Wreck, Recreational diving, RMS Empress of Ireland, Rust, Sabotage, Salinity, Salt, Sand, Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow, Seawater, Sediment, Ship, Shipworm, Silt, Smithsonian (magazine), Spanish treasure fleet, St. Lawrence River, Steam, Steel, Submarine, Subrogation, Supreme Court of Norway, Tanker (ship), Tarfaya, Target practice, The Baltimore Sun, Theft by finding, Tide, Titanic, Torpedo, U-boat, Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018, UNESCO, Unexploded ordnance, Valerios Stais, War, War grave, War of 1812, Wind wave, Wood, Wrecking (shipwreck).