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South Ossetia, the Glossary

South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia–State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus.^[1]

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266 relations: Abkhazia, Abkhazia–South Ossetia relations, Abkhazian Armed Forces, Adjara, Administration of South Ossetia, Airstrike, Akhalgori, Akhalgori Municipality, Alan Gagloev, Alania, Alans, Alpine climate, Amnesty International, Anatoly Bibilov, Aragvi, Armed Forces of South Ossetia, Armenians, Associated Press, Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, Axel Fredrik Londen, Bakuriani, Banknote, Battle of the Kodori Valley, BBC, BBC News, Black Sea, Black Sea Fleet, Bolsheviks, Bolshevism, Borjomi Municipality, Caucasian Knot, Caucasus, Ceasefire, Central European University, Centre for European Policy Studies, Civil Georgia, CNN, Coin collecting, Collins English Dictionary, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, Constitution of South Ossetia, Continental climate, Council of Europe, David Marshall Lang, Decimalisation, Declaration of independence, Democratic Republic of Georgia, Der Spiegel, Dmitry Medvedev, ... Expand index (216 more) »
1991 establishments in Asia
1991 establishments in Europe
1991 establishments in Georgia (country)
Autonomous republics of Georgia (country)
Ossetia
Post-Soviet states
Separatism in Georgia (country)
South Caucasus
States with limited recognition
West Asian countries

Abkhazia

Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. South Ossetia and Abkhazia are autonomous republics of Georgia (country), post-Soviet states, separatism in Georgia (country), south Caucasus, states with limited recognition and west Asian countries.

See South Ossetia and Abkhazia

Abkhazia–South Ossetia relations

Abkhazia–South Ossetia relations (Отношения Абхазии и Южной Осетии; Аԥсны-Аахыҵ Уаԥстәыла азыҟаӡаара; Абхазийы-Хуссар Ирыстоны хъуыд) are bilateral foreign relations between the Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of South Ossetia, whose international status is disputed – they are both considered part of Georgia by the majority of the world's states.

See South Ossetia and Abkhazia–South Ossetia relations

Abkhazian Armed Forces

The Abkhazian Armed Forces are the military forces of Abkhazia.

See South Ossetia and Abkhazian Armed Forces

Adjara

Adjara (აჭარა Ach’ara) or Achara, officially known as the Autonomous Republic of Adjara (აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a), is a political-administrative region of Georgia. South Ossetia and Adjara are autonomous republics of Georgia (country).

See South Ossetia and Adjara

Administration of South Ossetia

The Administration of South Ossetia (სამხრეთი ოსეთის ადმინისტრაცია, Samxreti Osetis administʼracia; Хуссар Ирыстоны Администраци, Xussar Irystony Administraci), officially the Administration of the temporary Administrative-Territorial Unit on the Territory of the Former Autonomous Region of South Ossetia, is an administrative division that Georgia regards as the legal government of South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Administration of South Ossetia

Airstrike

An airstrike, air strike, or air raid is an offensive operation carried out by aircraft.

See South Ossetia and Airstrike

Akhalgori

Akhalgori (ახალგორი, Ленингор Leningor) is a town in Georgia (in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region, according to the official administrative division of Georgia).

See South Ossetia and Akhalgori

Akhalgori Municipality

Akhalgori Municipality or Leningor District (ახალგორის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Ленингоры район, Ахалгорский муниципалитет) is a municipality in Georgia or South Ossetia respectively.

See South Ossetia and Akhalgori Municipality

Alan Gagloev

Alan Eduardovich Gagloev (Gaglojty Edwardy fyrt Alan; Алан Эдуардович Гаглоев; born 6 February 1981), also transliterated as Gagloyev, is a South Ossetian politician and former intelligence officer, who is the fifth and current president of South Ossetia since 2022.

See South Ossetia and Alan Gagloev

Alania

Alania was a medieval kingdom of the Iranian Alans (Proto-Ossetians) that flourished between the 9th–13th centuries in the Northern Caucasus, roughly in the location of latter-day Circassia, Chechnya, Ingushetia, and modern North Ossetia–Alania.

See South Ossetia and Alania

Alans

The Alans (Latin: Alani) were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North-Africa. South Ossetia and Alans are Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Alans

Alpine climate

Alpine climate is the typical climate for elevations above the tree line, where trees fail to grow due to cold.

See South Ossetia and Alpine climate

Amnesty International

Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.

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Anatoly Bibilov

Anatoly Ilyich Bibilov (Bibylty Iljajy fyrt Anatolij;, Анато́лий Ильи́ч Биби́лов; born 6 February 1970) is a South Ossetian military officer, was the fourth president of South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Anatoly Bibilov

Aragvi

The Aragvi (არაგვი) and its basin are in Georgia on the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains.

See South Ossetia and Aragvi

Armed Forces of South Ossetia

The Armed Forces of South Ossetia is the military of the partially recognised state of South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Armed Forces of South Ossetia

Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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An Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR, avtonomnaya sovetskaya sotsialisticheskaya respublika) was a type of administrative unit in the Soviet Union (USSR), created for certain ethnic groups to be the titular nations of.

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Axel Fredrik Londen

Axel Fredrik Londen (5 August 1859 – 8 September 1928) was a Finnish sports shooter, who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

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Bakuriani

Bakuriani (ბაკურიანი) is a daba and a ski resort in the Borjomi district of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Bakuriani

Banknote

A banknotealso called a bill (North American English), paper money, or simply a noteis a type of negotiable promissory note, made by a bank or other licensed authority, payable to the bearer on demand.

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Battle of the Kodori Valley

The Battle of the Kodori Valley was a military operation during the Russo-Georgian War in the Upper Kodori Valley of Abkhazia, a breakaway region of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Battle of the Kodori Valley

BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Black Sea Fleet

The Black Sea Fleet (Chernomorskiy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Mediterranean Sea.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Bolshevism

Bolshevism (derived from Bolshevik) is a revolutionary socialist current of Soviet Leninist and later Marxist–Leninist political thought and political regime associated with the formation of a rigidly centralized, cohesive and disciplined party of social revolution, focused on overthrowing the existing capitalist state system, seizing power and establishing the "dictatorship of the proletariat".

