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Southern Question, the Glossary

The term southern question indicates, in Italian historiography, the perception, which developed in the post-unification context, of the situation of persistent backwardness in the socioeconomic development of the regions of southern Italy compared to the other regions of the country, especially the northern ones.^[1]

155 relations: Abruzzo, Agostino Depretis, Allied invasion of Sicily, Allies of World War II, Anniversary of the Unification of Italy, Anopheles, Antonio Gramsci, Antonio Labriola, Antonio Russo, Apulia, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Đovani Roso, Banco di Napoli, Banditry, Basilicata, Battle for Grain, Benedetto Croce, Brigandage, Calabria, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Campania, Capua, Carlo Cafiero, Carusu, Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, Central Italy, Cesare Mori, Civitella del Tronto, Class conflict, Classical radicalism, Comacchio, Constituent Assembly of Italy, Constitution of Italy, Denis Mack Smith, Ducat, Edward C. Banfield, Emanuele Felice, Emilio Covelli, Emilio Sereni, Enrico Cialdini, Errico Malatesta, European Union, Expedition of the Thousand, Exposition Universelle (1855), Fascism, Francesco Saverio Merlino, Francesco Saverio Nitti, Fréjus Rail Tunnel, Friuli, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, ... Expand index (105 more) »
Economic history of Italy
Historiography of Italy
History of the Italian Republic
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Abruzzo

Abruzzo (Abbrùzze, Abbrìzze or Abbrèzze; Abbrùzzu), historically known as Abruzzi, is a region of Southern Italy with an area of 10,763 square km (4,156 sq mi) and a population of 1.3 million.

See Southern Question and Abruzzo

Agostino Depretis

Agostino Depretis (31 January 181329 July 1887) was an Italian statesman and politician.

See Southern Question and Agostino Depretis

Allied invasion of Sicily

The Allied invasion of Sicily, also known as the Battle of Sicily and Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II in which the Allied forces invaded the island of Sicily in July 1943 and took it from the Axis powers (Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany).

See Southern Question and Allied invasion of Sicily

Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

See Southern Question and Allies of World War II

Anniversary of the Unification of Italy

The Anniversary of the Unification of Italy (Anniversario dell'Unità d'Italia) is a national day that falls annually on 17 March and celebrates the birth of Italy as a modern nation state, which took place following the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861. Southern Question and Anniversary of the Unification of Italy are italian unification.

See Southern Question and Anniversary of the Unification of Italy

Anopheles

Anopheles is a genus of mosquito first described by J. W. Meigen in 1818, and are known as nail mosquitoes and marsh mosquitoes.

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Antonio Gramsci

Antonio Francesco Gramsci (22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician.

See Southern Question and Antonio Gramsci

Antonio Labriola

Antonio Labriola (2 July 1843 – 12 February 1904) was an Italian Marxist theoretician and philosopher.

See Southern Question and Antonio Labriola

Antonio Russo

Antonio Russo (3 June 1960 – 16 October 2000) was an Italian journalist and Vice-President of the International Press Free lance (FLIP), He was murdered while covering the Second Chechen War.

See Southern Question and Antonio Russo

Apulia

Apulia, also known by its Italian name Puglia, is a region of Italy, located in the southern peninsular section of the country, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Strait of Otranto and Ionian Sea to the southeast and the Gulf of Taranto to the south.

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Arnoldo Mondadori Editore

Arnoldo Mondadori Editore is the biggest publishing company in Italy.

See Southern Question and Arnoldo Mondadori Editore

Đovani Roso

Đovani Roso (Giovanni Rosso; born 17 November 1972) is a Croatian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

See Southern Question and Đovani Roso

Banco di Napoli

Banco di Napoli S.p.A., among the oldest banks in the world, was an Italian banking subsidiary of Intesa Sanpaolo group, as one of the 6 retail brands other than "Intesa Sanpaolo".

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Banditry

Banditry is a type of organized crime committed by outlaws typically involving the threat or use of violence.

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Basilicata

Basilicata, also known by its ancient name Lucania, is an administrative region in Southern Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Apulia to the north and east, and Calabria to the south.

See Southern Question and Basilicata

Battle for Grain

The Battle for Grain, also known as the Battle for Wheat, was a propaganda campaign launched in 1925 during the fascist regime of Italy by Benito Mussolini, with the aim of gaining self-sufficiency in wheat production and freeing Italy from the "slavery of foreign bread". Southern Question and Battle for Grain are economic history of Italy.

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Benedetto Croce

Benedetto Croce, OCI, COSML (25 February 1866 – 20 November 1952) was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and politician who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography, and aesthetics.

