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Siena Cathedral, the Glossary

Index Siena Cathedral

Siena Cathedral (Duomo di Siena) is a medieval church in Siena, Italy, dedicated from its earliest days as a Roman Catholic Marian church, and now dedicated to the Assumption of Mary.[1]

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Table of Contents

  1. 131 relations: Alessandro Franchi (painter), Altar, Ancona, Andrea Bregno, Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus, Ansanus, Antipope, Antipope Benedict X, Antonio Federighi, Antonio Raggi, Assumption of Mary, Baldassare Peruzzi, Baptistery, Baroque, Bartolomeo Cesi, Battle of Montaperti, Benvenuto di Giovanni, Bitumen, Black Death, Candelabra, Cathedral, Catherine of Siena, Catholic Church, Catholic Marian church buildings, Chancel, Charites, Choir (architecture), Church (building), Church tabernacle, Ciborium (architecture), Classical architecture, Coat of arms, Cornice, Council of Florence, Crescentius of Rome, Domenico Beccafumi, Domenico di Bartolo, Donatello, Duccio, Ercole Ferrata, Erythraean Sibyl, Etiology, Façade, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, French Gothic architecture, Fresco, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Giovanni Artusi, Giovanni di Agostino, Giovanni di Cecco, ... Expand index (81 more) »

  2. 13th-century establishments in the Republic of Siena
  3. Cathedrals in Tuscany
  4. Churches completed in 1215
  5. Gothic architecture in Siena
  6. Roman Catholic churches in Siena
  7. Unfinished cathedrals

Alessandro Franchi (painter)

Alessandro Franchi (15 March 1838, in Prato – 29 April 1914, in Siena) was an Italian painter.

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Altar

An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes.

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Ancona

Ancona (also) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of Central Italy, with a population of around 101,997.

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Andrea Bregno

Andrea di Cristoforo Bregno (1418–1506) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect of the Early Renaissance who worked in Rome from the 1460s and died just as the High Renaissance was getting under way.

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Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus

The Annunciation with St.

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Ansanus

Saint Ansanus (Sant'Ansano) (died 304 AD), called The Baptizer or The Apostle of Siena, is the patron saint of Siena, a scion of the Anician family of Rome.

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Antipope

An antipope (antipapa) is a person who claims to be Bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope.

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Antipope Benedict X

Benedict X (died 1073/1080), born Giovanni, was elected to succeed Pope Stephen IX on 5 April 1058, but was opposed by a rival faction that elected Nicholas II.

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Antonio Federighi

Antonio Federighi (circa 1420 – 1490) was an Italian architect and sculptor of the Renaissance period.

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Antonio Raggi

Antonio Raggi (1624–1686), also called Antonio Lombardo, was a sculptor of the Roman Baroque, originating from today's Ticino.

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Assumption of Mary

The Assumption of Mary is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church.

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Baldassare Peruzzi

Baldassare Tommaso Peruzzi (7 March 1481 – 6 January 1536) was an Italian architect and painter, born in a small town near Siena (in Ancaiano, frazione of Sovicille) and died in Rome.

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Baptistery

In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Old French baptisterie; Latin baptisterium; Greek βαπτιστήριον, 'bathing-place, baptistery', from βαπτίζειν, baptízein, 'to baptize') is the separate centrally planned structure surrounding the baptismal font.

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Baroque

The Baroque is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s.

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Bartolomeo Cesi

Bartolomeo Cesi (16 August 1556 – 11 July 1629) was an Italian painter and draftsman of the Bolognese School.

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Battle of Montaperti

The Battle of Montaperti was fought on 4 September 1260 between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines.

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Benvenuto di Giovanni

Benvenuto di Giovanni, also known as Benvenuto di Giovanni di Meo del Guasta (13 September 1436 – c. 1518) was an Italian painter and artist known for his choral miniatures, pavement designs, and frescoes.

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Bitumen

Bitumen is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum.

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Black Death

The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.