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Borjomi Municipality

Borjomi (ბორჯომის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Borjomis munitsip'alit'et'i) is a municipality in southern Georgia, in the region of Samtskhe-Javakheti with a population of 24,998 (2021).

See South Ossetia and Borjomi Municipality

Caucasian Knot

Caucasian Knot (Kavkazkii Uzel) is an online news site that covers the Caucasus region in English and Russian.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.

See South Ossetia and Caucasus

Ceasefire

A ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions, often due to mediation by a third party.

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Central European University

Central European University (CEU; Zentraleuropäische Universität, Közép-európai Egyetem) is a private research university with campuses in Vienna, Budapest, and New York.

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Centre for European Policy Studies

The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) is a think tank based in Brussels, Belgium that undertakes research "leading to solutions to the challenges facing Europe today".

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Civil Georgia

Civil Georgia (სივილ ჯორჯია) is a Tbilisi-based free daily news website run by Georgian NGO UN Association of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Civil Georgia

CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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Coin collecting

Coin collecting is the collecting of coins or other forms of minted legal tender.

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Collins English Dictionary

The Collins English Dictionary is a printed and online dictionary of English.

See South Ossetia and Collins English Dictionary

Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), at some points known as the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

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Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations

The Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, also commonly and colloquially known as the Commonwealth of Unrecognized States, rarely as CIS-2, is an international organization in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus of three breakaway states in the territory of the former Soviet Union, all of which have limited to no recognition from the international community.

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Constitution of South Ossetia

The Constitution of the Republic of South Ossetia (Конститу́ция Респу́блики Ю́жная Осе́тия) was adopted by referendum on April 8, 2001.

See South Ossetia and Constitution of South Ossetia

Continental climate

Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters).

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Council of Europe

The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.

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David Marshall Lang

David Marshall Lang (6 May 1924 – 20 March 1991), was a Professor of Caucasian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.

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Decimalisation

Decimalisation or decimalization (see spelling differences) is the conversion of a system of currency or of weights and measures to units related by powers of 10.

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Declaration of independence

A declaration of independence, declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state.

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Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; tr) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia, which existed from May 1918 to February 1921.

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Der Spiegel

(stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

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Dmitry Medvedev

Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (born 14 September 1965) is a Russian politician who has been serving as deputy chairman of the Security Council of Russia since 2020.

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Dmitry Sanakoyev

Dmitry Ivanovich Sanakoyev (born 10 May 1969 in Tskhinvali, South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union) is a South Ossetian and Georgian politician, a former official in the secessionist government of South Ossetia and later, from 2007 to 2022, served as the Head of the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia, a rival entity established in the Georgian-controlled territories in the South Ossetia region by the Georgian government.

See South Ossetia and Dmitry Sanakoyev

Donetsk People's Republic–South Ossetia relations

Donetsk People's Republic–South Ossetia relations (Донецчы Адӕмон Республикӕ-Хуссар Ирыстоны хъуыд, Донецко-южноосетинские отношения) are the bilateral relations between the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Donetsk People's Republic–South Ossetia relations

Drainage basin

A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean.

See South Ossetia and Drainage basin

Dusheti uezd

The Dusheti uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Dushet (present-day Dusheti).

See South Ossetia and Dusheti uezd

Eastern Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.

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Eduard Kokoity

Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoyty (Kokojty Ĝabejy fyrt Edward; born 31 October 1964) is an Ossetian politician who served as the second president of South Ossetia of the partially recognized state of South Ossetia from 2001 to 2011.

See South Ossetia and Eduard Kokoity

Eduard Shevardnadze

Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze (ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე, romanized:; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia for several non-consecutive periods from 1972 until his resignation in 2003 and also served as the final Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1990.

See South Ossetia and Eduard Shevardnadze

Election monitoring

Election monitoring involves the observation of an election by one or more independent parties, typically from another country or from a non-governmental organization (NGO).

See South Ossetia and Election monitoring

Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in South Ossetia

Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in South Ossetia was a mass expulsion of ethnic Georgians conducted in South Ossetia and other territories occupied by Russian and South Ossetian forces, which happened during and after the 2008 Russia–Georgia war.

See South Ossetia and Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in South Ossetia

European Council

The European Council (informally EUCO) is a collegiate body (directorial system) that defines the overall political direction and priorities of the European Union.

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European Geosciences Union

The European Geosciences Union (EGU) is a non-profit international union in the fields of Earth, planetary, and space sciences whose vision is to "realise a sustainable and just future for humanity and for the planet." The organisation has headquarters in Munich, Germany.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia

The European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM Georgia) is an unarmed peacekeeping mission operated by the European Union in Georgia.

See South Ossetia and European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia

FIFA

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association, more commonly known by its acronym FIFA, is the international self-regulatory governing body of association football, beach soccer, and futsal.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs.

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Finnish Institute of International Affairs

The Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA, Ulkopoliittinen instituutti, Utrikespolitiska institutet, UPI) is an independent research institute that produces topical information and research on international relations and the European Union.

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Forbes

Forbes is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917 and owned by Hong Kong-based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014.

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Frozen conflict

In international relations, a frozen conflict is a situation in which active armed conflict has been brought to an end, but no peace treaty or other political framework resolves the conflict to the satisfaction of the combatants.

See South Ossetia and Frozen conflict

Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia. South Ossetia and Georgia (country) are 1991 establishments in Asia, 1991 establishments in Europe, 1991 establishments in Georgia (country), post-Soviet states, south Caucasus and west Asian countries.

See South Ossetia and Georgia (country)

Georgia within the Russian Empire

The country of Georgia became part of the Russian Empire in the 19th century.

See South Ossetia and Georgia within the Russian Empire

Georgia–Russia relations

Russia and Georgia have had relations for centuries.

