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Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet, the Glossary

Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet (16 July 1783 – 5 July 1867) was an English surgeon who became President of the Royal College of Surgeons of London and Serjeant Surgeon to the Queen.^[1]

134 relations: Abraham Rees, Adaptation, Adrian Desmond, Age of Enlightenment, Aldersgate Medical School, Alexandre Brongniart, Alfred Russel Wallace, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Philosophical Society, Ancient Greek, Anglicanism, Animal husbandry, Atheism, Augustus Pugin, Émile Littré, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Baronet, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Bible, Blasphemy, Bridewell Palace, British Library, C. D. Darlington, Carl Gustav Carus, Censorship, Charles Darwin, Church of England, Cirencester, City of Westminster, Climate, Cognition, Consciousness, Copyright, Copyright infringement, Court of Chancery, Darwinism, Dissent, Ealing, Edward Blyth, Elmore Court, Empiricism, Erasmus Darwin, Ernst Mayr, Fellow of the Royal Society, Fettiplace, Frankenstein, Frederick Tyrrell, Freemasons' Tavern, French people, Galileo Galilei, ... Expand index (84 more) »
Lawrence baronets
Lawrence family of England

Abraham Rees

Abraham Rees (1743 – 9 June 1825) was a Welsh nonconformist minister, and compiler of Rees's Cyclopædia (in 45 volumes).

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Adaptation

In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.

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Adrian Desmond

Adrian John Desmond (born 1947) is an English writer on the history of science and author of books about Charles Darwin.

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Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.

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Aldersgate Medical School

The Aldersgate Medical School was a medical school in east London, in existence from about 1825 to 1848.

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Alexandre Brongniart (5 February 17707 October 1847) was a French chemist, mineralogist, geologist, paleontologist, and zoologist, who collaborated with Georges Cuvier on a study of the geology of the region around Paris.

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Alfred Russel Wallace

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator.

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American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States.

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American Philosophical Society

The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach.

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Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.

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Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe.

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Animal husbandry

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products.

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Atheism

Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Augustus Pugin

Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic with French and Swiss origins.

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Émile Littré

Émile Maximilien Paul Littré (1 February 18012 June 1881) was a French lexicographer, freemason and philosopher, best known for his, commonly called le Littré.

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Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (15 April 177219 June 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire are proto-evolutionary biologists.

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Baronet

A baronet (or; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (or; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown.

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Bethlem Royal Hospital

Bethlem Royal Hospital, also known as St Mary Bethlehem, Bethlehem Hospital and Bedlam, is a psychiatric hospital in Bromley, London.

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.

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Blasphemy

Blasphemy refers to an insult that shows contempt, disrespect or lack of reverence concerning a deity, an object considered sacred, or something considered inviolable.

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Bridewell Palace

Bridewell Palace in London was built as a residence of King Henry VIII and was one of his homes early in his reign for eight years.

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British Library

The British Library is a research library in London that is the national library of the United Kingdom.

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C. D. Darlington

Cyril Dean Darlington (19 December 1903 – 26 March 1981) was an English biologist, cytologist, geneticist, and eugenicist.

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Carl Gustav Carus

Carl Gustav Carus (3 January 1789 – 28 July 1869) was a German physiologist and painter, born in Leipzig, who played various roles during the Romantic era.

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Censorship

Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Charles Darwin are 19th-century English writers.

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Church of England

The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies.

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Cirencester

Cirencester (see below for more variations) is a market town in Gloucestershire, England, west of London.

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City of Westminster

The City of Westminster is a London borough with city status in Greater London, England.

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Climate

Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years.

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Cognition

Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

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Consciousness

Consciousness, at its simplest, is awareness of internal and external existence.

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Copyright

A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time.

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Copyright infringement

Copyright infringement (at times referred to as piracy) is the use of works protected by copyright without permission for a usage where such permission is required, thereby infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to produce derivative works.

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Court of Chancery

The Court of Chancery was a court of equity in England and Wales that followed a set of loose rules to avoid a slow pace of change and possible harshness (or "inequity") of the common law.

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Darwinism

Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

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Dissent

Dissent is an opinion, philosophy or sentiment of non-agreement or opposition to a prevailing idea or policy enforced under the authority of a government, political party or other entity or individual.

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Ealing

Ealing is a district in West London, England, west of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Ealing.

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Edward Blyth

Edward Blyth (23 December 1810 – 27 December 1873) was an English zoologist who worked for most of his life in India as a curator of zoology at the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Edward Blyth are English zoologists and proto-evolutionary biologists.

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Elmore Court

Elmore Court is a grade II* listed mansion, located at Elmore in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England.

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Empiricism

In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence.