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Candelabra

A candelabra (plural candelabras) or candelabrum (plural candelabra or candelabrums) is a candle holder with multiple arms.

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Cathedral

A cathedral is a church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate.

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Catherine of Siena

Caterina di Jacopo di Benincasa (25 March 1347 – 29 April 1380), known as Catherine of Siena (Caterina da Siena), was an Italian mystic and pious laywoman who engaged in papal and Italian politics through extensive letter-writing and advocacy.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Catholic Marian church buildings

Catholic Marian churches are religious buildings dedicated to the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

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Chancel

In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar, including the choir and the sanctuary (sometimes called the presbytery), at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building.

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Charites

In Greek mythology, the Charites (Χάριτες), singular Charis, or Graces, were three or more goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, goodwill, and fertility.

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Choir (architecture)

A choir, also sometimes called quire, is the area of a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy and church choir.

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Church (building)

A church, church building, or church house is a building used for Christian worship services and other Christian religious activities.

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Church tabernacle

A tabernacle or a sacrament house is a fixed, locked box in which the Eucharist (consecrated communion hosts) is stored as part of the "reserved sacrament" rite.

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Ciborium (architecture)

In ecclesiastical architecture, a ciborium (Greek: κιβώριον) is a canopy or covering supported by columns, freestanding in the sanctuary, that stands over and covers the altar in a church.

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Classical architecture

Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or sometimes more specifically, from De architectura (c. 10 AD) by the Roman architect Vitruvius.

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Coat of arms

A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments).

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Cornice

In architecture, a cornice (from the Italian cornice meaning "ledge") is generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a building or furniture element—for example, the cornice over a door or window, around the top edge of a pedestal, or along the top of an interior wall.

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Council of Florence

The Council of Florence is the seventeenth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held between 1431 and 1449.

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Crescentius of Rome

Crescentius of Rome (San Crescenzio di Roma) is venerated as a child martyr by the Roman Catholic Church.

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Domenico Beccafumi

Domenico di Pace Beccafumi (1486May 18, 1551) was an Italian Renaissance-Mannerist painter active predominantly in Siena.

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Domenico di Bartolo

Domenico di Bartolo (birth name Domenico Ghezzi), born in Asciano, Siena, was a Sienese painter of the early Renaissance period.

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Donatello

Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (– 13 December 1466), known mononymously as Donatello, was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance period.

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Duccio

Duccio di Buoninsegna (–), commonly known as just Duccio, was an Italian painter active in Siena, Tuscany, in the late 13th and early 14th century.

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Ercole Ferrata

Ercole Ferrata (1610 – 10 July 1686) was an Italian sculptor of the Roman Baroque.

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Erythraean Sibyl

The Erythraean Sibyl was the prophetess of classical antiquity presiding over the Apollonian oracle at Erythrae, a town in Ionia opposite Chios, which was built by Neleus, the son of Codrus.

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Etiology

Etiology (alternatively spelled aetiology or ætiology) is the study of causation or origination.

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Façade

A façade or facade is generally the front part or exterior of a building.

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Francesco di Giorgio Martini

Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1439–1501) was an Italian architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, and writer.

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French Gothic architecture

French Gothic architecture is an architectural style which emerged in France in 1140, and was dominant until the mid-16th century.

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Fresco

Fresco (or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster.

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Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (Italian Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect.

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Giovanni Artusi

Giovanni Maria Artusi (c. 154018 August 1613) was an Italian music theorist, composer, and writer.

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Giovanni di Agostino

Giovanni di Agostino, or Giovanni D'Agostino (c. 1310–c. 1370) was an Italian gothic art sculptor in Siena.

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Giovanni di Cecco

Giovanni di Cecco was a Late Gothic architect and sculptor who worked in the region of Siena, Italy, in the 14th century.

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Giovanni di Stefano (sculptor)

Giovanni di Stefano (1443 – c. 1506) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, bronze-caster, and engineer.