See South Ossetia and Georgia–Russia relations

Georgian language

Georgian (ქართული ენა) is the most widely spoken Kartvelian language; it serves as the literary language or lingua franca for speakers of related languages.

See South Ossetia and Georgian language

The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Georgia, the Georgian SSR, or simply Georgia, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its second occupation (by Russia) in 1921 to its independence in 1991.

See South Ossetia and Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Georgian–Ossetian conflict

The Georgian–Ossetian conflict is an ethno-political conflict over Georgia's former autonomous region of South Ossetia, which evolved in 1989 and developed into a war.

See South Ossetia and Georgian–Ossetian conflict

Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)

The Georgian–Ossetian conflict of 1918–1920 were a series of uprisings, which took place in the Ossetian-inhabited areas of what is now South Ossetia, a breakaway republic in Georgia, against the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic and then the Menshevik-dominated Democratic Republic of Georgia which claimed several thousand lives and left painful memories among the Georgian and Ossetian communities of the region.

See South Ossetia and Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)

Georgians

The Georgians, or Kartvelians (tr), are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to present-day Georgia and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms.

See South Ossetia and Georgians

Glaciers of Georgia

Glaciers in Georgia are mainly located along the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.

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Google Earth

Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery.

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Gori Municipality

Gori (გორის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Goris municiṗaliṫeṫi) is a district of Georgia, in the region of Shida Kartli.

See South Ossetia and Gori Municipality

Gori uezd

The Gori uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative center in Gori.

See South Ossetia and Gori uezd

Gori, Georgia

Gori (გორი) is a city in eastern Georgia, which serves as the regional capital of Shida Kartli and is located at the confluence of two rivers, the Mtkvari and the Liakhvi.

See South Ossetia and Gori, Georgia

Government of Georgia (country)

The Government of Georgia (tr) is the supreme body of executive power in Georgia that implements the domestic and foreign policies of the country.

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Government of South Ossetia

The Government of the Republic of South Ossetia is the political leadership of the partially recognised Republic of South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Government of South Ossetia

Great Liakhvi

The Great Liakhvi (Didi Liakhvi,, Styr Lewakhi) is a river in central Georgia, which rises on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in the de facto independent region of South Ossetia and flows into the Kura (Mtkvari).

See South Ossetia and Great Liakhvi

Greater Caucasus

The Greater Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains.

See South Ossetia and Greater Caucasus

Head of state

A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.

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Height above mean sea level

Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Independence referendum

An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the residents of a territory decide whether the territory should become an independent sovereign state.

See South Ossetia and Independence referendum

Ingush people

Ingush (translit, pronounced), historically known as Durdzuks, Gligvi and Kists, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Republic of Ingushetia in central Caucasus, but also inhabitanting Prigorodny District and town of Vladikavkaz of modern day North-Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Ingush people

Institut français des relations internationales

The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri; English French Institute of International Relations) is a think tank dedicated to international affairs, based in Paris, France.

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Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies

The Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies (IASPS) was an Israel-based think tank with an affiliated office in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1984 by its president, Professor Robert Loewenberg.

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International Affairs (journal)

International Affairs is a 100-year-old peer-reviewed academic journal of international relations.

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International Alert

International Alert is a global peacebuilding charity established in 1986.

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The international community is a term used in geopolitics and international relations to refer to a broad group of people and governments of the world.

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International Crisis Group

The International Crisis Group (ICG; also known as the Crisis Group) is a global non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in 1995.

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International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Abkhazia and South Ossetia are separatist regions of Georgia in the Caucasus.

See South Ossetia and International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Iranian peoples

The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities.

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Jaba Ioseliani

Jaba Ioseliani (Georgian ჯაბა იოსელიანი; 10 July 1926 – 4 March 2003) was a Georgian politician, member of Parliament of Georgia, writer, thief-in-law and leader of the paramilitary organisation Mkhedrioni.

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Jamestown Foundation

The Jamestown Foundation is a Washington, D.C.-based conservative defense policy think tank.

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Java, South Ossetia

Java or Dzau (ჯავა; Дзау, Dzaw; Джава Dzhava) is a town of approximately 1,500 people in the disputed de facto independent Republic of South Ossetia, internationally considered part of Shida Kartli, Georgia (except by the Russian Federation and four other UN member states).

See South Ossetia and Java, South Ossetia

Jejora

The Jejora (ჯეჯორა) is a river in Racha region of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Jejora

Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Joe Biden

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States since 2021.

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Johann Anton Güldenstädt

Johann Anton Güldenstädt (26 April 1745 in Riga, Latvia – 23 March 1781 in St. Petersburg, Russia) was a Baltic German naturalist and explorer in Russian service.

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Joint Control Commission for Georgian–Ossetian Conflict Resolution

Joint Control Commission for Georgian–Ossetian Conflict Resolution (JCC) was a peacekeeping organization, operating in South Ossetia and overseeing the joint peacekeeping forces in the region.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Kabardians

The Kabardians (Kabardian: Къэбэрдей адыгэхэр; Adyghe: Къэбэртай адыгэхэр; Кабарди́нцы) or Kabardinians are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag.

See South Ossetia and Kabardians

Kakheti

Kakheti (კახეთი K’akheti) is a region (mkhare) formed in the 1990s in eastern Georgia from the historical province of Kakheti and the small, mountainous province of Tusheti.

See South Ossetia and Kakheti

Kavbiuro

Kavbiuro was an organisation set up by the Bolsheviks in April 1920 as the regional organ of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in the Caucasus.

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Kingdom of Georgia

The Kingdom of Georgia (Georgian: ⴑⴀⴕⴀⴐⴇⴅⴄⴊⴍⴑ ⴑⴀⴋⴄⴔⴍ), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in AD.