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Brigandage

Brigandage is the life and practice of highway robbery and plunder.

See Southern Question and Brigandage

Calabria

Calabria is a region in southern Italy.

See Southern Question and Calabria

Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as the Count of Cavour (Conte di Cavour) or simply Cavour, was an Italian politician, statesman, businessman, economist, and noble, and a leading figure in the movement towards Italian unification.

See Southern Question and Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

Campania

Campania is an administrative region of Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islands and the island of Capri.

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Capua

Capua is a city and comune in the province of Caserta, in the region of Campania, southern Italy, situated north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain.

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Carlo Cafiero

Carlo Cafiero (1 September 1846 – 17 July 1892) was an Italian anarchist that led the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA).

See Southern Question and Carlo Cafiero

Carusu

Carusu (plural carusi) is the Sicilian word for "boy" and is derived from the Latin carus which means "dear", Associazione Amici della miniera (Access date: August 28, 2013) In the mid-1800s through the early 1900s in Sicily, carusu was used to denote a "mine-boy", a labourer in a sulfur, salt or potash mine who worked next to a picuneri or pick-man, and carried raw ore from deep in the mine to the surface.

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Cassa per il Mezzogiorno

The Cassa del Mezzogiorno ("Fund for the South") was a public effort by the government of Italy to stimulate economic growth and development in the less developed Southern Italy (also known as the Mezzogiorno). Southern Question and Cassa per il Mezzogiorno are economic history of Italy.

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Central Italy

Central Italy (Italia centrale or Centro Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region, and a European Parliament constituency.

See Southern Question and Central Italy

Cesare Mori

Cesare Mori (22 December 1871 – 5 July 1942) was a prefect (prefetto) before and during the Italian Fascism period.

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Civitella del Tronto

Civitella del Tronto is a town and comune in the province of Teramo, within the Abruzzo region of central Italy.

See Southern Question and Civitella del Tronto

Class conflict

In political science, the term class conflict, or class struggle, refers to the political tension and economic antagonism that exist among the social classes of society, because of socioeconomic competition for resources among the social classes, between the rich and the poor.

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Classical radicalism

Radicalism (from French radical) was a political movement representing the leftward flank of liberalism during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and a precursor to social liberalism, social democracy, civil libertarianism, and modern progressivism.

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Comacchio

Comacchio (Cmâc') is a town and comune of Emilia Romagna, Italy, in the province of Ferrara, from the provincial capital Ferrara.

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Constituent Assembly of Italy

The Italian Constituent Assembly (Italian: Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana) was a parliamentary chamber which existed in Italy from 25 June 1946 until 31 January 1948.

See Southern Question and Constituent Assembly of Italy

Constitution of Italy

The Constitution of the Italian Republic (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana) was ratified on 22 December 1947 by the Constituent Assembly, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against, before coming into force on 1 January 1948, one century after the previous Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy had been enacted.

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Denis Mack Smith

Denis Mack Smith CBE FBA FRSL (March 3, 1920 – July 11, 2017) was an English historian who specialized in the history of Italy from the Risorgimento onwards.

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Ducat

The ducat coin was used as a trade coin in Europe from the later Middle Ages to the 19th century.

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Edward C. Banfield

Edward Christie Banfield (November 19, 1916 – September 30, 1999) was an American political scientist, best known as the author of The Moral Basis of a Backward Society (1958), and The Unheavenly City (1970).

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Emanuele Felice

Emanuele Felice (b. 1977) is an Italian economist and historian, a leading figure in the Italian public debate.

See Southern Question and Emanuele Felice

Emilio Covelli

Emilio Covelli (1846–1915) was an Italian anarchist and socialist who together with Carlo Cafiero was one of the most important figures in the early socialist movement in Italy, a member of the International Workingmen's Association, or "First International".

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Emilio Sereni

Emilio Sereni (13 August 1907, Rome – 20 March 1977, Rome) was an Italian writer, politician and historian.

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Enrico Cialdini

Enrico Cialdini, Duca di Gaeta (10 August 18118 September 1892) was an Italian soldier, politician and diplomat.

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Errico Malatesta

Errico Malatesta (4 December 1853 – 22 July 1932) was an Italian anarchist propagandist and revolutionary socialist.

See Southern Question and Errico Malatesta

European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Expedition of the Thousand

The Expedition of the Thousand (Spedizione dei Mille) was an event of the unification of Italy that took place in 1860.

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Exposition Universelle (1855)

The italic of 1855, better known in English as the 1855 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, France, from 15 May to 15 November 1855.

