Sleep apnea, the Glossary
Sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption.[1]
Table of Contents
95 relations: Acetazolamide, Alcohol (drug), Allergy, Alzheimer's disease, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Amyloid beta, Angina, Apnea, Apnea–hypopnea index, Arrhythmia, Asthma, Atrial fibrillation, Bariatric surgery, Cancer, Cardiac arrest, Cardiovascular disease, Central hypoventilation syndrome, Central sleep apnea, Charles Dickens, Chemoreceptor, Cheyne–Stokes respiration, Continuous positive airway pressure, Coronary artery disease, COVID-19, Dementia, Desipramine, Diabetes, Diaphragm pacing, Epilepsy, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Eszopiclone, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Fatty liver disease, Heart failure, Hyoid suspension, Hypercapnia, Hypertension, Hypoglossal nerve stimulator, Hypopnea, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia (medicine), Insulin resistance, International Classification of Sleep Disorders, JAMA Network Open, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mammillary body, Mandibular advancement splint, Maxillomandibular advancement, Modes of mechanical ventilation, Myocardial infarction, ... Expand index (45 more) »
- Breathing abnormalities
Acetazolamide
Acetazolamide, sold under the trade name Diamox among others, is a medication used to treat glaucoma, epilepsy, acute mountain sickness, periodic paralysis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (raised brain pressure of unclear cause), heart failure and to alkalinize urine.
See Sleep apnea and Acetazolamide
Alcohol (drug)
Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world and falls under the depressant category.
See Sleep apnea and Alcohol (drug)
Allergy
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia.
See Sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease
American Academy of Sleep Medicine
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) is a United States professional society for the medical subspecialty of sleep medicine which includes disorders of circadian rhythms.
See Sleep apnea and American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Amyloid beta
Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.
See Sleep apnea and Amyloid beta
Angina
Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is chest pain or pressure, usually caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium).
Apnea
Apnea, BrE: apnoea, is the temporary cessation of breathing. Sleep apnea and Apnea are breathing abnormalities.
Apnea–hypopnea index
The Apnea–Hypopnea Index or Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index (AHI) is an index used to indicate the severity of sleep apnea.
See Sleep apnea and Apnea–hypopnea index
Arrhythmia
Arrhythmias, also known as cardiac arrhythmias, are irregularities in the heartbeat, including when it is too fast or too slow.
See Sleep apnea and Arrhythmia
Asthma
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart.
See Sleep apnea and Atrial fibrillation
Bariatric surgery
Bariatric surgery (or metabolic surgery or weight loss surgery) is a medical term for surgical procedures used to manage obesity and obesity-related conditions.
See Sleep apnea and Bariatric surgery
Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac arrest, is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.
See Sleep apnea and Cardiac arrest
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels.
See Sleep apnea and Cardiovascular disease
Central hypoventilation syndrome
Central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). Sleep apnea and Central hypoventilation syndrome are breathing abnormalities and sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Central hypoventilation syndrome
Central sleep apnea
Central sleep apnea (CSA) or central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS) is a sleep-related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished or absent, typically for 10 to 30 seconds either intermittently or in cycles, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. Sleep apnea and central sleep apnea are sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Central sleep apnea
Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and social critic.
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Chemoreceptor
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal.
See Sleep apnea and Chemoreceptor
Cheyne–Stokes respiration
Cheyne–Stokes respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. Sleep apnea and Cheyne–Stokes respiration are breathing abnormalities.
See Sleep apnea and Cheyne–Stokes respiration
Continuous positive airway pressure
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of positive airway pressure (PAP) ventilation in which a constant level of pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is continuously applied to the upper respiratory tract of a person.
See Sleep apnea and Continuous positive airway pressure
Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial ischemia, or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart.
See Sleep apnea and Coronary artery disease
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Dementia
Dementia is a syndrome associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by a general decline in cognitive abilities that affects a person's ability to perform everyday activities.
Desipramine
Desipramine, sold under the brand name Norpramin among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in the treatment of depression.
See Sleep apnea and Desipramine
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels.
Diaphragm pacing
Diaphragm pacing (and even earlier as electrophrenic respiration) is the rhythmic application of electrical impulses to the diaphragm to provide artificial ventilatory support for respiratory failure or sleep apnea.
See Sleep apnea and Diaphragm pacing
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a scale intended to measure daytime sleepiness that is measured by use of a very short questionnaire. Sleep apnea and Epworth Sleepiness Scale are sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Eszopiclone
Eszopiclone, sold under the brand name Lunesta among others, is a medication used in the treatment of insomnia.
See Sleep apnea and Eszopiclone
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep. Sleep apnea and Excessive daytime sleepiness are sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Excessive daytime sleepiness
Fatty liver disease
Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis and steatotic liver disease (SLD), is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver.
See Sleep apnea and Fatty liver disease
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood.
See Sleep apnea and Heart failure
Hyoid suspension
Hyoid suspension, also known as hyoid myotomy and suspension or hyoid advancement, is a surgical procedure or sleep surgery in which the hyoid bone and its muscle attachments to the tongue and airway are pulled forward with the aim of increasing airway size and improving airway stability in the retrolingual and hypopharyngeal airway (airway behind and below the base of tongue).
