Sociology, the Glossary
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.[1]
Table of Contents
517 relations: A General View of Positivism, Adolphe Quetelet, Advocacy group, Ageing, Agency (sociology), Agent-based model, Albion Woodbury Small, Alexis de Tocqueville, Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, American Journal of Sociology, American Sociological Association, American Sociological Review, Analytical sociology, Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Judaism (book), Annual Review of Sociology, Anomie, Anselm Strauss, Anthony Giddens, Anthropology, Anti-racism, Antihumanism, Antipositivism, Archival research, Aristotle, Artificial intelligence, Artificial society, ATLAS.ti, Audience reception, Auguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Base and superstructure, Basil Blackwell, Behavioural sciences, Bibliography of sociology, Binghamton University, Biologist, Bounded rationality, Bourgeoisie, British Sociological Association, Bronisław Malinowski, Bruno Latour, Business magnate, Cambridge University Press, Capitalism, Caste, Catholic Church, Causality, Cengage Group, Centrality, ... Expand index (467 more) »
A General View of Positivism
A General View of Positivism (Discours sur l'ensemble du positivisme) is a 1848 book by the French philosopher Auguste Comte, first published in English in 1865.
See Sociology and A General View of Positivism
Adolphe Quetelet
Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet FRSF or FRSE (22 February 1796 – 17 February 1874) was a Belgian astronomer, mathematician, statistician and sociologist who founded and directed the Brussels Observatory and was influential in introducing statistical methods to the social sciences.
See Sociology and Adolphe Quetelet
Advocacy group
Advocacy groups, also known as lobby groups, interest groups, special interest groups, pressure groups, or public associations, use various forms of advocacy or lobbying to influence public opinion and ultimate public policy.
See Sociology and Advocacy group
Ageing
Ageing (or aging in American English) is the process of becoming older.
Agency (sociology)
In social science, agency is the capacity of individuals to have the power and resources to fulfill their potential.
See Sociology and Agency (sociology)
Agent-based model
An agent-based model (ABM) is a computational model for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) in order to understand the behavior of a system and what governs its outcomes.
See Sociology and Agent-based model
Albion Woodbury Small
Albion Woodbury Small (May 11, 1854 – March 24, 1926) founded the first independent department of sociology in the United States at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, in 1892.
See Sociology and Albion Woodbury Small
Alexis de Tocqueville
Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville (29 July 180516 April 1859), was a French aristocrat, diplomat, sociologist, political scientist, political philosopher, and historian.
See Sociology and Alexis de Tocqueville
Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, FBA (born Alfred Reginald Brown; 1881–1955) was an English social anthropologist who helped further develop the theory of structural functionalism.
See Sociology and Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
American Journal of Sociology
The American Journal of Sociology is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly academic journal that publishes original research and book reviews in the field of sociology and related social sciences.
See Sociology and American Journal of Sociology
American Sociological Association
The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology.
See Sociology and American Sociological Association
American Sociological Review
The American Sociological Review is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of sociology.
See Sociology and American Sociological Review
Analytical sociology
Analytical sociology is a strategy for understanding the social world.
See Sociology and Analytical sociology
Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.
See Sociology and Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Judaism (book)
Ancient Judaism (Das antike Judentum) is an essay written by the German economist and sociologist Max Weber in the early 20th century.
See Sociology and Ancient Judaism (book)
Annual Review of Sociology
The Annual Review of Sociology is an annual peer-reviewed review journal published by Annual Reviews since 1975.
See Sociology and Annual Review of Sociology
Anomie
In sociology, anomie or anomy is a social condition defined by an uprooting or breakdown of any moral values, standards or guidance for individuals to follow.
Anselm Strauss
Anselm Leonard Strauss (December 18, 1916 – September 5, 1996) was an American sociologist professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) internationally known as a medical sociologist (especially for his pioneering attention to chronic illness and dying) and as the developer (with Barney Glaser) of grounded theory, an innovative method of qualitative analysis widely used in sociology, nursing, education, social work, and organizational studies.
See Sociology and Anselm Strauss
Anthony Giddens
Anthony Giddens, Baron Giddens (born 18 January 1938) is an English sociologist who is known for his theory of structuration and his holistic view of modern societies.
See Sociology and Anthony Giddens
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans.
See Sociology and Anthropology
Anti-racism
Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups.
Antihumanism
In social theory and philosophy, antihumanism or anti-humanism is a theory that is critical of traditional humanism, traditional ideas about humanity and the human condition.
See Sociology and Antihumanism
Antipositivism
In social science, antipositivism (also interpretivism, negativism or antinaturalism) is a theoretical stance which proposes that the social realm cannot be studied with the methods of investigation utilized within the natural sciences, and that investigation of the social realm requires a different epistemology.
See Sociology and Antipositivism
Archival research
Archival research is a type of research which involves seeking out and extracting evidence from archival records.
See Sociology and Archival research
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.
See Sociology and Artificial intelligence
Artificial society
An artificial society is an agent-based computational model for computer simulation in social analysis.
See Sociology and Artificial society
ATLAS.ti
ATLAS.ti is a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software that facilitates analysis of qualitative data for qualitative research, quantitative research, and mixed methods research.
Audience reception
Also known as reception analysis, audience reception theory has come to be widely used as a way of characterizing the wave of audience research which occurred within communications and cultural studies during the 1980s and 1990s.
See Sociology and Audience reception
Auguste Comte
Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte (19 January 1798 – 30 September 1857) was a French philosopher, mathematician and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism.
See Sociology and Auguste Comte
Émile Durkheim
David Émile Durkheim (or; 15 April 1858 – 15 November 1917), professionally known simply as Émile Durkheim, was a French sociologist.
See Sociology and Émile Durkheim
Base and superstructure
In Marxist theory, society consists of two parts: the base (or substructure) and superstructure.
See Sociology and Base and superstructure
Basil Blackwell
Sir Basil Henry Blackwell (29 May 18899 April 1984) was born in Oxford, England.
See Sociology and Basil Blackwell
Behavioural sciences
Behavioural sciences is a branch of science that explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions that occur between organisms in the natural world.
See Sociology and Behavioural sciences
Bibliography of sociology
This bibliography of sociology is a list of works, organized by subdiscipline, on the subject of sociology.
See Sociology and Bibliography of sociology
Binghamton University
The State University of New York at Binghamton (Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton) is a public research university with campuses in Binghamton, Vestal, and Johnson City, New York.
See Sociology and Binghamton University
Biologist
A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology.
Bounded rationality
Bounded rationality is the idea that rationality is limited when individuals make decisions, and under these limitations, rational individuals will select a decision that is satisfactory rather than optimal.
See Sociology and Bounded rationality
Bourgeoisie
The bourgeoisie are a class of business owners and merchants which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between peasantry and aristocracy.
British Sociological Association
The British Sociological Association (BSA) is a scholarly and professional society for sociologists in the United Kingdom.
See Sociology and British Sociological Association
Bronisław Malinowski
Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942) was a Polish-British anthropologist and ethnologist whose writings on ethnography, social theory, and field research have exerted a lasting influence on the discipline of anthropology.
See Sociology and Bronisław Malinowski
Bruno Latour
Bruno Latour (22 June 1947 – 9 October 2022) was a French philosopher, anthropologist and sociologist.
See Sociology and Bruno Latour
Business magnate
A business magnate, also known as an industrialist or tycoon, is a person who has achieved immense wealth through the creation or ownership of multiple lines of enterprise.
See Sociology and Business magnate
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Sociology and Cambridge University Press
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
Caste
A caste is a fixed social group into which an individual is born within a particular system of social stratification: a caste system.
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Sociology and Catholic Church
Causality
Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly dependent on the cause.
Cengage Group
Cengage Group is an American educational content, technology, and services company for higher education, K–12, professional, and library markets.
See Sociology and Cengage Group
Centrality
In graph theory and network analysis, indicators of centrality assign numbers or rankings to nodes within a graph corresponding to their network position.
Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) was a research centre at the University of Birmingham, England.
See Sociology and Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
Charles Horton Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley (August 17, 1864 – May 7, 1929) was an American sociologist.
See Sociology and Charles Horton Cooley
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (née Perkins; July 3, 1860 – August 17, 1935), also known by her first married name Charlotte Perkins Stetson, was an American humanist, novelist, writer, lecturer, advocate for social reform, and eugenicist.
See Sociology and Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Chicago school (sociology)
The Chicago school (sometimes known as the ecological school) refers to a school of thought in sociology and criminology originating at the University of Chicago whose work was influential in the early 20th century.