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Fascism

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

See Southern Question and Fascism

Francesco Saverio Merlino

Francesco Saverio Merlino (9 September 1856 – 30 June 1930) was an Italian lawyer, anarchist activist and theorist of libertarian socialism.

See Southern Question and Francesco Saverio Merlino

Francesco Saverio Nitti

Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paola Nitti (19 July 1868 – 20 February 1953) was an Italian economist and political figure.

See Southern Question and Francesco Saverio Nitti

Fréjus Rail Tunnel

The Fréjus Rail Tunnel (also called Mont Cenis Tunnel) is a rail tunnel of length in the European Alps, carrying the Turin–Modane railway through Mont Cenis to an end-on connection with the Culoz–Modane railway and linking Bardonecchia in Italy to Modane in France.

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Friuli

Friuli (Friûl; Friul or Friułi; Furlanija; Friaul) is a historical region of northeast Italy.

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Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Friuli-Venezia Giulia is one of the 20 regions of Italy and one of five autonomous regions with special statute.

See Southern Question and Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Fucine Lake

The Fucine Lake (Lago Fucino or Lago di Celano) was a large endorheic karst lake between above sea level and surrounded by the Monte Sirente-Monte Velino mountain ranges to the north-northeast, Mount Salviano to the west, Vallelonga to the south, and the Valle del Giovenco to the east-southeast.

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Gaetano Salvemini

Gaetano Salvemini (8 September 1873 – 6 September 1957) was an Italian socialist and anti-fascist politician, historian, and writer.

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Giacinto de' Sivo

Giacinto de' Sivo (29 November 181419 November 1867) was an Italian politician, historian and journalist.

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Giordano Bruno Guerri

Giordano Bruno Guerri (born 21 December 1950) is an Italian historian, writer, and journalist.

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Giorgio Napolitano

Giorgio Napolitano (29 June 1925 – 22 September 2023) was an Italian politician who served as the 11th president of Italy from 2006 to 2015, the first to be re-elected to the office.

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Giovanni Giolitti

Giovanni Giolitti (27 October 1842 – 17 July 1928) was an Italian statesman.

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi (In his native Ligurian language, he is known as Gioxeppe Gaibado. In his particular Niçard dialect of Ligurian, he was known as Jousé or Josep. 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican.

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Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa

Giuseppe Tomasi, 11th Prince of Lampedusa, 12th Duke of Palma, GE (23 December 1896 – 23 July 1957), known as Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, was an Italian writer, nobleman, and Prince of Lampedusa.

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Giustino Fortunato

Giustino Fortunato (4 September 1848 – 23 July 1932) was an Italian historian and politician.

See Southern Question and Giustino Fortunato

Global North and Global South

Global North and Global South are terms that denote a method of grouping countries based on their defining characteristics with regard to socioeconomics and politics.

See Southern Question and Global North and Global South

Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di Toscana; Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1860, replacing the Republic of Florence.

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Great Exhibition

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, also known as the Great Exhibition or the Crystal Palace Exhibition (in reference to the temporary structure in which it was held), was an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 15 October 1851.

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Guilherme d'Oliveira Martins

Guilherme Valdemar Pereira de Oliveira Martins (Lisbon, 23 September 1952) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician.

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Harrod–Domar model

The Harrod–Domar model is a Keynesian model of economic growth.

See Southern Question and Harrod–Domar model

History of Italy

The European country of Italy has been inhabited by humans since at least 850,000 years ago.

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History of rail transport in Italy

The Italian railway system is one of the most important parts of the infrastructure of Italy, with a total length of as of 2011.

See Southern Question and History of rail transport in Italy

House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

The House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies is a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon that ruled Southern Italy and Sicily for more than a century in the 18th and 19th centuries. Southern Question and House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies are kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

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Insular Italy

Insular Italy (Italia insulare or just Isole) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency.

See Southern Question and Insular Italy

Intensive farming

Intensive agriculture, also known as intensive farming (as opposed to extensive farming), conventional, or industrial agriculture, is a type of agriculture, both of crop plants and of animals, with higher levels of input and output per unit of agricultural land area.

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International Workingmen's Association

The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, social democratic, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle.

See Southern Question and International Workingmen's Association

Istituto Mobiliare Italiano

The Istituto Mobiliare Italiano (IMI) was a public financial institution in Italy based in Rome, founded in 1931, privatized in the 1990s and eventually acquired in 1998 by Istituto Bancario San Paolo di Torino.

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Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale

The Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI; English: "Institute for Industrial Reconstruction") was an Italian public holding company established in 1933 by the Fascist regime to rescue, restructure and finance banks and private companies that went bankrupt during the Great Depression.