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Kingdom of Iberia

In Greco-Roman geography, Iberia (Ancient Greek: Ἰβηρία Iberia; Hiberia; Parthian:; Middle Persian) was an exonym for the Georgian kingdom of Kartli (ႵႠႰႧႪႨ), known after its core province, which during Classical Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages was a significant monarchy in the Caucasus, either as an independent state or as a dependent of larger empires, notably the Sassanid and Roman empires.

See South Ossetia and Kingdom of Iberia

Kingdom of Kartli

The Kingdom of Kartli (tr) was a late medieval/early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centred on the province of Kartli, with its capital at Tbilisi.

See South Ossetia and Kingdom of Kartli

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (tr; 1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of the two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti.

See South Ossetia and Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

Kommersant

(Коммерсантъ,, The Businessman or Commerce Man, often shortened to Ъ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business.

See South Ossetia and Kommersant

Konstantin Dzhussoev

Konstantin Khasanovich Dzhussoev (Константин Хасанович Джуссоев, Джуссойты Хасаны фырт Константин; born 23 November 1967) is a South Ossetian politician serving as the Prime Minister of South Ossetia since 2022.

See South Ossetia and Konstantin Dzhussoev

Kopeck

The kopeck or kopek is or was a coin or a currency unit of a number of countries in Eastern Europe closely associated with the economy of Russia.

See South Ossetia and Kopeck

Ksani

The Ksani (Ĉysandon) is a river in central Georgia, which rises on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in South Ossetia and flows into the Kura (Mtkvari).

See South Ossetia and Ksani

Kura (river)

The Kura is an east-flowing river south of the Greater Caucasus Mountains which drains the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus east into the Caspian Sea.

See South Ossetia and Kura (river)

Kutaisi Governorate

The Kutaisi or Kutais Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.

See South Ossetia and Kutaisi Governorate

Kyiv

Kyiv (also Kiev) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine.

See South Ossetia and Kyiv

Landlocked country

A landlocked country is a country that does not have any territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie solely on endorheic basins. South Ossetia and landlocked country are landlocked countries.

See South Ossetia and Landlocked country

Languages of the Caucasus

The Caucasian languages comprise a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

See South Ossetia and Languages of the Caucasus

Legal tender

Legal tender is a form of money that courts of law are required to recognize as satisfactory payment for any monetary debt.

See South Ossetia and Legal tender

Leonid Tibilov

Leonid Kharitonovich Tibilov (Tybylty Xarithony fyrt Leonid; Леонид Харитонович Тибилов; Leonid Tibilovi; born 28 March 1951) is a South Ossetian politician who served as the third president of South Ossetia from 2012 to 2017 after winning the 2012 South Ossetian presidential election.

See South Ossetia and Leonid Tibilov

Likhi Range

Likhi Range (tr) or Surami Range (tr) is a mountain range in Georgia, a part of the Caucasus Mountains.

See South Ossetia and Likhi Range

List of states with limited recognition

A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such. South Ossetia and List of states with limited recognition are states with limited recognition.

See South Ossetia and List of states with limited recognition

Little Liakhvi

The Little Liakhvi (პატარა ლიახვი Patara Liakhvi) is a river of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Little Liakhvi

Ljubljana

Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia, located along a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region, north of the country's largest marsh, inhabited since prehistoric times.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Mediterranean climate

A Mediterranean climate, also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).

See South Ossetia and Mediterranean climate

Mel Martínez

Melquíades Rafael Ruiz Martínez (born October 23, 1946) is a Cuban-American lobbyist and former politician who served as a United States senator from Florida from 2005 to 2009 and as general chairman of the Republican Party from November 2006 until October 19, 2007.

See South Ossetia and Mel Martínez

Mensheviks

The Mensheviks (mensheviki, from меньшинство,, 'minority') were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

See South Ossetia and Mensheviks

Microclimate

A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often slightly but sometimes substantially.

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Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.

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Mikhail Mindzaev

Mikhail Mayramovich Mindzaev (also spelled Mindzayev, Михаил Майрамович Миндзаев; born 28 September 1955) is a former Russian police officer and government official.

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Mikheil Saakashvili

Mikheil Saakashvili (მიხეილ სააკაშვილი; Міхеіл Саакашвілі; born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician and jurist.

See South Ossetia and Mikheil Saakashvili

Military Council (Georgia)

The Military Council of Georgia (tr) was the ruling military junta of the Government of Georgia which was established on January 2, 1992 during the military coup in Georgia.

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Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.

See South Ossetia and Mongol Empire

Mongol invasions of Georgia

The Mongol invasions of Georgia (tr), which at that time consisted of Georgia proper, Armenia, and much of the Caucasus, involved multiple invasions and large-scale raids throughout the 13th century.

See South Ossetia and Mongol invasions of Georgia

Moscow Time

Moscow Time (MSK, moskovskoye vremya) is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia, and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg.

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Mount Khalatsa

Mount Khalatsa or Khalaskhokh (Халасхох; literally: "frost mount") is the highest point of South Ossetia, a disputed region in Georgia, with an altitude of 3,938 metres (12,920 ft).

See South Ossetia and Mount Khalatsa

Murder of Inal Djabiev

On August 28, 2020, in South Ossetia, the South Ossetian Police reported that a suspect in a murder plot against Igor Naniyev, the Minister of Internal Affairs, Inal Djabiev, had died in custody.

See South Ossetia and Murder of Inal Djabiev

National Anthem of the Republic of South Ossetia

The National Anthem of the Republic of South Ossetia, also known by its incipit "Beloved Ossetia", was adopted on 5 May 1995.

See South Ossetia and National Anthem of the Republic of South Ossetia

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

See South Ossetia and NATO

Nauru

Nauru (or; Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru (Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Micronesia, part of Oceania in the Central Pacific.

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New Eastern Europe

New Eastern Europe is a bimonthly political news magazine based in Krakow, Poland.

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New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

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News Corporation

The original incarnation of News Corporation (abbreviated News Corp. and also variously known as News Corporation Limited) was an American multinational mass media corporation controlled by media mogul Rupert Murdoch and headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City.