See Sociology and Chicago school (sociology)
Child
A child is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty.
Civil religion
Civil religion, also referred to as a civic religion, is the implicit religious values of a nation, as expressed through public rituals, symbols (such as the national flag), and ceremonies on sacred days and at sacred places (such as monuments, battlefields, or national cemeteries).
See Sociology and Civil religion
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Claude Lévi-Strauss (28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theories of structuralism and structural anthropology.
See Sociology and Claude Lévi-Strauss
Climate change
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.
See Sociology and Climate change
Clinical social work is a specialty within the broader profession of social work.
See Sociology and Clinical social work
Collective action
Collective action refers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their condition and achieve a common objective.
See Sociology and Collective action
Columbia University
Columbia University, officially Columbia University in the City of New York, is a private Ivy League research university in New York City.
See Sociology and Columbia University
Combat
Combat (French for fight) is a purposeful violent conflict between multiple combatants with the intent to harm the opposition.
Communication studies
Communication studies (or communication science) is an academic discipline that deals with processes of human communication and behavior, patterns of communication in interpersonal relationships, social interactions and communication in different cultures.
See Sociology and Communication studies
A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with a shared socially significant characteristic, such as place, set of norms, culture, religion, values, customs, or identity.
The United Nations defines community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems." It is a broad concept, applied to the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens, and professionals to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger and more resilient local communities.
See Sociology and Community development
Community mobilization is an attempt to bring both human and non-human resources together to undertake developmental activities in order to achieve sustainable development.
See Sociology and Community mobilization
Community organization or community based organization refers to organization aimed at making desired improvements to a community's social health, well-being, and overall functioning.
See Sociology and Community organization
Community practice also known as macro practice or community work is a branch of social work in the United States that focuses on larger social systems and social change, and is tied to the historical roots of United States social work.
See Sociology and Community practice
Comparative historical research
Comparative historical research is a method of social science that examines historical events in order to create explanations that are valid beyond a particular time and place, either by direct comparison to other historical events, theory building, or reference to the present day.
See Sociology and Comparative historical research
Complex system
A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other.
See Sociology and Complex system
Computational sociology
Computational sociology is a branch of sociology that uses computationally intensive methods to analyze and model social phenomena.
See Sociology and Computational sociology
Computer science
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation.
See Sociology and Computer science
Computer simulation
Computer simulation is the process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer, which is designed to predict the behaviour of, or the outcome of, a real-world or physical system.
See Sociology and Computer simulation
Conflict theories
Conflict theories are perspectives in political philosophy and sociology which argue that individuals and groups (social classes) within society interact on the basis of conflict rather than agreement, while also emphasizing social psychology, historical materialism, power dynamics, and their roles in creating power structures, social movements, and social arrangements within a society.
See Sociology and Conflict theories
Confucius
Confucius (孔子; pinyin), born Kong Qiu (孔丘), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages, as well as the first teacher in China to advocate for mass education.
Content analysis
Content analysis is the study of documents and communication artifacts, which might be texts of various formats, pictures, audio or video.
See Sociology and Content analysis
Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.
See Sociology and Continental Europe
Control theory (sociology)
Control theory in sociology is the idea that two control systems—inner controls and outer controls—work against our tendencies to deviate.
See Sociology and Control theory (sociology)
Convenience sampling
Convenience sampling (also known as grab sampling, accidental sampling, or opportunity sampling) is a type of non-probability sampling that involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population that is close to hand.
See Sociology and Convenience sampling
Course of Positive Philosophy
The Course of Positive Philosophy (Cours de Philosophie Positive) was a series of texts written by the French philosopher of science and founding sociologist, Auguste Comte, between 1830 and 1842.
See Sociology and Course of Positive Philosophy
Critical juncture theory
Critical juncture theory focuses on critical junctures, i.e., large, rapid, discontinuous changes, and the long-term causal effect or historical legacy of these changes.
See Sociology and Critical juncture theory
Critical theory
A critical theory is any approach to humanities and social philosophy that focuses on society and culture to attempt to reveal, critique, and challenge power structures.
See Sociology and Critical theory
Critical thinking
Critical thinking is the analysis of available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments in order to form a judgement by the application of rational, skeptical, and unbiased analyses and evaluation.
See Sociology and Critical thinking
Cultural anthropology
Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans.
See Sociology and Cultural anthropology
Cultural assimilation
Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assimilates the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially.
See Sociology and Cultural assimilation
Cultural capital
In the field of sociology, cultural capital comprises the social assets of a person (education, intellect, style of speech, style of dress, social capital, etc.) that promote social mobility in a stratified society.
See Sociology and Cultural capital
Cultural studies
Cultural studies is a politically engaged postdisciplinary academic field that explores the dynamics of especially contemporary culture (including the politics of popular culture) and its social and historical foundations.
See Sociology and Cultural studies
Cultural turn
The cultural turn is a movement beginning in the early 1970s among scholars in the humanities and social sciences to make culture the focus of contemporary debates; it also describes a shift in emphasis toward meaning and away from a positivist epistemology.
See Sociology and Cultural turn
Culture theory
Culture theory is the branch of comparative anthropology and semiotics that seeks to define the heuristic concept of culture in operational and/or scientific terms.
See Sociology and Culture theory
Demography
Demography is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration.
Dependency theory
Dependency theory is the idea that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and exploited states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.
See Sociology and Dependency theory
Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable.
See Sociology and Dependent and independent variables
Desegregation busing
Desegregation busing (also known simply as busing or integrated busing or by its critics as forced busing) was a failed attempt to diversify the racial make-up of schools in the United States by sending students to school districts other than their own.
See Sociology and Desegregation busing
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See Sociology and Developing country
Deviance (sociology)
Deviance or the sociology of deviance explores the actions and/or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).
See Sociology and Deviance (sociology)
Diachrony and synchrony
Synchrony and diachrony are two complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis.
See Sociology and Diachrony and synchrony
Dialectic
Dialectic (διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; Dialektik), also known as the dialectical method, refers originally to dialogue between people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to arrive at the truth through reasoned argumentation.
Disability
Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society.
Division of labour
The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation).
See Sociology and Division of labour
Domesday Book
Domesday Book (the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of King William the Conqueror.
See Sociology and Domesday Book
Dorothy Swaine Thomas
Dorothy Swaine Thomas (October 24, 1899 – May 1, 1977) was an American sociologist and economist.
See Sociology and Dorothy Swaine Thomas
Douglas Davies
Douglas James Davies, (born 11 February 1947) is a Welsh Anglican theologian, anthropologist, religious leader and academic, specialising in the history, theology, and sociology of death.
See Sociology and Douglas Davies
Dramaturgy (sociology)
Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective that analyzes micro-sociological accounts of everyday social interactions through the analogy of performativity and theatrical dramaturgy, dividing such interactions between "actors", "audience" members, and various "front" and "back" stages.
See Sociology and Dramaturgy (sociology)
Duane Rousselle
Duane Rousselle (born April 28, 1982) is a Canadian sociological theorist, Lacanian psychoanalyst, and Professor of Sociology.
See Sociology and Duane Rousselle
Earl Babbie
Earl Robert Babbie (born January 8, 1938), is an American sociologist who holds the position of Campbell Professor Emeritus in Behavioral Sciences at Chapman University.
Economic determinism
Economic determinism is a socioeconomic theory that economic relationships (such as being an owner or capitalist or being a worker or proletarian) are the foundation upon which all other societal and political arrangements in society are based.
See Sociology and Economic determinism
Economic sociology
Economic sociology is the study of the social cause and effect of various economic phenomena.
See Sociology and Economic sociology
Economics
Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Education
Education is the transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits and manifests in various forms.
Edvard Westermarck
Edvard Alexander Westermarck (20 November 1862 in Helsinki – 3 September 1939 in Tenala) was a Finnish philosopher and sociologist.
See Sociology and Edvard Westermarck
Embeddedness
In economics and economic sociology, embeddedness refers to the degree to which economic activity is constrained by non-economic institutions.
See Sociology and Embeddedness
Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (3 May 174820 June 1836), usually known as the Abbé Sieyès, was a French Roman Catholic abbé, clergyman, and political writer who was the chief political theorist of the French Revolution (1789–1799); he also held offices in the governments of the French Consulate (1799–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815).
See Sociology and Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Empirical research
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.