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Giovanni Pisano

Giovanni Pisano was an Italian sculptor, painter and architect, who worked in the cities of Pisa, Siena and Pistoia.

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Girolamo da Cremona

Girolamo da Cremona, also known as Girolamo de' Corradi (fl. 1451–1483) and Zanino de Cremona, was an Italian Renaissance painter, illuminator, and miniaturist of manuscripts and early printed books.

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Glossary of architecture

This page is a glossary of architecture.

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Gothic art

Gothic art was a style of medieval art that developed in Northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century AD, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture.

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Graffiti

Graffiti (plural; singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is writing or drawings made on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view.

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Guido of Siena

Guido of Siena, was an Italian painter, active during the 13th-century in Siena, and painting in an Italo-Byzantine style.

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Guidoccio Cozzarelli

Guidoccio Cozzarelli (1450–1517) was an Italian Renaissance painter and miniaturist.

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Guild

A guild is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory.

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History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes

The early domes of the Middle Ages, particularly in those areas recently under Byzantine control, were an extension of earlier Roman architecture.

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Impressionism

Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, unusual visual angles, and inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience.

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Intarsia

Intarsia is a form of Arab wood inlaying that is similar to marquetry.

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Italian Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture appeared in the prosperous independent city-states of Italy in the 12th century, at the same time as it appeared in Northern Europe.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Jacopo della Quercia

Jacopo della Quercia (20 October 1438), also known as Jacopo di Pietro d'Agnolo di Guarnieri, was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance, a contemporary of Brunelleschi, Ghiberti and Donatello.

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Jesus

Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Johann Paul Schor

Johann Paul Schor (1615–1674), known in Rome as Giovanni Paolo Tedesco (Tedesco literally means German in Italian), was an Austrian artist.

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Lantern

A lantern is an often portable source of lighting, typically featuring a protective enclosure for the light sourcehistorically usually a candle, a wick in oil, or a thermoluminescent mesh, and often a battery-powered light in modern timesto make it easier to carry and hang up, and make it more reliable outdoors or in drafty interiors.

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Last Supper

The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion.

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Liberale da Verona

Liberale da Verona (1441–1526) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Verona.

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Lierne (vault)

In Gothic architecture, a lierne is a tertiary rib connecting one rib to another, as opposed to connecting to a springer, or to the central boss.

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Lippo Memmi

Lippo Memmi (c. 1291 – 1356) was an Italian painter from Siena.

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List of Gothic cathedrals in Europe

This is a list of gothic cathedrals in Europe that are active Christian cathedrals (the seats of bishops), but also includes former cathedrals and churches built in the style of cathedrals, that are significant for their Gothic style of architecture.

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Lists of World Heritage Sites

This is a list of the lists of World Heritage Sites.

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Luigi Mussini

Luigi Mussini (19 December 1813 – 18 June 1888) was an Italian painter, linked especially to the Purismo movement and to the Nazarenes.

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Lunette

A lunette (French lunette, 'little moon') is a half-moon–shaped architectural space, variously filled with sculpture, painted, glazed, filled with recessed masonry, or void.

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Maestà (Duccio)

The Maestà, or Maestà of Duccio, is an altarpiece composed of many individual paintings commissioned by the city of Siena in Tuscany in 1308 from the artist Duccio di Buoninsegna and is his most famous work.

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Mantua

Mantua (Mantova; Lombard and Mantua) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Lombardy, and capital of the province of the same name.

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Manuscript

A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way.

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Matteo di Giovanni

Matteo di Giovanni (c. 1430 – 1495) was an Italian Renaissance artist from the Sienese School.

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Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance.

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Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Siena)

The Museo dell'Opera del Duomo is an art museum in Siena, in Tuscany in central Italy.

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Narthex

The narthex is an architectural element typical of early Christian and Byzantine basilicas and churches consisting of the entrance or vestibule, located at the west end of the nave, opposite the church's main altar.

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The nave is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel.

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Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi

Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi (1447–1500) was an Italian painter and sculptor of the early-Renaissance or Quattrocento period in Siena.