See South Ossetia and News Corporation

Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising.

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Nicolas Sarkozy

Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa (born 28 January 1955) is a French politician who served as the president of France and co-prince of Andorra from 2007 to 2012.

See South Ossetia and Nicolas Sarkozy

North Caucasian Federal District

The North Caucasian Federal District (p) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a region in Europe governed by Russia.

See South Ossetia and North Caucasus

North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast

The North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was an oblast which existed from 1924 until 1936.

See South Ossetia and North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast

OC Media (Open Caucasus Media) is an independent online news platform covering news from the North and South Caucasus regions.

See South Ossetia and OC Media

October Revolution

The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia.

See South Ossetia and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Ossetian language

Ossetian, commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete (iron ӕvzag southern; northern), is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Greater Caucasus. South Ossetia and Ossetian language are Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Ossetian language

Ossetians

The Ossetians (or; Ossetic), also known as Ossetes, Ossets, and Alans, are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the northern and southern sides of the Caucasus Mountains.

See South Ossetia and Ossetians

Parliament of South Ossetia

The Parliament of South Ossetia is the unicameral legislature of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Parliament of South Ossetia

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) is the parliamentary arm of the Council of Europe, a 46-nation international organisation dedicated to upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

See South Ossetia and Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

Pavel Felgenhauer

Pavel Eugenievich Felgenhauer (born 6 December 1951) is a Russian military analyst known for his publications about Russia's political and military leadership.

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Peace enforcement

Peace enforcement is the use of military force to compel peace in a conflict, generally against the will of combatants.

See South Ossetia and Peace enforcement

People of South Ossetia for Peace

The People of South Ossetia for Peace (Цӕгат райгуырынц Хуссар Ирыстон; tr) movement was the opposition party and political movement in South Ossetia which was formed by the ethnic Ossetians who had been formerly members of the secessionist government in Tskhinvali and outspoken critics of de facto separatist regime in Tskhinvali, headed at that time by Eduard Kokoity.

See South Ossetia and People of South Ossetia for Peace

Peter Semneby

Peter Semneby (born 29 June 1959) is a Swedish diplomat who currently serves as Sweden's Special Envoy for the Conflict in Yemen.

See South Ossetia and Peter Semneby

Population transfer

Population transfer or resettlement is a type of mass migration that is often imposed by a state policy or international authority.

See South Ossetia and Population transfer

Poti

Poti (ფოთი; Mingrelian: ფუთი; Laz: ჶაში/Faşi or ფაში/Paşi) is a port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti in the west of the country.

See South Ossetia and Poti

Poverty threshold

The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country.

See South Ossetia and Poverty threshold

President of France

The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces.

See South Ossetia and President of France

President of Georgia

The president of Georgia (tr) is the ceremonial head of state of Georgia as well as the commander-in-chief of the Defense Forces. South Ossetia and president of Georgia are 1991 establishments in Georgia (country).

See South Ossetia and President of Georgia

President of South Ossetia

The president of the Republic of South Ossetia (Хуссар Ирыстоны президент, Президент Южной Осетии) is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and President of South Ossetia

Pretext

A pretext (pretextual) is an excuse to do something or say something that is not accurate.

See South Ossetia and Pretext

Prigorodny District, North Ossetia–Alania

Prigorodny District (Prigorodny Raion; Gorætgærony Rajon; Ghalme Shaꜧar) is an administrativeLaw #34-RZ and municipalLaw #18-RZ district (raion), one of the eight in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia.

See South Ossetia and Prigorodny District, North Ossetia–Alania

Prime Minister of South Ossetia

The Prime Minister of the Republic of South Ossetia, officially known as the Chairman of the Government, is the de facto head of government of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Prime Minister of South Ossetia

Proportional representation

Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body.

See South Ossetia and Proportional representation

Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia

South Ossetia is a partially recognized and Russian-occupied separatist state internationally recognized as part of Georgia. South Ossetia and Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia are Ossetia and Russian irredentism.

See South Ossetia and Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia

Racha

Racha (also Račha,, Račʼa) is a highland area in western Georgia, located in the upper Rioni river valley and hemmed in by the Greater Caucasus mountains.

See South Ossetia and Racha

Racha uezd

The Racha uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.

See South Ossetia and Racha uezd

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is an American government-funded international media organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analyses to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.

See South Ossetia and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Red Army invasion of Georgia

The Red Army invasion of Georgia (12 February17 March 1921), also known as the Georgian–Soviet War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,Debo, R. (1992).

See South Ossetia and Red Army invasion of Georgia

REGNUM News Agency

REGNUM News Agency is a Russian nationwide online news service disseminating news from Russia and abroad from its own correspondents, affiliate agencies and partners.

See South Ossetia and REGNUM News Agency

Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

See South Ossetia and Reuters

Richard Holbrooke

Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke (April 24, 1941 – December 13, 2010) was an American diplomat and author.

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Richard Lugar

Richard Green Lugar (April 4, 1932 – April 28, 2019) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Indiana from 1977 to 2013.

See South Ossetia and Richard Lugar

Rioni

The Rioni (რიონი) is the main river of western Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Rioni

Roki Tunnel

The Roki Tunnel (also called Roksky Tunnel, როკის გვირაბი;; Рокский туннель) is a mountain tunnel of the Transkam road through the Greater Caucasus Mountains, north of the village Upper Roka. South Ossetia and Roki Tunnel are Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Roki Tunnel

Romanization of Georgian

Romanization of Georgian is the process of transliterating the Georgian language from the Georgian script into the Latin script.

See South Ossetia and Romanization of Georgian

Rose Revolution

The Rose Revolution or Revolution of Roses (tr) was a nonviolent change of power that occurred in Georgia in November 2003.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. South Ossetia and Russia are 1991 establishments in Asia, 1991 establishments in Europe and post-Soviet states.