See Sociology and Empirical research
Empiricism
In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Sociology and Encyclopædia Britannica
Engaged theory
Engaged theory is a methodological framework for understanding the social complexity of a society, by using social relations as the base category of study, with the social always understood as grounded in the natural, including people as embodied beings.
See Sociology and Engaged theory
English school of international relations theory
The English School of international relations theory (sometimes also referred to as liberal realism, the International Society school or the British institutionalists) maintains that there is a 'society of states' at the international level, despite the condition of anarchy (that is, the lack of a global ruler or world state).
See Sociology and English school of international relations theory
English-speaking world
The English-speaking world comprises the 88 countries and territories in which English is an official, administrative, or cultural language.
See Sociology and English-speaking world
Enumeration
An enumeration is a complete, ordered listing of all the items in a collection.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.
See Sociology and Epidemiology
Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge.
See Sociology and Epistemology
Erving Goffman
Erving Goffman (11 June 1922 – 19 November 1982) was a Canadian-born American sociologist, social psychologist, and writer, considered by some "the most influential American sociologist of the twentieth century".
See Sociology and Erving Goffman
Ethnicity
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.
Ethnomethodology
Ethnomethodology is the study of how social order is produced in and through processes of social interaction.
See Sociology and Ethnomethodology
Everett Carll Ladd
Everett Carll Ladd Jr. (September 24, 1937 December 8, 1999) was an American political scientist based at the University of Connecticut.
See Sociology and Everett Carll Ladd
Existence
Existence is the state of having being or reality in contrast to nonexistence and nonbeing.
Existentialism
Existentialism is a family of views and forms of philosophical inquiry that explores the issue of human existence.
See Sociology and Existentialism
Experiment
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
Feminist sociology
Feminist sociology is an interdisciplinary exploration of gender and power throughout society.
See Sociology and Feminist sociology
Feminist theory
Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse.
See Sociology and Feminist theory
Ferdinand de Saussure
Ferdinand de Saussure (26 November 185722 February 1913) was a Swiss linguist, semiotician and philosopher.
See Sociology and Ferdinand de Saussure
Ferdinand Tönnies
Ferdinand Tönnies (26 July 1855 – 9 April 1936) was a German sociologist, economist, and philosopher.
See Sociology and Ferdinand Tönnies
Florian Znaniecki
Florian Witold Znaniecki (15 January 1882 – 23 March 1958) was a Polish and American philosopher and sociologist who taught and wrote in Poland and in the United States.
See Sociology and Florian Znaniecki
Frank W. Blackmar
Frank Wilson Blackmar (November 3, 1854 – March 30, 1931) was an American sociologist, historian and educator.
See Sociology and Frank W. Blackmar
Frankfurt School
The Frankfurt School is a school of thought in sociology and critical philosophy.
See Sociology and Frankfurt School
Frederick Copleston
Frederick Charles Copleston (10 April 1907 – 3 February 1994) was an English Jesuit priest, philosopher, and historian of philosophy, best known for his influential multi-volume A History of Philosophy (1946–75).
See Sociology and Frederick Copleston
Fredric Jameson
Fredric Jameson (born April 14, 1934) is an American literary critic, philosopher and Marxist political theorist.
See Sociology and Fredric Jameson
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
See Sociology and French Revolution
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.
See Sociology and Friedrich Engels
Friendship
Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between people.
Geisteswissenschaft
Geisteswissenschaften ("sciences of mind", "spirit science") is a set of human sciences such as philosophy, history, philology, musicology, linguistics, theater studies, literary studies, media studies, religious studies and sometimes even jurisprudence, that are traditional in German universities.
See Sociology and Geisteswissenschaft
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, generally translated as "community and society", are categories which were used by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in order to categorize social relationships into two types.
See Sociology and Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Gender
Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity.
Gender & Society
Gender & Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research in the field of gender studies.
See Sociology and Gender & Society
Gender role
A gender role, or sex role, is a set of socially accepted behaviors and attitudes deemed appropriate or desirable for individuals based on their sex.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Georg Simmel
Georg Simmel (1 March 1858 – 26 September 1918) was a German sociologist, philosopher, and critic.
See Sociology and Georg Simmel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential figures of German idealism and 19th-century philosophy.
See Sociology and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
George C. Homans
George Caspar Homans (August 11, 1910 – May 29, 1989) was an American sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology, the 54th president of the American Sociological Association, and one of the architects of social exchange theory.
See Sociology and George C. Homans
George Catlin (political scientist)
Sir George Edward Gordon Catlin (26 July 1896 – 7 February 1979) was an English political scientist and philosopher.
See Sociology and George Catlin (political scientist)
George Herbert Mead
George Herbert Mead (February 27, 1863 – April 26, 1931) was an American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago.
See Sociology and George Herbert Mead
George Ritzer
George Ritzer (born October 14, 1940) is an American sociologist, professor, and author who has mainly studied globalization, metatheory, patterns of consumption, and modern/postmodern social theory.
See Sociology and George Ritzer
German Sociological Association
The German Sociological Association (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie, DGS) is a professional organization of social scientists in Germany.
See Sociology and German Sociological Association
Gerontology
Gerontology is the study of the social, cultural, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of aging.
Gestational age
In obstetrics, gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy taken from the beginning of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method, if available.
See Sociology and Gestational age
Global city
A global city, also known as a power city, world city, alpha city, or world center, is a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network. The concept originates from geography and urban studies, based on the thesis that globalization has created a hierarchy of strategic geographic locations with varying degrees of influence over finance, trade, and culture worldwide.
Global North and Global South
Global North and Global South are terms that denote a method of grouping countries based on their defining characteristics with regard to socioeconomics and politics.
See Sociology and Global North and Global South
The Global Social Change Research Project is a project devoted to bringing a clear understanding to the general public about social change.
See Sociology and Global Social Change Research Project
Globalization
Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
See Sociology and Globalization
Goethe University Frankfurt
Goethe University Frankfurt (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main) is a public research university located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
See Sociology and Goethe University Frankfurt
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.
See Sociology and Google Books
Grand theory
Grand theory is a term coined by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills in The Sociological Imagination to refer to the form of highly abstract theorizing in which the formal organization and arrangement of concepts takes priority over understanding the social reality.
See Sociology and Grand theory
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Sociology and Greek language
Grounded theory
Grounded theory is a systematic methodology that has been largely applied to qualitative research conducted by social scientists.
See Sociology and Grounded theory
Group cohesiveness
Group cohesiveness, also called group cohesion or social cohesion, arises when bonds link members of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole.
See Sociology and Group cohesiveness
Group dynamics
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (''inter''group dynamics).
See Sociology and Group dynamics
Harold Garfinkel
Harold Garfinkel (October 29, 1917 – April 21, 2011) was an American sociologist and ethnomethodologist, who taught at the University of California, Los Angeles.
See Sociology and Harold Garfinkel
Harriet Martineau
Harriet Martineau (12 June 1802 – 27 June 1876) was an English social theorist.
See Sociology and Harriet Martineau
Harrison White
Harrison Colyar White (March 21, 1930 – May 18, 2024) was an American sociologist who was the Giddings Professor of Sociology at Columbia University.
See Sociology and Harrison White
The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies, more commonly known as the "Department of Social Relations", was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University (anthropology, psychology, and sociology) beginning in 1946.
See Sociology and Harvard Department of Social Relations
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
See Sociology and Harvard University
Henri de Saint-Simon
Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon (17 October 1760 – 19 May 1825), better known as Henri de Saint-Simon, was a French political, economic and socialist theorist and businessman whose thought had a substantial influence on politics, economics, sociology and the philosophy of science.
See Sociology and Henri de Saint-Simon
Herbert A. Simon
Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist whose work also influenced the fields of computer science, economics, and cognitive psychology.
See Sociology and Herbert A. Simon
Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist.
See Sociology and Herbert Spencer
Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
Hermeneutics
Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.
See Sociology and Hermeneutics
Hippolyte Taine
Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (21 April 1828 – 5 March 1893) was a French historian, critic and philosopher.
See Sociology and Hippolyte Taine
Historical method
Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past.
See Sociology and Historical method
The history of the social sciences has origin in the common stock of Western philosophy and shares various precursors, but began most intentionally in the early 18th century with the positivist philosophy of science.
See Sociology and History of the social sciences
Human geography
Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography which studies spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, and their interactions with the environment, examples of which include urban sprawl and urban redevelopment.
See Sociology and Human geography
Human science
Human science (or human sciences in the plural) studies the philosophical, biological, social, justice, and cultural aspects of human life.