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Erasmus Darwin

Erasmus Robert Darwin (12 December 173118 April 1802) was an English physician. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Erasmus Darwin are proto-evolutionary biologists.

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Ernst Mayr

Ernst Walter Mayr (5 July 1904 – 3 February 2005) was a German-American evolutionary biologist.

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Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science".

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Fettiplace

Fettiplace is an English family name, allegedly of Norman descent, originating with a landed gentry family chiefly of Berkshire and Oxfordshire, from which came a baronetical line, extinct.

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Frankenstein

Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 novel written by English author Mary Shelley.

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Frederick Tyrrell

Frederick Tyrrell or Tyrell (1793–1843) was an English surgeon. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Frederick Tyrrell are English surgeons.

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Freemasons' Tavern

The Freemasons' Tavern was established in 1775 at 61–65 Great Queen Street in the West End of London.

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French people

The French people (lit) are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France.

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Galileo Galilei

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.

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George D'Oyly

George D'Oyly (1778–1846) was an English cleric and academic, theologian and biographer.

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Georges Cuvier

Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology".

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Gloucester

Gloucester is a cathedral city and the county town of Gloucestershire in the South West of England.

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Gloucestershire

Gloucestershire (abbreviated Glos.) is a ceremonial county in South West England.

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Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus

Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (4 February 1776, Bremen – 16 February 1837, Bremen) was a German physician, naturalist, and proto-evolutionary biologist. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus are proto-evolutionary biologists.

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Hard inheritance

Hard inheritance was a model of heredity that explicitly excludes any acquired characteristics, such as of Lamarckism.

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Henry George Bohn

Henry George Bohn (4 January 179622 August 1884) was a British publisher.

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Heredity

Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

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Human skin color

Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.

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Hunterian Oration

The Hunterian Oration is a lecture of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, named in honour of pioneering surgeon John Hunter and held on his birthday, 14 February, each year.

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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.

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James Cowles Prichard

James Cowles Prichard (11 February 1786 – 23 December 1848) was a British physician and ethnologist with broad interests in physical anthropology and psychiatry. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and James Cowles Prichard are proto-evolutionary biologists.

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James Parkinson

James Parkinson (11 April 1755 – 21 December 1824) was an English surgeon, apothecary, geologist, palaeontologist and political activist.

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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck are proto-evolutionary biologists.

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Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (11 May 1752 – 22 January 1840) was a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach are proto-evolutionary biologists.

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John Abernethy (surgeon)

John Abernethy (3 April 1764 – 20 April 1831) was an English surgeon. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and John Abernethy (surgeon) are English surgeons and Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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John Hunter (surgeon)

John Hunter (13 February 1728 – 16 October 1793) was a Scottish surgeon, one of the most distinguished scientists and surgeons of his day.

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John Keats

John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English poet of the second generation of Romantic poets, along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and John Keats are 19th-century English writers.

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John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon

John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon, (4 June 1751 – 13 January 1838) was a British barrister and politician.

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Karl Friedrich Burdach

Karl Friedrich Burdach (12 June 1776 – 16 July 1847) was a German physiologist.

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King's College London

King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, England.

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Lamarckism

Lamarckism, also known as Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism, is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime.

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Lawrence baronets

There have been seven baronetcies created for persons with the surname Lawrence, one in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and five in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Lawrence baronets

Lexicography

Lexicography is the study of lexicons, and is divided into two separate academic disciplines.

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List of ethnic groups of Africa

The ethnic groups of Africa number in the thousands, with each ethnicity generally having its own language (or dialect of a language) and culture.

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Lord Byron

George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824) was a British poet and peer.

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Lord Chancellor

The Lord Chancellor, formally titled Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister.

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Louisa Lawrence

Louisa Lawrence (née Senior; 1803 – 14 August 1855) was an English horticulturist in the second quarter of the 19th century. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Louisa Lawrence are Lawrence family of England.

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Mary Shelley

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) was an English novelist who is best known for writing the Gothic novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818), which is considered an early example of science fiction.

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Materialism

Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions of material things.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Materialism

Mendelian inheritance

Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Mendelian inheritance

Michael Christoph Hanow

Michael Christoph Hanow (also Hanov, Hanovius) (12 December 1695, in Zamborst near Neustettin, Pomerania – 22 September 1773, in Danzig) was a German meteorologist, historian, professor of mathematics and since 1717 rector of the Academic Gymnasium Danzig.

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Middlesex

Middlesex (abbreviation: Middx) is a historic county in southeast England.

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Monthly Review

The Monthly Review is an independent socialist magazine published monthly in New York City.

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Mutation

In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Mutation

Name and shame

To name and shame is to "publicly say that a person, group or business has done something wrong".