See South Ossetia and Russia

Russia–South Ossetia relations

Russia–South Ossetia relations (Российско-южноосетинские отношения, Хъуыд Уӕрӕсе-Хуссар Ирыстон) refers to the bilateral relationship between Russia and the Republic of South Ossetia, a disputed region in the South Caucasus, located on the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.

See South Ossetia and Russia–South Ossetia relations

Russian Airborne Forces

The Russian Airborne Forces (desantnye voyska Rossii, VDV) is the airborne forces branch of the Russian Armed Forces.

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Russian Armed Forces

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military of Russia.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

See South Ossetia and Russian Empire

Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014. South Ossetia and Russian invasion of Ukraine are Russian irredentism.

See South Ossetia and Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.

See South Ossetia and Russian language

Russian ruble

The ruble or rouble (rublʹ; symbol: ₽; abbreviation: руб or р. in Cyrillic, Rub in Latin; ISO code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation.

See South Ossetia and Russian ruble

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR..

See South Ossetia and Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Russian-occupied territories in Georgia

Russian-occupied territories in Georgia (tr) are areas of Georgia that have been occupied by Russia since the Russo-Georgian War in 2008. South Ossetia and Russian-occupied territories in Georgia are autonomous republics of Georgia (country) and separatism in Georgia (country).

See South Ossetia and Russian-occupied territories in Georgia

Russians

Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.

See South Ossetia and Russians

Russo-Georgian War

The 2008 Russo-Georgian WarThe war is known by a variety of other names, including Five-Day War, August War and Russian invasion of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Russo-Georgian War

S10 highway (Georgia)

The Georgian S10 route (Georgian: საერთაშორისო მნიშვნელობის გზა ს10, Saertashoriso mnishvnelobis gza S10, road of international importance), also known as "Gori-Tskhinvali-Gupta-Java-Roki (Russian border)", is a "road of international importance" within the Georgian road network from Gori via Tskhinvali to the Russian border at the Roki Tunnel with a length of.

See South Ossetia and S10 highway (Georgia)

Self-proclaimed

Self-proclaimed describes a legal title that is recognized by the declaring person but not necessarily by any recognized legal authority.

See South Ossetia and Self-proclaimed

Semi-presidential republic

A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state.

See South Ossetia and Semi-presidential republic

Senaki

Senaki (სენაკი, senak'i; სანაკი, sanak'i) is a city in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region, western Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Senaki

Shida Kartli

Shida Kartli (შიდა ქართლი, šida kartli,; "Inner Kartli") is a landlocked administrative region (Mkhare) in eastern Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Shida Kartli

Single-member district

A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder.

See South Ossetia and Single-member district

Sochi agreement

The Sochi agreement (also known as the Dagomys Agreements (Дагомысские соглашения), official name in Russian: «Cоглашение о принципахмирного урегулирования грузино-осетинского конфликта») was a ceasefire agreement ostensibly marking the end of both the Georgian–Ossetian and Georgian–Abkhazian conflicts, signed in Sochi on June 24, 1992 between Georgia and Russia, the ceasefire with Abkhazia on July 27, 1993.

See South Ossetia and Sochi agreement

South Caucasus

The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains.

See South Ossetia and South Caucasus

The South Ossetia National Football Team is the national team of South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and South Ossetia national football team

South Ossetia war (1991–1992)

The 1991–1992 South Ossetia War (also known as the First South Ossetia War) was fought between Georgian government forces and ethnic Georgian militias on one side and the forces of South Ossetian separatists and Russia on the other.

See South Ossetia and South Ossetia war (1991–1992)

South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast

The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (Юго-Осетинская автономная область; tr; Xuššâr Ireštone Âvtonomon bašta) was an autonomous oblast of the Soviet Union created within the Georgian SSR on April 20, 1922.

See South Ossetia and South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast

South Ossetian passport

South Ossetian passports are issued to inhabitants of South Ossetia (a disputed territory in the South Caucasus) for the purpose of international travel and for the purpose of legal identification within South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and South Ossetian passport

South Ossetian State University

The South Ossetian State University, also known as Alexander Tibilov State University (in Ossetian: Хуссар Ирыстоны паддзахадон университет, in Georgian: სამხრეთ ოსეთის პედაგოგიური ინსტიტუტი; Russian: Юго-Осетинский государственный университет) is a private university located in the city of Tskhinvali, the capital of the breakaway region of South Ossetia, in Georgia.

See South Ossetia and South Ossetian State University

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See South Ossetia and Soviet Union

Sterling silver

Sterling silver is an alloy composed by weight of 92.5% silver and 7.5% other metals, usually copper.

See South Ossetia and Sterling silver

Strasbourg

Strasbourg (Straßburg) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France, at the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace.

See South Ossetia and Strasbourg

Strategic Studies Institute

The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is the U.S. Army's institute for strategic and national security research and analysis.

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Subtropics

The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics.

See South Ossetia and Subtropics

The Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR (საქართველოს სსრ-ის უმაღლესი საბჭო, sakartvelos ssr-is umaghlesi sabch’o; Verkhovnyy Sovet Gruzinskoy SSR) was the supreme soviet (main legislative institution) of the Georgian SSR from 1938 to 1990.

See South Ossetia and Supreme Soviet of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. South Ossetia and Syria are west Asian countries.

See South Ossetia and Syria

TASS

The Russian News Agency TASS, or simply TASS, is a Russian state-owned news agency founded in 1904.

See South Ossetia and TASS

Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis, (tr) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of around 1.2 million people.

See South Ossetia and Tbilisi

Tengiz Kitovani

Tengiz Kitovani (თენგიზ კიტოვანი tengiz k’it’ovani; 9 June 1938 – 13 November 2023) was a Georgian politician and military commander with high-profile involvement in the Georgian Civil War early in the 1990s when he commanded the National Guard of Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Tengiz Kitovani

Tengiz Sigua

Tengiz Sigua (9 November 1934 – 21 January 2020) was a Georgian politician who served as Prime Minister of Georgia from 1992 to 1993.