See Sleep apnea and Hyoid suspension
Hypercapnia
Hypercapnia (from the Greek hyper.
See Sleep apnea and Hypercapnia
Hypertension
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
See Sleep apnea and Hypertension
Hypoglossal nerve stimulator
The hypoglossal nerve stimulator is a novel strategy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep apnea and hypoglossal nerve stimulator are Otorhinolaryngology and sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Hypoglossal nerve stimulator
Hypopnea
Hypopnea is overly shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate. Sleep apnea and Hypopnea are breathing abnormalities and sleep disorders.
Hypoxemia
Hypoxemia is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.
Hypoxia (medicine)
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
See Sleep apnea and Hypoxia (medicine)
Insulin resistance
Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition in which cells either fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia.
See Sleep apnea and Insulin resistance
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) is "a primary diagnostic, epidemiological and coding resource for clinicians and researchers in the field of sleep and sleep medicine". Sleep apnea and International Classification of Sleep Disorders are sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and International Classification of Sleep Disorders
JAMA Network Open
JAMA Network Open is a monthly open access medical journal published by the American Medical Association covering all aspects of the biomedical sciences.
See Sleep apnea and JAMA Network Open
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body.
See Sleep apnea and Magnetic resonance imaging
Mammillary body
The mammillary bodies are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain that, as part of the diencephalon, form part of the limbic system.
See Sleep apnea and Mammillary body
Mandibular advancement splint
A mandibi splint or mandibi advancement splint is a prescription custom-made medical device worn in the mouth used to treat sleep-related breathing disorders including: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), snoring, and TMJ disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Mandibular advancement splint
Maxillomandibular advancement
Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) or orthognathic surgery, also sometimes called bimaxillary advancement (Bi-Max), or maxillomandibular osteotomy (MMO), is a surgical procedure or sleep surgery which moves the upper jaw (maxilla) and the lower jaw (mandible) forward.
See Sleep apnea and Maxillomandibular advancement
Modes of mechanical ventilation
Modes of mechanical ventilation are one of the most important aspects of the usage of mechanical ventilation.
See Sleep apnea and Modes of mechanical ventilation
Myocardial infarction
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle.
See Sleep apnea and Myocardial infarction
Myth
Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society.
Nasal EPAP
Nasal expiratory positive airway pressure (Nasal EPAP) is a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring.
See Sleep apnea and Nasal EPAP
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the third largest Institute of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
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Neurodegenerative disease
A neurodegenerative disease is caused by the progressive loss of neurons, in the process known as neurodegeneration.
See Sleep apnea and Neurodegenerative disease
Nurse anesthetist
A nurse anesthetist is an advanced practice nurse who administers anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures.
See Sleep apnea and Nurse anesthetist
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health.
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly or deeply enough, resulting in low oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Sleep apnea and Obesity hypoventilation syndrome are sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Obstructive sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. Sleep apnea and Obstructive sleep apnea are sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Obstructive sleep apnea
Oral pressure therapy
Oral pressure therapy (OPT) is a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that uses negative pressure in the mouth to shift the soft palate and tongue forward.
See Sleep apnea and Oral pressure therapy
Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck.
See Sleep apnea and Otorhinolaryngology
Overweight
Being overweight is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.
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Palatal expansion
A palatal expander is a device in the field of orthodontics which is used to widen the upper jaw (maxilla) so that the bottom and upper teeth will fit together better.
See Sleep apnea and Palatal expansion
Periodic breathing
Periodic breathing is clusters of breaths separated by intervals of apnea or near-apnea.
See Sleep apnea and Periodic breathing
Pharynx
The pharynx (pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs respectively). Sleep apnea and pharynx are Otorhinolaryngology.
Polysomnography
Polysomnography (PSG) is a multi-parameter type of sleep study and a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine.
See Sleep apnea and Polysomnography
Psychology Today
Psychology Today is an American media organization with a focus on psychology and human behavior.
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Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring blood oxygen saturation.
See Sleep apnea and Pulse oximetry
Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control.
See Sleep apnea and Randomized controlled trial
Rapid eye movement sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals (including humans) and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly. Sleep apnea and rapid eye movement sleep are sleep physiology.
See Sleep apnea and Rapid eye movement sleep
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory acidosis is a state in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally called acidosis).
See Sleep apnea and Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory disturbance index
The respiratory disturbance index (RDI)—or respiratory distress Index—is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings.
See Sleep apnea and Respiratory disturbance index
Seizure
A seizure is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Septoplasty
Septoplasty (saeptum, "septum" + plassein, "to shape"), or alternatively submucous septal resection and septal reconstruction, is a corrective surgical procedure done to straighten a deviated nasal septum – the nasal septum being the partition between the two nasal cavities. Sleep apnea and Septoplasty are Otorhinolaryngology.