See Sociology and Human science
Human sexuality
Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually.
See Sociology and Human sexuality
Humanities
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture, including certain fundamental questions asked by humans.
Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun (أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي.,, Arabic:; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH) was an Arab sociologist, philosopher, and historian widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and considered by many to be the father of historiography, sociology, economics, and demography studies.
Ideal type
Ideal type (Idealtypus), also known as pure type, is a typological term most closely associated with the sociologist Max Weber (1864–1920).
Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, and/or expressions that characterize a person or a group.
See Sociology and Identity (social science)
Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".
Immanuel Wallerstein
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein (September 28, 1930 – August 31, 2019) was an American sociologist and economic historian.
See Sociology and Immanuel Wallerstein
In situ
In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.
See Sociology and Industrial Revolution
Industrial society
In sociology, an industrial society is a society driven by the use of technology and machinery to enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division of labour.
See Sociology and Industrial society
Inference
Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward".
Information society
An information society is a society or subculture where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity.
See Sociology and Information society
Interactionism
In micro-sociology, interactionism is a theoretical perspective that sees social behavior as an interactive product of the individual and the situation.
See Sociology and Interactionism
International development
International development or global development is a broad concept denoting the idea that societies and countries have differing levels of economic or human development on an international scale.
See Sociology and International development
International Sociological Association
The International Sociological Association (ISA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to scientific purposes in the field of sociology and social sciences.
See Sociology and International Sociological Association
International Sociology
International Sociology is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of sociology.
See Sociology and International Sociology
Interpersonal ties
In social network analysis and mathematical sociology, interpersonal ties are defined as information-carrying connections between people.
See Sociology and Interpersonal ties
Intersubjectivity
In philosophy, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, intersubjectivity is the relation or intersection between people's cognitive perspectives.
See Sociology and Intersubjectivity
Irving Louis Horowitz
Irving Louis Horowitz (September 25, 1929 – March 21, 2012) was an American sociologist, author, and college professor who wrote and lectured extensively in his field, and in his later years came to fear that it risked being seized by left-wing ideologues.
See Sociology and Irving Louis Horowitz
Isaiah Berlin
Sir Isaiah Berlin (24 May/6 June 1909 – 5 November 1997) was a Russian-British social and political theorist, philosopher, and historian of ideas.
See Sociology and Isaiah Berlin
James G. March
James Gardner March (January 15, 1928 – September 27, 2018) was an American political scientist, sociologist, and economist.
See Sociology and James G. March
James Samuel Coleman
James Samuel Coleman (May 12, 1926 – March 25, 1995) was an American sociologist, theorist, and empirical researcher, based chiefly at the University of Chicago.
See Sociology and James Samuel Coleman
Jane Addams
Laura Jane Addams (September 6, 1860May 21, 1935) was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator, philosopher, and author.
Jürgen Habermas
Jürgen Habermas (born 18 June 1929) is a German philosopher and social theorist in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism.
See Sociology and Jürgen Habermas
John Bellamy Foster
John Bellamy Foster (born August 19, 1953) is an American professor of sociology at the University of Oregon and editor of the Monthly Review.
See Sociology and John Bellamy Foster
John Dewey
John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer.
John Harriss
John Charles Harriss (born England, 1945) is an emeritus professor of international studies at Simon Fraser University, visiting faculty at the London School of Economics and Professorial Associate at SOAS.
See Sociology and John Harriss
John Levi Martin
John Levi Martin (born 1964) is an American sociologist and the Florence Borchert Bartling Professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago.
See Sociology and John Levi Martin
Josh Whitford
Josh Whitford is an American sociologist and an associate professor at Columbia University.
See Sociology and Josh Whitford
Journal of the History of Ideas
The Journal of the History of Ideas is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering intellectual history, conceptual history, and the history of ideas, including the histories of philosophy, literature and the arts, natural and social sciences, religion, and political thought.
See Sociology and Journal of the History of Ideas
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence is the philosophy and theory of law.
See Sociology and Jurisprudence
Karl Mannheim
Karl Mannheim (born Károly Manheim, 27 March 1893 – 9 January 1947) was a Hungarian sociologist and a key figure in classical sociology as well as one of the founders of the sociology of knowledge.
See Sociology and Karl Mannheim
Karl Marx
Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.
Kinship
In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.
L'Année sociologique
L'Année sociologique is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of sociology established in 1898 by Émile Durkheim, who also served as its first editor-in-chief.
See Sociology and L'Année sociologique
Labour power
Labour power (Arbeitskraft; force de travail) is the capacity to do work, a key concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of capitalist political economy.
See Sociology and Labour power
Laissez-faire
Laissez-faire (or, from laissez faire) is a type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies or regulations).
See Sociology and Laissez-faire
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Law of three stages
The law of three stages is an idea developed by Auguste Comte in his work The Course in Positive Philosophy.
See Sociology and Law of three stages
Leonard Hobhouse
Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, FBA (8 September 1864 – 21 June 1929) was an English liberal political theorist and sociologist, who has been considered one of the leading and earliest proponents of social liberalism.
See Sociology and Leonard Hobhouse
Lester Frank Ward
Lester Frank Ward (June 18, 1841 – April 18, 1913) was an American botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist.
See Sociology and Lester Frank Ward
Lewis A. Coser
Lewis Alfred Coser (27 November 1913 in Berlin – 8 July 2003 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a German-American sociologist, serving as the 66th president of the American Sociological Association in 1975.
See Sociology and Lewis A. Coser
Linguistic anthropology
Linguistic anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life.
See Sociology and Linguistic anthropology
Linguistic turn
The linguistic turn was a major development in Western philosophy during the early 20th century, the most important characteristic of which is the focusing of philosophy primarily on the relations between language, language users, and the world.
See Sociology and Linguistic turn
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars
Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following.
See Sociology and List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars
List of sociologists
This list of sociologists includes people who have made notable contributions to sociological theory or to research in one or more areas of sociology.
See Sociology and List of sociologists
Literary criticism
A genre of arts criticism, literary criticism or literary studies is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.
See Sociology and Literary criticism
Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis.
See Sociology and Literary theory
Loïc Wacquant
Loïc J. D. Wacquant (born 1960) is a French sociologist specializing in urban sociology, urban poverty, racial inequality, the body, social theory and ethnography.
See Sociology and Loïc Wacquant
Logos
Logos (lit) is a term used in Western philosophy, psychology and rhetoric, as well as religion (notably Christianity); among its connotations is that of a rational form of discourse that relies on inductive and deductive reasoning.
London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public research university in London, England, and amember institution of the University of London.
See Sociology and London School of Economics
Longitudinal study
A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data).
See Sociology and Longitudinal study
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (simply University of Munich or LMU; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
See Sociology and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Macmillan Publishers
Macmillan Publishers (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group; formally Macmillan Publishers Ltd in the UK and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC in the US) is a British publishing company traditionally considered to be one of the 'Big Five' English language publishers (along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster).
See Sociology and Macmillan Publishers
Macrosociology
Macrosociology is a large-scale approach to sociology, emphasizing the analysis of social systems and populations at the structural level, often at a necessarily high level of theoretical abstraction.
See Sociology and Macrosociology
Management
Management (or managing) is the administration of organizations, whether they are a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body through business administration, nonprofit management, or the political science sub-field of public administration respectively.
Manuel Castells
Manuel Castells Oliván (born 9 February 1942) is a Spanish sociologist.
See Sociology and Manuel Castells
Manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way.
Marcel Mauss
Marcel Mauss (10 May 1872 – 10 February 1950) was a French sociologist and anthropologist known as the "father of French ethnology".
See Sociology and Marcel Mauss
Margaret Archer
Margaret Scotford Archer (20 January 1943 – 21 May 2023) was an English sociologist, who spent most of her academic career at the University of Warwick where she was for many years Professor of Sociology.
See Sociology and Margaret Archer
Marianne Weber
Marianne Weber (born Marianne Schnitger; 2 August 1870 – 12 March 1954) was a German sociologist, women's rights activist and the wife of Max Weber.
See Sociology and Marianne Weber
Mark Granovetter
Mark Sanford Granovetter (born October 20, 1943) is an American sociologist and professor at Stanford University.
See Sociology and Mark Granovetter
Marquis de Condorcet
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet (17 September 1743 – 29 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French political economist and mathematician.
