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Thrall, the Glossary

A thrall was a slave or serf in Scandinavian lands during the Viking Age.^[1]

Alemanni

The Alemanni or Alamanni were a confederation of Germanic tribes.

Anglo-Saxons

The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.

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Canonization is the declaration of a deceased person as an officially recognized saint, specifically, the official act of a Christian communion declaring a person worthy of public veneration and entering their name in the canon catalogue of saints, or authorized list of that communion's recognized saints.

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Churl

A churl (Old High German), in its earliest Old English (Anglo-Saxon) meaning, was simply "a man" or more particularly a "free man", but the word soon came to mean "a non-servile peasant", still spelled, and denoting the lowest rank of freemen.

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Earl

Earl is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom.

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Estates of the realm

The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe.

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Franklin (class)

In the Kingdom of England from the 12th to 15th centuries, a franklin was a member of a certain social class or rank.

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Germanic law

Germanic law is a scholarly term used to describe a series of commonalities between the various law codes (the Leges Barbarorum, 'laws of the barbarians', also called Leges) of the early Germanic peoples. Thrall and Germanic law are early Germanic law and medieval law.

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Germanic peoples

The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.

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Gothic language

Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.

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Hallvard Vebjørnsson

Hallvard Vebjørnsson (Hallvard Den Hellige) (1020–1043), commonly referred to as Saint Hallvard (Sankt Hallvard), is the patron saint of Oslo.

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Irish language

Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language group, which is a part of the Indo-European language family.

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Kholop

A kholop (p, холо́п) was a type of feudal serf (dependent population) in Kievan Rus' in the 9th and early 12th centuries.

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Lex Alamannorum

The Lex Alamannorum and Pactus Alamannorum were two early medieval law codes of the Alamanni.

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Leysingi

In Norse law, a leysingi was a freed slave (a freed thrall). Thrall and leysingi are medieval law, Norse culture, Slavery in Denmark, Slavery in Europe, Slavery in Norway, Slavery in Sweden and Viking Age slavery.

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Lier, Norway

Lier is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway.

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Martyr

A martyr (mártys, 'witness' stem, martyr-) is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external party.

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Medieval Latin

Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages.

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Old English

Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.

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Old Frisian

Old Frisian was a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries along the North Sea coast, roughly between the mouths of the Rhine and Weser rivers.

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Old High German

Old High German (OHG; Althochdeutsch (Ahdt., Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from around 500/750 to 1050.

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Old Norse

Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Thrall and Old Norse are Norse culture.

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Oslo

Oslo (or; Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.

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Patron saint

A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person.

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Proto-Germanic language

Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Proto-Indo-European language

Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.

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Rígsþula

Rígsþula or Rígsmál (Old Norse: 'The Lay of Ríg') is an Eddic poem, preserved in the manuscript (AM 242 fol, the Codex Wormianus), in which a Norse god named Ríg or Rígr, described as "old and wise, mighty and strong", fathers the social classes of mankind.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.

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Serfdom

Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems.

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Shilling

The shilling is a historical coin, and the name of a unit of modern currencies formerly used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, other British Commonwealth countries and Ireland, where they were generally equivalent to 12 pence or one-twentieth of a pound before being phased out during the 1960s and 1970s.

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Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.

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Slavs

The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.

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Solidus (coin)

The solidus (Latin 'solid';: solidi) or nomisma (νόμισμα, nómisma, 'coin') was a highly pure gold coin issued in the Later Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire.

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Turkish Abductions

The Turkish Abductions (Tyrkjaránið) were a series of slave raids by pirates from Algier and Salé that took place in Iceland in the summer of 1627.

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Viking Age

The Viking Age (about) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonising, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America.

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Weregild

Weregild (also spelled wergild, wergeld (in archaic/historical usage of English), weregeld, etc.), also known as man price (blood money), was a precept in some historical legal codes whereby a monetary value was established for a person's life, to be paid as a fine or as compensatory damages to the person's family if that person was killed or injured by another. Thrall and Weregild are early Germanic law.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrall

Also known as Enthrallment, Slavery in Iceland, Slavery in Norway, Thraldom, Thralldom, Thralls, Viking slave, Viking slavery, Þeow, Þræll, Þēow, Þēowman.

Thrall, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Early Germanic law

Norse culture

Slavery in Denmark

Slavery in Europe

Slavery in Norway

Slavery in Sweden

Viking Age economy

Viking Age slavery

References