See South Ossetia and Tengiz Sigua

Terek (river)

The Terek is a major river in the Northern Caucasus. South Ossetia and Terek (river) are Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and Terek (river)

Tertiary education

Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education.

See South Ossetia and Tertiary education

The Christian Science Monitor

The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition.

See South Ossetia and The Christian Science Monitor

The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally.

See South Ossetia and The Daily Telegraph

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See South Ossetia and The Guardian

The Moscow Times

The Moscow Times is an independent English-language and Russian-language online newspaper.

See South Ossetia and The Moscow Times

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See South Ossetia and The New York Times

The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

See South Ossetia and The Times

The Times of Israel

The Times of Israel is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012.

See South Ossetia and The Times of Israel

The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

See South Ossetia and The Washington Post

Tiflis Governorate

Tiflis Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its administrative centre in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi).

See South Ossetia and Tiflis Governorate

Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

See South Ossetia and Time (magazine)

Timur

Timur, also known as Tamerlane (8 April 133617–18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly.

See South Ossetia and Timur

Transcaucasian Highway

The Transcaucasian Highway (Транскавказская автомагистраль) or TransKAM (ТрансКАМ) is a mountain highway in the South Caucasus region, connecting southern Russia and Georgia. South Ossetia and Transcaucasian Highway are south Caucasus.

See South Ossetia and Transcaucasian Highway

Transnistria

Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is a breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova. South Ossetia and Transnistria are landlocked countries, Russian irredentism and states with limited recognition.

See South Ossetia and Transnistria

Trialeti

Trialeti (თრიალეთი) is a mountainous area in central Georgia.

See South Ossetia and Trialeti

Tskhinvali

Tskhinvali (ცხინვალი) or Tskhinval (Cxinval, Čreba,; r) is the capital of the disputed de facto independent Republic of South Ossetia, internationally considered part of Shida Kartli, Georgia (except by the Russian Federation and four other UN member states).

See South Ossetia and Tskhinvali

UEFA

The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA; Union des associations européennes de football; Union der europäischen Fußballverbände) is one of six continental bodies of governance in association football.

See South Ossetia and UEFA

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

See South Ossetia and United Nations

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See South Ossetia and United States

University World News

University World News (UWN) is an online publisher that reports on higher education news and developments from a global perspective.

See South Ossetia and University World News

Vehicle registration plates of South Ossetia

The government of South Ossetia issues its own license plates for the vehicles registered on the territory it controls.

See South Ossetia and Vehicle registration plates of South Ossetia

Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

See South Ossetia and Venezuela

Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

See South Ossetia and Vienna

Vladikavkaz

Vladikavkaz, formerly known as Ordzhonikidze (Орджоники́дзе) and also known as Dzaudzhikau (Дзауджикау), is the capital city of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia.

See South Ossetia and Vladikavkaz

Western world

The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.

See South Ossetia and Western world

Westphalian system

The Westphalian system, also known as Westphalian sovereignty, is a principle in international law that each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory.

See South Ossetia and Westphalian system

Zugdidi

Zugdidi (ზუგდიდი; ზუგდიდი or ზუგიდი) is a city in the western Georgian historical province of Samegrelo (Mingrelia).

See South Ossetia and Zugdidi

Zugdidi Municipality

Zugdidi (ზუგდიდის მუნიციპალიტეტი) is a Municipality of Georgia, in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti.

See South Ossetia and Zugdidi Municipality

Zurab Nogaideli

Zurab Nogaideli (ზურაბ ნოღაიდელი; born 22 October 1964) is a Georgian businessman and a politician who served as the Prime Minister of Georgia from February 2005 until he resigned, citing health problems, on 16 November 2007.

See South Ossetia and Zurab Nogaideli

Zviad Gamsakhurdia

Zviad Konstantines dze Gamsakhurdia (ზვიად კონსტანტინეს ძე გამსახურდია; Zviad Konstantinovich Gamsakhurdiya; 31 March 1939 – 31 December 1993) was a Georgian politician, human rights activist, dissident, professor of English language studies and American literature at Tbilisi State University, and writer who became the first democratically-elected President of Georgia in May 1991.

See South Ossetia and Zviad Gamsakhurdia

1991 Racha earthquake

The 1991 Racha earthquake occurred in the province of Racha, Georgia, at 9:12 UTC on 29 April.

See South Ossetia and 1991 Racha earthquake

1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état

The 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, also known as the Tbilisi War, or the Putsch of 1991–1992, was an internal military conflict that took place in the newly independent Republic of Georgia following the fall of the Soviet Union, from 22 December 1991 to 6 January 1992.

See South Ossetia and 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état

2004 Adjara crisis

The Adjara crisis, also known as the Adjarian revolution or the Second Rose Revolution, was a political crisis in Georgia's Adjaran Autonomous Republic, then led by Aslan Abashidze, who refused to obey the central authorities after President Eduard Shevardnadze's ouster during the Rose Revolution of November 2003.

See South Ossetia and 2004 Adjara crisis

2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy

The 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy began when the Government of Georgia arrested four Russian officers on charges of espionage, on September 27, 2006.

See South Ossetia and 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy

2006 South Ossetian independence referendum

South Ossetia, a mostly unrecognized republic in the South Caucasus, formerly the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic with its capital in Tskhinvali, held a referendum on independence on November 12, 2006.

See South Ossetia and 2006 South Ossetian independence referendum

2008 Russo-Georgian diplomatic crisis

An international diplomatic crisis between Georgia and Russia began in 2008, when Russia announced that it would no longer participate in the Commonwealth of Independent States economic sanctions imposed on Abkhazia in 1996 and established direct relations with the separatist authorities in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and 2008 Russo-Georgian diplomatic crisis

2017 South Ossetian name change referendum

A referendum on changing the territory's name was held in South Ossetia on 9 April 2017, alongside presidential elections.