See Sociology and Marquis de Condorcet
Marshall McLuhan
Herbert Marshall McLuhan (July 21, 1911 – December 31, 1980) was a Canadian philosopher whose work is among the cornerstones of the study of media theory.
See Sociology and Marshall McLuhan
Martin Malia
Martin Edward Malia (March 14, 1924, Springfield, MassachusettsNovember 19, 2004, Oakland, California) was an American historian specializing in Russian history.
See Sociology and Martin Malia
Marxism
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.
Mathematical sociology
Mathematical sociology is an interdisciplinary field of research concerned with the use of mathematics within sociological research.
See Sociology and Mathematical sociology
Max Scheler
Max Ferdinand Scheler (22 August 1874 – 19 May 1928) was a German philosopher known for his work in phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology.
Max Weber
Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist who was one of the central figures in the development of sociology and the social sciences more generally.
MAXQDA
MAXQDA is a software program designed for computer-assisted qualitative and mixed methods data, text and multimedia analysis in academic, scientific, and business institutions.
McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.
See Sociology and McGraw Hill Education
Means of production
In political philosophy, the means of production refers to the generally necessary assets and resources that enable a society to engage in production.
See Sociology and Means of production
Medical sociology
Medical sociology is the sociological analysis of medical organizations and institutions; the production of knowledge and selection of methods, the actions and interactions of healthcare professionals, and the social or cultural (rather than clinical or bodily) effects of medical practice.
See Sociology and Medical sociology
Mental health
Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior.
See Sociology and Mental health
Metabolic rift is a theory of ecological crisis tendencies under the capitalist mode of production that sociologist John Bellamy Foster ascribes to Karl Marx.
See Sociology and Metabolic rift
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality.
Methodological nationalism
In social science, methodological nationalism is an intellectual orientation and pattern in scholarly research that conceives of the nation-state as the sole unit of analysis or as a container for social processes.
See Sociology and Methodological nationalism
Methodology
In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods.
Michael Burawoy
Michael Burawoy (born 15 June 1947) is a British sociologist working within Marxist social theory, best known as the leading proponent of public sociology and the author of Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism—a study on the sociology of industry that has been translated into a number of languages.
See Sociology and Michael Burawoy
Michel Foucault
Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 192625 June 1984) was a French historian of ideas and philosopher who also served as an author, literary critic, political activist, and teacher.
See Sociology and Michel Foucault
Microsociology
Microsociology is one of the main levels of analysis (or focuses) of sociology, concerning the nature of everyday human social interactions and agency on a small scale: face to face.
See Sociology and Microsociology
Middle-range theory (sociology)
Middle-range theory, developed by Robert K. Merton, is an approach to sociological theorizing aimed at integrating theory and empirical research.
See Sociology and Middle-range theory (sociology)
Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require.
See Sociology and Military organization
Military sociology
Military sociology is a subfield within sociology.
See Sociology and Military sociology
Mobilities
Mobilities is a contemporary paradigm in the social sciences that explores the movement of people (human migration, individual mobility, travel, transport), ideas (see e.g. meme) and things (transport), as well as the broader social implications of those movements.
Modernity
Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissancein the Age of Reason of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century Enlightenment.
Moisey Ostrogorsky
Moisey Yakovlevich Ostrogorsky (also Moisei Ostrogorski; Moisey Yakovlevich Ostrogorskiy; Majsiej Jakaŭlievič Astrahorski; 1854 – 10 February 1921) was a Russian politician, political scientist, historian, jurist and sociologist.
See Sociology and Moisey Ostrogorsky
Montesquieu
Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (18 January 168910 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher.
Multiculturalism
The term multiculturalism has a range of meanings within the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and colloquial use.
See Sociology and Multiculturalism
Muqaddimah
The Muqaddimah (مقدّمة "Introduction"), also known as the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun (مقدّمة ابن خلدون) or Ibn Khaldun's Prolegomena (Προλεγόμενα), is a book written by the historian Ibn Khaldun in 1377 which presents a view of universal history.
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
See Sociology and Nation state
Natural environment
The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.
See Sociology and Natural environment
Natural science
Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
See Sociology and Natural science
Neo-Kantianism
In late modern continental philosophy, neo-Kantianism (Neukantianismus) was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant.
See Sociology and Neo-Kantianism
Network science
Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges).
See Sociology and Network science
New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick is a city in and the seat of government of Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
See Sociology and New Brunswick, New Jersey
New media are communication technologies that enable or enhance interaction between users as well as interaction between users and content.
Nonlinear system
In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.
See Sociology and Nonlinear system
Nonprobability sampling
Nonprobability sampling is a form of sampling that does not utilise random sampling techniques where the probability of getting any particular sample may be calculated.
See Sociology and Nonprobability sampling
Nuclear family
A nuclear family (also known as an elementary family, atomic family, cereal packet family or conjugal family) is a family group consisting of parents and their children (one or more), typically living in one home residence.
See Sociology and Nuclear family
NVivo
NVivo is a qualitative data analysis (QDA) computer software package produced by Lumivero (formerly called QSR International).
Observation
Observation in the natural sciences is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving and the acquisition of information from a primary source.
Occupational prestige
Sociologists use the concept of occupational prestige (also known as job prestige) to measure the relative social-class positions people may achieve by practicing a given occupation.
See Sociology and Occupational prestige
Old Comedy
Old Comedy is the first period of the ancient Greek comedy, according to the canonical division by the Alexandrian grammarians.
Omar Lizardo
Omar Lizardo (born 7 September 1974) is an American sociologist who is LeRoy Neiman Term Chair Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles.
See Sociology and Omar Lizardo
An online community, also called an internet community or web community, is a community whose members interact with each other primarily via the Internet.
See Sociology and Online community
Online ethnography
Online ethnography (also known as virtual ethnography or digital ethnography) is an online research method that adapts ethnographic methods to the study of the communities and cultures created through computer-mediated social interaction.
See Sociology and Online ethnography
Ontogeny
Ontogeny (also ontogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism (both physical and psychological, e.g., moral development), usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to adult.
Outline of counseling
Counseling is the professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods especially in collecting case history data, using various techniques of the personal interview, and testing interests and aptitudes.
See Sociology and Outline of counseling
Outline of sociology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the discipline of sociology: Sociology – the study of society using various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to understand human social activity, from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structure.
See Sociology and Outline of sociology
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Sociology and Oxford University Press
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.
See Sociology and Palgrave Macmillan
Participant observation
Participant observation is one type of data collection method by practitioner-scholars typically used in qualitative research and ethnography.
See Sociology and Participant observation
Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of dominance and privilege are held by men.
Paul Lazarsfeld
Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (February 13, 1901August 30, 1976) was an Austrian-American sociologist and mathematician.
See Sociology and Paul Lazarsfeld
Penguin Group
Penguin Group is a British trade book publisher and part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
See Sociology and Penguin Group
Peter Blau
Peter Michael Blau (February 7, 1918 – March 12, 2002) was an American sociologist and theorist.
Peter L. Berger
Peter Ludwig Berger (17 March 1929 – 27 June 2017) was an Austrian-born American sociologist and Protestant theologian.
See Sociology and Peter L. Berger
Phenomenology (philosophy)
Phenomenology is the philosophical study of objectivity and reality (more generally) as subjectively lived and experienced.
See Sociology and Phenomenology (philosophy)
Phenomenology (sociology)
Phenomenology within sociology, or phenomenological sociology, examines the concept of social reality (or "Lifeworld") as a product of intersubjectivity.
See Sociology and Phenomenology (sociology)
Philosophy
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.
Philosophy of history
Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline.
See Sociology and Philosophy of history
Philosophy of language
In analytic philosophy, philosophy of language investigates the nature of language and the relations between language, language users, and the world.
See Sociology and Philosophy of language
Philosophy of religion
Philosophy of religion is "the philosophical examination of the central themes and concepts involved in religious traditions".
See Sociology and Philosophy of religion
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science.
See Sociology and Philosophy of science
Physics
Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
Pierre Bourdieu
Pierre Bourdieu (1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist and public intellectual.
See Sociology and Pierre Bourdieu
Pierre Macherey
Pierre Macherey (born 17 February 1938, Belfort) is a French Marxist philosopher and literary critic at the University of Lille Nord de France.
See Sociology and Pierre Macherey
Pitirim Sorokin
Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin (Питири́м Алекса́ндрович Соро́кин; – 10 February 1968) was a Russian American sociologist and political activist, who contributed to the social cycle theory.