See Sleep apnea and Septoplasty
Sleep
Sleep is a state of reduced mental and physical activity in which consciousness is altered and certain sensory activity is inhibited.
Sleep disorder
A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of an individual's sleep patterns. Sleep apnea and sleep disorder are sleep disorders.
See Sleep apnea and Sleep disorder
Sleep medicine
Sleep medicine is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. Sleep apnea and sleep medicine are sleep physiology.
See Sleep apnea and Sleep medicine
Sleep surgery
Sleep surgery is a surgery performed to treat sleep disordered breathing.
See Sleep apnea and Sleep surgery
Slow-wave sleep
Slow-wave sleep (SWS), often referred to as deep sleep, is the third stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), where electroencephalography activity is characterised by slow delta waves. Sleep apnea and slow-wave sleep are sleep physiology.
See Sleep apnea and Slow-wave sleep
Smoking
Smoking is a practice in which a substance is combusted and the resulting smoke is typically inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream of a person.
Snoring
Snoring is the vibration of respiratory structures and the resulting sound due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping. Sleep apnea and Snoring are sleep disorders.
Soft palate
The soft palate (also known as the velum, palatal velum, or muscular palate) is, in mammals, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.
See Sleep apnea and Soft palate
Steatosis
Steatosis, also called fatty change, is abnormal retention of fat (lipids) within a cell or organ.
Stroke
Stroke (also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack) is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death.
Sydney
Sydney is the capital city of the state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia.
The Pickwick Papers
The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (also known as The Pickwick Papers) was the first novel by English author Charles Dickens.
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Tonsil
The tonsils are a set of lymphoid organs facing into the aerodigestive tract, which is known as Waldeyer's tonsillar ring and consists of the adenoid tonsil (or pharyngeal tonsil), two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsils.
Tonsillectomy
Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are fully removed from the back of the throat. Sleep apnea and Tonsillectomy are Otorhinolaryngology.
See Sleep apnea and Tonsillectomy
Traffic collision
A traffic collision, also known as a motor vehicle collision, or car crash, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other moving or stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.
See Sleep apnea and Traffic collision
Triazolam
Triazolam, sold under the brand name Halcion among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepine (BZD) derivatives.
United States Preventive Services Task Force
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is "an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services".
See Sleep apnea and United States Preventive Services Task Force
Upper airway resistance syndrome
Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a sleep disorder characterized by the narrowing of the airway that can cause disruptions to sleep. Sleep apnea and Upper airway resistance syndrome are breathing abnormalities, sleep disorders and sleep physiology.
See Sleep apnea and Upper airway resistance syndrome
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (also known by the abbreviations UPPP and UP3) is a surgical procedure or sleep surgery used to remove tissue and/or remodel tissue in the throat. Sleep apnea and Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty are Otorhinolaryngology.
See Sleep apnea and Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts.
See Sleep apnea and White matter
William Osler
Sir William Osler, 1st Baronet, (July 12, 1849 – December 29, 1919) was a Canadian physician and one of the "Big Four" founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital.
See Sleep apnea and William Osler
Zolpidem
Zolpidem, sold under the brand name Ambien among others, is a medication primarily used for the short-term treatment of sleeping problems.
See also
Breathing abnormalities
- Agonal respiration
- Apnea
- Apnea of prematurity
- Apneustic respirations
- Ataxic respiration
- Biot's respiration
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
- Bradypnea
- Breath-holding spell
- Central hypoventilation syndrome
- Central neurogenic hyperventilation
- Cheyne–Stokes respiration
- Getting the wind knocked out of you
- Hyperpnea
- Hyperventilation
- Hypopnea
- Hypoventilation
- Infantile apnea
- Kussmaul breathing
- Labored breathing
- Mouth breathing
- Orthopnea
- Platypnea
- Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome
- Shallow breathing
- Shortness of breath
- Sleep apnea
- Tachypnea
- Trepopnea
- Upper airway resistance syndrome
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_apnea
Also known as Apnea vera, Mixed sleep apnea, Obstructive sleep apnea following pharyngeal flap surgery, Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, Sleep apnea syndrome, Sleep apnea syndromes, Sleep apnea-hipopnea sindrome, Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, Sleep apnia, Sleep apnoea, Sleep apnoea syndrome, Sleep choking syndrome.
, Myth, Nasal EPAP, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Neurodegenerative disease, Nurse anesthetist, Obesity, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, Obstructive sleep apnea, Oral pressure therapy, Otorhinolaryngology, Overweight, Palatal expansion, Periodic breathing, Pharynx, Polysomnography, Psychology Today, Pulse oximetry, Randomized controlled trial, Rapid eye movement sleep, Respiratory acidosis, Respiratory disturbance index, Seizure, Septoplasty, Sleep, Sleep disorder, Sleep medicine, Sleep surgery, Slow-wave sleep, Smoking, Snoring, Soft palate, Steatosis, Stroke, Sydney, The Pickwick Papers, Tonsil, Tonsillectomy, Traffic collision, Triazolam, United States Preventive Services Task Force, Upper airway resistance syndrome, Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, White matter, William Osler, Zolpidem.