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Nicola Pisano

Nicola Pisano (also called Niccolò Pisano, Nicola de Apulia or Nicola Pisanus; /1225 –) was an Italian sculptor whose work is noted for its classical Roman sculptural style.

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Old Testament

The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.

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Orvieto Cathedral

Orvieto Cathedral (Duomo di Orvieto; Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) is a large 14th-century Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and situated in the town of Orvieto in Umbria, central Italy. Siena Cathedral and Orvieto Cathedral are Roman Catholic cathedrals in Italy.

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Piccolomini Altarpiece

The Piccolomini Altarpiece is an architectural and sculptural altarpiece in the left-nave of Siena Cathedral, commissioned by cardinal Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini who expected it to become his tomb.

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Pinnacle

A pinnacle is an architectural element originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations.

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Pinturicchio

Pinturicchio, or Pintoricchio (born Bernardino di Betto; 1454–1513), also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, was an Italian Renaissance painter.

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Pitch (resin)

Pitch is a viscoelastic polymer which can be natural or manufactured, derived from petroleum, coal tar, or plants.

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Polychrome

Polychrome is the "practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery, or sculpture in multiple colors.

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Pope

The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope Alexander VII

Pope Alexander VII (Alessandro VII; 13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death, in May 1667.

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Pope Boniface VIII

Pope Boniface VIII (Bonifatius PP.; born Benedetto Caetani; – 11 October 1303) was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 until his death in 1303.

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Pope Eugene IV

Pope Eugene IV (Eugenius IV; Eugenio IV; 1383 – 23 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 March 1431 to his death, in February 1447.

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Pope Lucius III

Pope Lucius III (– 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death in 1185.

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Pope Nicholas II

Pope Nicholas II (Nicholaus II; c. 990/995 – 27 July 1061), otherwise known as Gerard of Burgundy, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 January 1059 until his death in 27 July 1061.

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Pope Pius II

Pope Pius II (Pius PP., Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August 1458 to his death.

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Pope Pius III

Pope Pius III (Pio III, Pius Tertius; 9 May 1439 – 18 October 1503), born Francesco Todeschini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 September 1503 to his death.

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Portal (architecture)

A portal is an opening in a wall of a building, gate or fortification, especially a grand entrance to an important structure.

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Psalter

A psalter is a volume containing the Book of Psalms, often with other devotional material bound in as well, such as a liturgical calendar and litany of the Saints.

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Raphael

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), now generally known in English as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.

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Riccardo Petroni

Riccardo Petroni (born Siena ca 1250 – died Genoa 10 February 1314) was a senior cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church during the closing decades of the thirteenth century and the early years of the fourteenth century.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino

The Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino (Archidioecesis Senensis-Collensis-Ilcinensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Tuscany.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Grosseto

The Diocese of Grosseto (Dioecesis Grossetana) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy, a suffragan of the archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino, in Tuscany.

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Roman Rite

The Roman Rite (Ritus Romanus) is the most common ritual family for performing the ecclesiastical services of the Latin Church, the largest of the sui iuris particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church.

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Romanesque architecture

Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.

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Romulus and Remus

In Roman mythology, Romulus and Remus are twin brothers whose story tells of the events that led to the founding of the city of Rome and the Roman Kingdom by Romulus, following his fratricide of Remus.

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Rose window

Rose window is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in Gothic cathedrals and churches.

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Sabinus of Spoleto

Sabinus of Spoleto (died c. 303) was a bishop in the early Christian church who resisted the Diocletianic Persecution and was martyred.

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Santa Maria della Scala, Siena

Santa Maria della Scala (also referred to as the Hospital, Ospedale, and Spedale) is located in Siena, Italy. Siena Cathedral and Santa Maria della Scala, Siena are Roman Catholic churches in Siena.

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Sarcophagus

A sarcophagus (sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.

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Senius and Aschius

Senius and Aschius are the two legendary founders of Siena, Italy.