See Sociology and Pitirim Sorokin
Plato
Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
Political science
Political science is the scientific study of politics.
See Sociology and Political science
Political sociology
Political sociology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with exploring how governance and society interact and influence one another at the micro to macro levels of analysis.
See Sociology and Political sociology
Positivism
Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive—meaning ''a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.
Post-industrial society
In sociology, the post-industrial society is the stage of society's development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy.
See Sociology and Post-industrial society
Post-structuralism
Post-structuralism is a philosophical movement that questions the objectivity or stability of the various interpretive structures that are posited by structuralism and considers them to be constituted by broader systems of power.
See Sociology and Post-structuralism
Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism (also post-colonial theory) is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands.
See Sociology and Postcolonialism
Postmodernism
Postmodernism is a term used to refer to a variety of artistic, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break with modernism.
See Sociology and Postmodernism
Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the social production of an effect that determines the capacities, actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors.
See Sociology and Power (social and political)
Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality.
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Sociology and Princeton University Press
Program evaluation
Program evaluation is a systematic method for collecting, analyzing, and using information to answer questions about projects, policies and programs, particularly about their effectiveness and efficiency.
See Sociology and Program evaluation
Proletariat
The proletariat is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work).
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
See Sociology and Protestantism
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
Public administration
Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day",Kettl, Donald and James Fessler.
See Sociology and Public administration
Public policy
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs.
See Sociology and Public policy
Public sociology
Public sociology is a subfield of the wider sociological discipline that emphasizes expanding the disciplinary boundaries of sociology in order to engage with non-academic audiences.
See Sociology and Public sociology
QDA Miner
QDA Miner is mixed methods and qualitative data analysis software developed by Provalis Research.
Qualitative research
Qualitative research is a type of research that aims to gather and analyse non-numerical (descriptive) data in order to gain an understanding of individuals' social reality, including understanding their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation.
See Sociology and Qualitative research
Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education
The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (usually referred to simply as the Quality Assurance Agency or QAA) is the United Kingdom higher education sector's independent expert quality body.
See Sociology and Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education
Quantitative research
Quantitative research is a research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data.
See Sociology and Quantitative research
Race (human categorization)
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.
See Sociology and Race (human categorization)
Raewyn Connell
Raewyn Connell (born 3 January 1944), usually cited as R. W. Connell, is an Australian sociologist and Professor Emerita at the University of Sydney, mainly known for co-founding the field of masculinity studies and coining the concept of hegemonic masculinity, as well as for her work on Southern theory.
See Sociology and Raewyn Connell
Ralf Dahrendorf
Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf, (1 May 1929 – 17 June 2009) was a German-British sociologist, philosopher, political scientist and liberal politician.
See Sociology and Ralf Dahrendorf
Randall Collins
Randall Collins (born July 29, 1941) is an American sociologist who has been influential in both his teaching and writing.
See Sociology and Randall Collins
Random assignment
Random assignment or random placement is an experimental technique for assigning human participants or animal subjects to different groups in an experiment (e.g., a treatment group versus a control group) using randomization, such as by a chance procedure (e.g., flipping a coin) or a random number generator.
See Sociology and Random assignment
Rational choice theory
Rational choice theory refers to a set of guidelines that help understand economic and social behaviour.
See Sociology and Rational choice theory
Rationalization (sociology)
In sociology, the term rationalization was coined by Max Weber, a German sociologist, jurist, and economist.
See Sociology and Rationalization (sociology)
Real estate development
Real estate development, or property development, is a business process, encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to others.
See Sociology and Real estate development
Relational sociology
Relational sociology is a collection of sociological theories that emphasize relationalism over substantivalism in explanations and interpretations of social phenomena and is most directly connected to the work of Harrison White and Charles Tilly in the United States and Pierpaolo Donati and Nick Crossley in Europe.
See Sociology and Relational sociology
Reliabilism
Reliabilism, a category of theories in the philosophical discipline of epistemology, has been advanced as a theory both of justification and of knowledge.
René Worms
René Worms (8 December 1869 in Rennes – 12 February 1926 in Paris) was a French auditor of the council of state.
Reproducibility
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.
See Sociology and Reproducibility
Residential segregation in the United States
Residential segregation is the physical separation of two or more groups into different neighborhoods—a form of segregation that "sorts population groups into various neighborhood contexts and shapes the living environment at the neighborhood level".
See Sociology and Residential segregation in the United States
Reza Banakar
Reza Banakar (1959 – 27 August 2020) was an Iranian-born Professor of Legal Sociology at Lund University, Sweden.
See Sociology and Reza Banakar
Richard Hoggart
Herbert Richard Hoggart (24 September 1918 – 10 April 2014) was an English academic whose career covered the fields of sociology, English literature and cultural studies, with emphasis on British popular culture.
See Sociology and Richard Hoggart
Richard Rorty
Richard McKay Rorty (October 4, 1931 – June 8, 2007) was an American philosopher.
See Sociology and Richard Rorty
Robert Escarpit
Robert Escarpit, born on 24 April 1918 in Saint-Macaire (Gironde, France) - 19 November 2000 in Langon (Gironde), was a French academic, writer and journalist.
See Sociology and Robert Escarpit
Robert K. Merton
Robert King Merton (born Meyer Robert Schkolnick; July 4, 1910 – February 25, 2003) was an American sociologist who is considered a founding father of modern sociology, and a major contributor to the subfield of criminology.
See Sociology and Robert K. Merton
Robert Nisbet
Robert Alexander Nisbet (September 30, 1913 – September 9, 1996) was an American conservative sociologist, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, Vice-Chancellor at the University of California, Riverside, and an Albert Schweitzer Professor at Columbia University.
See Sociology and Robert Nisbet
Ronald Stuart Burt
Ronald Stuart Burt (born 1949) is an American sociologist.
See Sociology and Ronald Stuart Burt
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
See Sociology and Rowman & Littlefield
Rural sociology
Rural sociology is a field of sociology traditionally associated with the study of social structure and conflict in rural areas.
See Sociology and Rural sociology
Rutgers University Press
Rutgers University Press (RUP) is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.
See Sociology and Rutgers University Press
Sampling (statistics)
In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
See Sociology and Sampling (statistics)
Saskia Sassen
Saskia Sassen (born January 5, 1947) is a Dutch-American sociologist noted for her analyses of globalization and international human migration.
See Sociology and Saskia Sassen
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
See Sociology and Science (journal)
Science and technology studies
Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts.
See Sociology and Science and technology studies
Science journalism
Science journalism conveys reporting about science to the public.
See Sociology and Science journalism
Scientific control
A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables).
See Sociology and Scientific control
Scientific method
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century.
See Sociology and Scientific method
Secondary data
Secondary data refers to data that is collected by someone other than the primary user.
See Sociology and Secondary data
Secularization
In sociology, secularization (secularisation) is a multilayered concept that generally denotes "a transition from a religious to a more worldly level." There are many types of secularization and most do not lead to atheism, irreligion, nor are they automatically antithetical to religion.
See Sociology and Secularization
Semiotics
Semiotics is the systematic study of sign processes and the communication of meaning.
In social sciences, sequence analysis (SA) is concerned with the analysis of sets of categorical sequences that typically describe longitudinal data.
See Sociology and Sequence analysis in social sciences
Sexual network
A sexual network is a social network that is defined by the sexual relationships within a set of individuals.
See Sociology and Sexual network
Seymour Martin Lipset
Seymour Martin Lipset (March 18, 1922 – December 31, 2006) was an American sociologist and political scientist.
See Sociology and Seymour Martin Lipset
Sign (semiotics)
In semiotics, a sign is anything that communicates a meaning that is not the sign itself to the interpreter of the sign.
See Sociology and Sign (semiotics)
Snowball sampling
In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling) is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances.
See Sociology and Snowball sampling
In sociology, social action, also known as Weberian social action, is an act which takes into account the actions and reactions of individuals (or 'agents').
See Sociology and Social action
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures.
See Sociology and Social anthropology
Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms within the same species, and encompasses any behavior in which one member affects the other.
See Sociology and Social behavior
Social capital is "the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively".
See Sociology and Social capital
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations.
See Sociology and Social change
A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the working class, middle class, and upper class.
See Sociology and Social class
In sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society.
See Sociology and Social complexity
Social conflict is the struggle for agency or power in society.
See Sociology and Social conflict
Social constructionism is a term used in sociology, social ontology, and communication theory.