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Name and shame

Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Natural selection

Nikolaus Pevsner

Sir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner (30 January 1902 – 18 August 1983) was a German-British art historian and architectural historian best known for his monumental 46-volume series of county-by-county guides, The Buildings of England (1951–74).

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Old Testament

The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.

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Open University

The Open University (OU) is a public research university and the largest university in the United Kingdom by number of students.

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Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a clinical and surgical specialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.

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Patrick Matthew

Patrick Matthew (20 October 1790 – 8 June 1874) was a Scottish grain merchant, fruit farmer, forester, and landowner, who contributed to the understanding of horticulture, silviculture, and agriculture in general, with a focus on maintaining the British navy and feeding new colonies. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Patrick Matthew are proto-evolutionary biologists.

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Percy Bysshe Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley (4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was an English writer who is considered as one of the major English Romantic poets.

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Persecution

Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another individual or group.

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Plaintiff

A plaintiff (Π in legal shorthand) is the party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an action) before a court.

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Quarterly Review

The Quarterly Review was a literary and political periodical founded in March 1809 by London publishing house John Murray.

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Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901.

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Race (human categorization)

Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.

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Rationality

Rationality is the quality of being guided by or based on reason.

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Rees's Cyclopædia

Rees's Cyclopædia, in full The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, was an important 19th-century British encyclopaedia edited by Rev.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Rees's Cyclopædia

Revelation

In religion and theology, revelation (or divine revelation) is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities.

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Richard Carlile

Richard Carlile (8 December 1790 – 10 February 1843) was an English radical publisher and writer.

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Robert Chambers (publisher, born 1802)

Robert Chambers (10 July 1802 – 17 March 1871) was a Scottish publisher, geologist, evolutionary thinker, author and journal editor who, like his elder brother and business partner William Chambers, was highly influential in mid-19th-century scientific and political circles. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Robert Chambers (publisher, born 1802) are proto-evolutionary biologists.

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Royal Agricultural University

The Royal Agricultural University (RAU), formerly the Royal Agricultural College, is a public university in Cirencester, Gloucestershire, England.

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Royal College of Surgeons

The Royal College of Surgeons is an ancient college (a form of corporation) established in England to regulate the activity of surgeons.

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Royal College of Surgeons of England

The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wales.

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Royal Horticultural Society

The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.

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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the royal academies of Sweden.

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Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher, and theologian who was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets with his friend William Wordsworth.

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Sedition

Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech or organization, that tends toward rebellion against the established order.

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Serjeant Surgeon

The Serjeant Surgeon is the senior surgeon in the Medical Household of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom.

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Sexual selection

Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Sexual selection

Sir Trevor Lawrence, 2nd Baronet

Sir James John Trevor Lawrence, 2nd Baronet, (30 December 1831 – 22 December 1913) was an English surgeon, horticulturalist, and art collector. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Sir Trevor Lawrence, 2nd Baronet are Lawrence baronets and Lawrence family of England.

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St Bartholomew's Hospital

St Bartholomew's Hospital, commonly known as Barts, is a teaching hospital located in the City of London.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and St Bartholomew's Hospital

State religion

A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and State religion

Stratigraphy

Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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The Crown

The Crown broadly represents the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their subdivisions (such as the Crown Dependencies, overseas territories, provinces, or states).

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The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind.

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Thomas Forster

Thomas Forster (1683 – October 1738), of Adderstone Hall, Northumberland, was an English landowner and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1708 to 1716.

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Thomas Henry Huxley

Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist and anthropologist who specialized in comparative anatomy. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Thomas Henry Huxley are English zoologists.

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Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In the old calendar, the new year began on March 25, not January 1. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Thomas Paine are 19th-century English writers.

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Thomas Robert Malthus

Thomas Robert Malthus (13/14 February 1766 – 29 December 1834) was an English economist, cleric, and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Thomas Robert Malthus are 19th-century English writers and proto-evolutionary biologists.

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Thomas Wakley

Thomas Wakley (11 July 179516 May 1862) was an English surgeon. Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Thomas Wakley are English surgeons.

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Thought

In their most common sense, the terms thought and thinking refer to cognitive processes that can happen independently of sensory stimulation.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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University College London

University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.

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Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation is an 1844 work of speculative natural history and philosophy by Robert Chambers.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation

Vitalism

Vitalism is a belief that starts from the premise that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things." Where vitalism explicitly invokes a vital principle, that element is often referred to as the "vital spark", "energy", "élan vital" (coined by vitalist Henri Bergson), "vital force", or "vis vitalis", which some equate with the soul.

See Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet and Vitalism

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Lawrence,_1st_Baronet

Also known as Sir William Lawrence, William Lawrence (biologist), William Lawrence FRS.

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Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Lawrence baronets

Lawrence family of England

References