See South Ossetia and 2017 South Ossetian name change referendum

The 2019 Sportsbet.io CONIFA European Football Cup was the third edition of the CONIFA European Football Cup, an international football tournament for states, minorities, stateless peoples and regions unaffiliated with FIFA with an affiliation to Europe, organised by CONIFA.

See South Ossetia and 2019 CONIFA European Football Cup

2022 South Ossetian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the disputed territory of South Ossetia on 10 April 2022.

See South Ossetia and 2022 South Ossetian presidential election

4th Guards Military Base

The 4th Guards Military Base is a sizable overseas military base of the Russian Armed Forces stationed in the disputed territory of South Ossetia.

See South Ossetia and 4th Guards Military Base

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Ossetia

Also known as Climate change in South Ossetia, Climate of South Ossetia, Communications in South Ossetia, Culture of South Ossetia, Demographics of South Ossetia, Economy of South Ossetia, Ethnic groups in South Ossetia, Geography of South Ossetia, History of South Ossetia, Iryston (Xussar Respublika), Languages of South Ossetia, List of islands of South Ossetia, List of universities in South Ossetia, Politics of South Ossetia, Protestantism in South Ossetia, Protestants in South Ossetia, Republic of South Ossetia, Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, Republic of South Ossetia–State of Alania, Respublika Yuzhnaya Osetiya, Respublikæ Xussar Iryston, S Ossetia, S. Ossetia, Samkhreti Oseti, South Osetia, South Ossetia (Region of Georgia), South Ossetia-Alania, South Ossetian, South Ossetian Republic, South Ossetian people, South Ossettia, South osettia, State of Alania, The Republic of South Ossetia, Tskhinvali Region, Tskhinvali Region/South Ossetia, Xussar Iryston, Хуссар Ирыстон.

, Dmitry Sanakoyev, Donetsk People's Republic–South Ossetia relations, Drainage basin, Dusheti uezd, Eastern Orthodoxy, Eduard Kokoity, Eduard Shevardnadze, Election monitoring, Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in South Ossetia, European Council, European Geosciences Union, European Union, European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia, FIFA, Financial Times, Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Forbes, Frozen conflict, Georgia (country), Georgia within the Russian Empire, Georgia–Russia relations, Georgian language, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian–Ossetian conflict, Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920), Georgians, Glaciers of Georgia, Gold, Google Earth, Gori Municipality, Gori uezd, Gori, Georgia, Government of Georgia (country), Government of South Ossetia, Great Liakhvi, Greater Caucasus, Head of state, Height above mean sea level, Human Rights Watch, Independence referendum, Ingush people, Institut français des relations internationales, Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, International Affairs (journal), International Alert, International community, International Crisis Group, International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Iranian peoples, Jaba Ioseliani, Jamestown Foundation, Java, South Ossetia, Jejora, Jews, Joe Biden, Johann Anton Güldenstädt, Joint Control Commission for Georgian–Ossetian Conflict Resolution, Joseph Stalin, Kabardians, Kakheti, Kavbiuro, Kingdom of Georgia, Kingdom of Iberia, Kingdom of Kartli, Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, Kommersant, Konstantin Dzhussoev, Kopeck, Ksani, Kura (river), Kutaisi Governorate, Kyiv, Landlocked country, Languages of the Caucasus, Legal tender, Leonid Tibilov, Likhi Range, List of states with limited recognition, Little Liakhvi, Ljubljana, London, Mediterranean climate, Mel Martínez, Mensheviks, Microclimate, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikhail Mindzaev, Mikheil Saakashvili, Military Council (Georgia), Mongol Empire, Mongol invasions of Georgia, Moscow Time, Mount Khalatsa, Murder of Inal Djabiev, National Anthem of the Republic of South Ossetia, NATO, Nauru, New Eastern Europe, New York City, News Corporation, Nicaragua, Nicolas Sarkozy, North Caucasian Federal District, North Caucasus, North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, OC Media, October Revolution, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Ossetian language, Ossetians, Parliament of South Ossetia, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Pavel Felgenhauer, Peace enforcement, People of South Ossetia for Peace, Peter Semneby, Population transfer, Poti, Poverty threshold, President of France, President of Georgia, President of South Ossetia, Pretext, Prigorodny District, North Ossetia–Alania, Prime Minister of South Ossetia, Proportional representation, Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia, Racha, Racha uezd, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Red Army invasion of Georgia, REGNUM News Agency, Reuters, Richard Holbrooke, Richard Lugar, Rioni, Roki Tunnel, Romanization of Georgian, Rose Revolution, Russia, Russia–South Ossetia relations, Russian Airborne Forces, Russian Armed Forces, Russian Empire, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian language, Russian ruble, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian-occupied territories in Georgia, Russians, Russo-Georgian War, S10 highway (Georgia), Self-proclaimed, Semi-presidential republic, Senaki, Shida Kartli, Single-member district, Sochi agreement, South Caucasus, South Ossetia national football team, South Ossetia war (1991–1992), South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, South Ossetian passport, South Ossetian State University, Soviet Union, Sterling silver, Strasbourg, Strategic Studies Institute, Subtropics, Supreme Soviet of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Syria, TASS, Tbilisi, Tengiz Kitovani, Tengiz Sigua, Terek (river), Tertiary education, The Christian Science Monitor, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Moscow Times, The New York Times, The Times, The Times of Israel, The Washington Post, Tiflis Governorate, Time (magazine), Timur, Transcaucasian Highway, Transnistria, Trialeti, Tskhinvali, UEFA, United Nations, United States, University World News, Vehicle registration plates of South Ossetia, Venezuela, Vienna, Vladikavkaz, Western world, Westphalian system, Zugdidi, Zugdidi Municipality, Zurab Nogaideli, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, 1991 Racha earthquake, 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, 2004 Adjara crisis, 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy, 2006 South Ossetian independence referendum, 2008 Russo-Georgian diplomatic crisis, 2017 South Ossetian name change referendum, 2019 CONIFA European Football Cup, 2022 South Ossetian presidential election, 4th Guards Military Base.

South Ossetia, the Glossary

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