See Sociology and Social constructionism
Social Darwinism is the study and implementation of various pseudoscientific theories and societal practices that purport to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics and politics.
See Sociology and Social Darwinism
In sociology, the social disorganization theory is a theory developed by the Chicago School, related to ecological theories.
See Sociology and Social disorganization theory
Social Evolution & History is a peer-reviewed academic journal focused on the development of human societies in the past, present, and future.
See Sociology and Social Evolution & History
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits.
See Sociology and Social exchange theory
In sociology, social facts are values, cultural norms, and social structures that transcend the individual and can exercise social control.
In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.
See Sociology and Social group
A social issue is a problem that affects many people within a society.
See Sociology and Social issue
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society.
See Sociology and Social mobility
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one.
See Sociology and Social movement
A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors.
See Sociology and Social network
Social network analysis (SNA) is the process of investigating social structures through the use of networks and graph theory.
See Sociology and Social network analysis
Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups.
The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institutions.
See Sociology and Social order
In sociology, a social organization is a pattern of relationships between and among individuals and groups.
See Sociology and Social organization
Social philosophy examines questions about the foundations of social institutions, behavior, power structures, and interpretations of society in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations.
See Sociology and Social philosophy
Some professionals and universities consider social policy a subset of public policy, while other practitioners characterize social policy and public policy to be two separate, competing approaches for the same public interest (similar to MD and DO in healthcare), with social policy deemed more holistic than public policy.
See Sociology and Social policy
Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
See Sociology and Social psychology
In sociology, social psychology (also known as sociological social psychology) studies the relationship between the individual and society.
See Sociology and Social psychology (sociology)
Social reality is distinct from biological reality or individual cognitive reality, representing as it does a phenomenological level created through social interaction and thereby transcending individual motives and actions.
See Sociology and Social reality
A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups.
See Sociology and Social relation
Social reproduction describes the reproduction of social structures and systems, mainly on the basis of particular preconditions in demographics, education and inheritance of material property or legal titles (as earlier with aristocracy).
See Sociology and Social reproduction
Social research is research conducted by social scientists following a systematic plan.
See Sociology and Social research
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies.
See Sociology and Social science
Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political).
See Sociology and Social stratification
In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals.
See Sociology and Social structure
In sociology, a social system is the patterned network of relationships constituting a coherent whole that exist between individuals, groups, and institutions.
See Sociology and Social system
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena.
See Sociology and Social theory
Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being.
In sociology, socialization (Modern English; or socialisation - see spelling differences) is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society.
See Sociology and Socialization
Society
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
Sociocultural anthropology
Sociocultural anthropology is a term used to refer to social anthropology and cultural anthropology together.
See Sociology and Sociocultural anthropology
Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or social evolution are theories of sociobiology and cultural evolution that describe how societies and culture change over time.
See Sociology and Sociocultural evolution
Sociological Francoism
Sociological Francoism (franquismo sociológico) is an expression used in Spain which attests to the social characteristics typical of Francoism that survived in Spanish society after the death of Francisco Franco in 1975 and continue to the present day.
See Sociology and Sociological Francoism
Sociological theory
A sociological theory is a that intends to consider, analyze, and/or explain objects of social reality from a sociological perspective,Macionis, John and Linda M. Gerber.
See Sociology and Sociological theory
Sociology in Poland
Sociology in Poland has been developing, as has sociology throughout Europe, since the mid-19th century.
See Sociology and Sociology in Poland
Sociology of architecture
Sociology of architecture is the sociological study of the built environment and the role and occupation of architects in modern societies.
See Sociology and Sociology of architecture
Sociology of disaster
Sociology of disaster or sociological disaster research is a sub-field of sociology that explores the social relations amongst both natural and human-made disasters.
See Sociology and Sociology of disaster
Sociology of education
The sociology of education is the study of how public institutions and individual experiences affect education and its outcomes.
See Sociology and Sociology of education
Sociology of health and illness
The sociology of health and illness, sociology of health and wellness, or health sociology examines the interaction between society and health.
See Sociology and Sociology of health and illness
Sociology of law
The sociology of law, legal sociology, or law and society is often described as a sub-discipline of sociology or an interdisciplinary approach within legal studies.
See Sociology and Sociology of law
Sociology of punishment
The sociology of punishment seeks to understand why and how we punish; the general justifying aim of punishment and the principle of distribution.
See Sociology and Sociology of punishment
Sociology of religion
Sociology of religion is the study of the beliefs, practices and organizational forms of religion using the tools and methods of the discipline of sociology.
See Sociology and Sociology of religion
Sociology of scientific knowledge
The sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) is the study of science as a social activity, especially dealing with "the social conditions and effects of science, and with the social structures and processes of scientific activity." The sociology of scientific ignorance (SSI) is complementary to the sociology of scientific knowledge.
See Sociology and Sociology of scientific knowledge
Sociology of sport
Sociology of sport, alternately referred to as sports sociology, is a sub-discipline of sociology which focuses on sports as social phenomena.
See Sociology and Sociology of sport
Sociology of the body
Sociology of the body is a branch of sociology studying the representations and social uses of the human body in modern societies.
See Sociology and Sociology of the body
Sociology of the Internet
The sociology of the Internet (or the social psychology of the internet) involves the application of sociological or social psychological theory and method to the Internet as a source of information and communication.
See Sociology and Sociology of the Internet
Sociomapping
Sociomapping is a method developed for processing and visualization of relational data (e.g. social network data).
See Sociology and Sociomapping
Socrates
Socrates (– 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.
Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
See Sociology and Stanford University
Statelessness
In international law, a stateless person is someone who is "not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law".
See Sociology and Statelessness
Statistical population
In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment.
See Sociology and Statistical population
Stratified sampling
In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations.
See Sociology and Stratified sampling
Structural functionalism
Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability".
See Sociology and Structural functionalism
Structural linguistics
Structural linguistics, or structuralism, in linguistics, denotes schools or theories in which language is conceived as a self-contained, self-regulating semiotic system whose elements are defined by their relationship to other elements within the system.
See Sociology and Structural linguistics
Structuralism
Structuralism is an intellectual current and methodological approach, primarily in the social sciences, that interprets elements of human culture by way of their relationship to a broader system.
See Sociology and Structuralism
Structure and agency
In the social sciences there is a standing debate over the primacy of structure or agency in shaping human behaviour.
See Sociology and Structure and agency
Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)
Stuart Henry McPhail Hall (3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014) was a Jamaican-born British Marxist sociologist, cultural theorist, and political activist.
See Sociology and Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)
Subculture
A subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself from the conservative and standard values to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles.
Subject and object (philosophy)
The distinction between subject and object is a basic idea of philosophy.
See Sociology and Subject and object (philosophy)
Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment).
Suicide (Durkheim book)
Suicide: A Study in Sociology (Le Suicide: Étude de sociologie) is an 1897 book written by French sociologist Émile Durkheim.
See Sociology and Suicide (Durkheim book)
Survey (human research)
In research of human subjects, a survey is a list of questions aimed for extracting specific data from a particular group of people.
See Sociology and Survey (human research)
Survey methodology
Survey methodology is "the study of survey methods".
See Sociology and Survey methodology
Survival of the fittest
"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection.
See Sociology and Survival of the fittest
Sustainability
Sustainability is a social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long time.
See Sociology and Sustainability
Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship.
Symbolic capital
In sociology and anthropology, symbolic capital can be referred to as the resources available to an individual on the basis of honor, prestige or recognition, and serves as value that one holds within a culture.
See Sociology and Symbolic capital
Symbolic interactionism
Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that develops from practical considerations and alludes to humans' particular use of shared language to create common symbols and meanings, for use in both intra- and interpersonal communication.
See Sociology and Symbolic interactionism
Systems theory
Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial.
See Sociology and Systems theory
Talcott Parsons
Talcott Parsons (December 13, 1902 – May 8, 1979) was an American sociologist of the classical tradition, best known for his social action theory and structural functionalism.
See Sociology and Talcott Parsons
Technology
Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way.
Terry Eagleton
Terence Francis Eagleton (born 22 February 1943) is an English philosopher, literary theorist, critic, and public intellectual.
See Sociology and Terry Eagleton
Text mining
Text mining, text data mining (TDM) or text analytics is the process of deriving high-quality information from text.
Thanatology
Thanatology is the scientific study of death and the losses brought about as a result.
The British Journal of Sociology
The British Journal of Sociology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1950 at the London School of Economics.