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Sibyl

The sibyls (ai Sibyllai, singular Sibylla) were prophetesses or oracles in Ancient Greece.

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Siena

Siena (Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy.

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Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 – 9 December 1437) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437.

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Simone Martini

Simone Martini (– July 1344) was an Italian painter born in Siena.

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Socrates

Socrates (– 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.

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Synod

A synod is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application.

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The Feast of Herod (Donatello)

The Feast of Herod is a bronze relief sculpture created by Donatello circa 1427.

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Tino di Camaino

Tomb of Antonio d'Orso, in Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence. Tino di Camaino (c. 1280 – c. 1337) was an Italian sculptor.

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Transept

A transept (with two semitransepts) is a transverse part of any building, which lies across the main body of the building.

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Trompe-l'œil

paren) is an artistic term for the highly realistic optical illusion of three-dimensional space and objects on a two-dimensional surface. Trompe l'œil, which is most often associated with painting, tricks the viewer into perceiving painted objects or spaces as real. Forced perspective is a related illusion in architecture.

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Tuscany

Italian: toscano | citizenship_it.

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Uffizi

The Uffizi Gallery (italic) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

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Vault (architecture)

In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof.

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Vecchietta

Lorenzo di Pietro (1410 – June 6, 1480), known as Vecchietta, was an Italian Sienese School painter, sculptor, goldsmith, and architect of the Renaissance.

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Victor and Corona

Saints Victor and Corona (also known as Saints Victor and Stephanie) are two Christian martyrs.

See Siena Cathedral and Victor and Corona

World Heritage Committee

The World Heritage Committee is a committee of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization that selects the sites to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance upon requests from States Parties.

See Siena Cathedral and World Heritage Committee

See also

13th-century establishments in the Republic of Siena

Cathedrals in Tuscany

Churches completed in 1215

Gothic architecture in Siena

Roman Catholic churches in Siena

Unfinished cathedrals

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena_Cathedral

Also known as Cathedral (Siena), Cathedral of Siena, Duomo (Siena), Duomo da Siena, Duomo di Siena, Duomo in Siena, Duomo of Siena, Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption, Museo dell'Opera Metropolitana del Duomo, Piccolomini Library, Santa Maria Assunta, Siena, Siena Duomo, Sienna Cathedral.

, Giovanni di Stefano (sculptor), Giovanni Pisano, Girolamo da Cremona, Glossary of architecture, Gothic art, Graffiti, Guido of Siena, Guidoccio Cozzarelli, Guild, History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes, Impressionism, Intarsia, Italian Gothic architecture, Italy, Jacopo della Quercia, Jesus, Johann Paul Schor, Lantern, Last Supper, Liberale da Verona, Lierne (vault), Lippo Memmi, List of Gothic cathedrals in Europe, Lists of World Heritage Sites, Luigi Mussini, Lunette, Maestà (Duccio), Mantua, Manuscript, Matteo di Giovanni, Michelangelo, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Siena), Narthex, Nave, Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi, Nicola Pisano, Old Testament, Orvieto Cathedral, Piccolomini Altarpiece, Pinnacle, Pinturicchio, Pitch (resin), Polychrome, Pope, Pope Alexander VII, Pope Boniface VIII, Pope Eugene IV, Pope Lucius III, Pope Nicholas II, Pope Pius II, Pope Pius III, Portal (architecture), Psalter, Raphael, Riccardo Petroni, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino, Roman Catholic Diocese of Grosseto, Roman Rite, Romanesque architecture, Romulus and Remus, Rose window, Sabinus of Spoleto, Santa Maria della Scala, Siena, Sarcophagus, Senius and Aschius, Sibyl, Siena, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Simone Martini, Socrates, Synod, The Feast of Herod (Donatello), Tino di Camaino, Transept, Trompe-l'œil, Tuscany, Uffizi, Vault (architecture), Vecchietta, Victor and Corona, World Heritage Committee.