See Sociology and The British Journal of Sociology
The Communist Manifesto
The Communist Manifesto (Das Kommunistische Manifest), originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party (label), is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848.
See Sociology and The Communist Manifesto
The Division of Labour in Society
The Division of Labour in Society (De la division du travail social) is the doctoral dissertation of the French sociologist Émile Durkheim, published in 1893.
See Sociology and The Division of Labour in Society
The Gutenberg Galaxy
The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man is a 1962 book by Marshall McLuhan, in which he analyzes the effects of mass media, especially the printing press, on European culture and human consciousness.
See Sociology and The Gutenberg Galaxy
The Internet Galaxy
The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society is a book by Manuel Castells, Professor of Sociology and Professor of City and Regional Planning at the University of California.
See Sociology and The Internet Galaxy
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the psychology of groups and organizations.
See Sociology and The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
The Metropolis and Mental Life
"The Metropolis and Mental Life" (German: "Die Großstädte und das Geistesleben") is a 1903 essay by the German sociologist, Georg Simmel.
See Sociology and The Metropolis and Mental Life
The Order of Things
The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (Les Mots et les Choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines) is a book by French philosopher Michel Foucault.
See Sociology and The Order of Things
The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity
The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures (Der Philosophische Diskurs der Moderne: Zwölf Vorlesungen) is a 1985 book by the philosopher Jürgen Habermas, in which the author reconstructs and deals in depth with a number of philosophical approaches to the critique of modern reason and the Enlightenment "project" since Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche, including the work of 20th century philosophers Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Martin Heidegger, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Cornelius Castoriadis and Niklas Luhmann.
See Sociology and The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity
The Philosophy of Money
The Philosophy of Money (1900) is a book on economic sociology by German sociologist and social philosopher Georg Simmel.
See Sociology and The Philosophy of Money
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus) is a book written by Max Weber, a German sociologist, economist, and politician.
See Sociology and The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
The Religion of China
The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism is a book written by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist.
See Sociology and The Religion of China
The Religion of India
The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism is a book on the sociology of religion written by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist of the early twentieth century.
See Sociology and The Religion of India
The Rules of Sociological Method
The Rules of Sociological Method (Les Règles de la méthode sociologique) is a book by Émile Durkheim, first published in 1895.
See Sociology and The Rules of Sociological Method
The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (1966), by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, proposes that social groups and individual persons who interact with each other, within a system of social classes, over time create concepts (mental representations) of the actions of each other, and that people become habituated to those concepts, and thus assume reciprocal social roles.
See Sociology and The Social Construction of Reality
Theodor W. Adorno
Theodor W. Adorno (born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; 11 September 1903 – 6 August 1969) was a German philosopher, musicologist, and social theorist.
See Sociology and Theodor W. Adorno
Theology
Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity.
Theory
A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking.
Theory & Society
Theory & Society is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering theoretical analyses of social processes and phenomena.
See Sociology and Theory & Society
Thomas Luckmann
Thomas Luckmann (October 14, 1927 – May 10, 2016) was an American-Austrian sociologist of German and Slovene origin who taught mainly in Germany.
See Sociology and Thomas Luckmann
Thomson Reuters
Thomson Reuters Corporation is a Canadian-American multinational information conglomerate.
See Sociology and Thomson Reuters
Thorstein Veblen
Thorstein Bunde Veblen (July 30, 1857 – August 3, 1929) was an American economist and sociologist who, during his lifetime, emerged as a well-known critic of capitalism.
See Sociology and Thorstein Veblen
Times Higher Education
Times Higher Education (THE), formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement (The Thes), is a British magazine reporting specifically on news and issues related to higher education.
See Sociology and Times Higher Education
In the social sciences, triangulation refers to the application and combination of several research methods in the study of the same phenomenon.
See Sociology and Triangulation (social science)
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.
University of Bordeaux
The University of Bordeaux (French: Université de Bordeaux) is a public university based in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
See Sociology and University of Bordeaux
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
See Sociology and University of California Press
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Sociology and University of Chicago
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Sociology and University of Chicago Press
The Institute for Social Research (Institut für Sozialforschung, IfS) is a research organization for sociology and continental philosophy, best known as the institutional home of the Frankfurt School and critical theory.
See Sociology and University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research
University of Kansas
The University of Kansas (KU) is a public and research university with its main campus in Lawrence, Kansas, United States.
See Sociology and University of Kansas
University of London
The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom.
See Sociology and University of London
University of Michigan
The University of Michigan (U-M, UMich, or simply Michigan) is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
See Sociology and University of Michigan
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania, commonly referenced as Penn or UPenn, is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
See Sociology and University of Pennsylvania
University of Wisconsin–Madison
The University of Wisconsin–Madison (University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public land-grant research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
See Sociology and University of Wisconsin–Madison
Urban planner
An urban planner (also known as town planner) is a professional who practices in the field of town planning, urban planning or city planning.
See Sociology and Urban planner
Urban sociology
Urban sociology is the sociological study of cities and urban life.
See Sociology and Urban sociology
Urgesellschaft
Urgesellschaft (meaning "primal society" in German) is a term that, according to Friedrich Engels,Friedrich Engels: Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigentums und des Staats (1884), in: MEW 21, Seite refers to the original coexistence of humans in prehistoric times, before recorded history.
See Sociology and Urgesellschaft
Usenet newsgroup
A Usenet newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from users in different locations using the Internet.
See Sociology and Usenet newsgroup
Utilitarianism
In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals.
See Sociology and Utilitarianism
Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false.
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Value (ethics and social sciences)
In ethics and social sciences, value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics in ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions.
See Sociology and Value (ethics and social sciences)
Verstehen
Verstehen, in the context of German philosophy and social sciences in general, has been used since the late 19th century – in English as in German – with the particular sense of the "interpretive or participatory" examination of social phenomena.
Vilfredo Pareto
Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (born Wilfried Fritz Pareto; 15 July 1848 – 19 August 1923) was an Italian polymath, whose areas of interest included sociology, civil engineering, economics, political science, and philosophy.
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Vintage Books
Vintage Books is a trade paperback publishing imprint of Penguin Random House originally established by Alfred A. Knopf in 1954.
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Virtual world
A virtual world (also called a virtual space) is a computer-simulated environment which may be populated by many simultaneous users who can create a personal avatar and independently explore the virtual world, participate in its activities, and communicate with others.
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Visual sociology
Visual sociology is an area of sociology concerned with the visual dimensions of social life.
See Sociology and Visual sociology
Vocation
A vocation is an occupation to which a person is especially drawn or for which they are suited, trained or qualified.
W. E. B. Du Bois
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, socialist, historian, and Pan-Africanist civil rights activist.
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Walter Benjamin
Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic, media theorist, and essayist.
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Werner Sombart
Werner Sombart (19 January 1863 – 18 May 1941) was a German economist, historian and sociologist.
See Sociology and Werner Sombart
Western culture
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, includes the diverse heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world.
See Sociology and Western culture
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
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Wilhelm Dilthey
Wilhelm Dilthey (19 November 1833 – 1 October 1911) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.
See Sociology and Wilhelm Dilthey
William Graham Sumner
William Graham Sumner (October 30, 1840 – April 12, 1910) was an American clergyman, social scientist, and neoclassical liberal.
See Sociology and William Graham Sumner
William Rainey Harper
William Rainey Harper (July 24, 1856 – January 10, 1906) was an American academic leader, an accomplished semiticist, and Baptist clergyman.
See Sociology and William Rainey Harper
William Sims Bainbridge
William Sims Bainbridge (born October 12, 1940) is an American sociologist who currently resides in Virginia.
See Sociology and William Sims Bainbridge
William Stanley Jevons
William Stanley Jevons (1 September 1835 – 13 August 1882) was an English economist and logician.
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Working class
The working class is a subset of employees who are compensated with wage or salary-based contracts, whose exact membership varies from definition to definition.
See Sociology and Working class
World-systems theory
World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective)Immanuel Wallerstein, (2004), "World-systems Analysis." In World System History, ed.
See Sociology and World-systems theory
Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.
See Sociology and Yale University
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology
Also known as Human sociality, Human sociology, M.So., Marketing sociologist, Marketing sociology, Research methods in sociology, Scientific sociology, Socialogy, Sociol, Sociological, Sociological concept, Sociological inquiry, Sociological term, Sociological terms, Sociologies, Sociologist, Sociology versus social theory, Sociology vs. Social Theory, Sosiology, Study of culture.
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