See Southern Question and Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale

Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity

The Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (Partito Democratico Italiano di Unità Monarchica, PDIUM) was an Italian monarchist political party.

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Italian diaspora

The Italian diaspora (emigrazione italiana) is the large-scale emigration of Italians from Italy.

See Southern Question and Italian diaspora

Italian economic miracle

The Italian economic miracle or Italian economic boom (il miracolo economico italiano. or il boom economico italiano) is the term used by historians, economists, and the mass media to designate the prolonged period of strong economic growth in Italy after World War II to the late 1960s, and in particular the years from 1958 to 1963. Southern Question and italian economic miracle are economic history of Italy.

See Southern Question and Italian economic miracle

Italian lira

The lira (lire) was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002.

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Italian National Institute of Statistics

The Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istituto nazionale di statistica; Istat) is the primary source of official statistics in Italy.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

See Southern Question and Karl Marx

Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946. Southern Question and Kingdom of Italy are kingdom of Italy (1861–1946).

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Kingdom of Sardinia

The Kingdom of Sardinia,The name of the state was originally Latin: Regnum Sardiniae, or Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica.

See Southern Question and Kingdom of Sardinia

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Regno delle Due Sicilie) was a kingdom in Southern Italy from 1816 to 1861 under the control of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, a cadet branch of the Bourbons. Southern Question and kingdom of the Two Sicilies are italian unification.

See Southern Question and Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Latifundium

A latifundium (Latin: latus, "spacious", and fundus, "farm", "estate") was originally the term used by ancient Romans for great landed estates specialising in agriculture destined for sale: grain, olive oil, or wine.

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Lazio

Lazio or Latium (from the original Latin name) is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy.

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Leopoldo Franchetti

Leopoldo Franchetti (31 May 1847 – 4 November 1917) was an Italian publicist, politician, and patron.

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Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population.

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Luigi Einaudi

Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi (24 March 1874 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian politician and economist.

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Luigi Mezzacapo

Luigi Mezzacapo (Trapani, 25 January 1814 – Rome, 27 January 1885) was an Italian general, patriot and politician.

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Marche

Marche, in English sometimes referred to as the Marches, is one of the twenty regions of Italy.

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Marco Minghetti

Marco Minghetti (18 November 1818 – 10 December 1886) was an Italian economist and statesman.

See Southern Question and Marco Minghetti

Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe.

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Marxism

Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.

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Massimo d'Azeglio

Massimo Taparelli, Marquess of Azeglio (24 October 1798 – 15 January 1866), commonly called Massimo d'Azeglio, was a Piedmontese-Italian statesman, novelist, and painter.

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Medieval commune

Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city.

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Mont Cenis Pass Railway

The Mont Cenis Pass Railway operated from 1868 to 1871 (with some interruptions) during the construction of the Fréjus Rail Tunnel through the Alps between Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, southeast France and Susa, Piedmont, northwest Italy.

See Southern Question and Mont Cenis Pass Railway

Mortmain

Mortmain is the perpetual, inalienable ownership of real estate by a corporation or legal institution; the term is usually used in the context of its prohibition.

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Naples

Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.

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Naples–Portici railway

The Naples–Portici railway (ferrovia Napoli–Portici) was the first Italian railway line, built by the Bayard Company and opened in 1839.

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Northern Italy

Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale, label, label) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy.

See Southern Question and Northern Italy

Novara

Novara (Novarese) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy, to the west of Milan.

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Officine di Pietrarsa

Officine di Pietrarsa was the first Italian factory to produce locomotives, rails and rolling stock.

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Omertà

Omertà is a Southern Italian code of silence and code of honor and conduct that places importance on silence in the face of questioning by authorities or outsiders; non-cooperation with authorities, the government, or outsiders, especially during criminal investigations; and willfully ignoring and generally avoiding interference with the illegal activities of others (i.e., not contacting law enforcement or the authorities when one is aware of, witness to, or even the victim of certain crimes).

See Southern Question and Omertà

Palermo

Palermo (Palermu, locally also Paliemmu or Palèimmu) is a city in southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan province.

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Paolo Malanima

Paolo Malanima (born 17 December 1950) is an Italian economic historian, Professor Emeritus of Economic History at the Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, and former director of the Institute of Studies on Mediterranean Societies in Naples.

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Paolo Mieli

Paolo Mieli (born 25 February 1949) is an Italian journalist who has been editor of Italy's leading newspaper, Corriere della Sera.

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Paolo Sylos Labini

Paolo Sylos Labini (30 October 1920 – 7 December 2005) was an Italian economist and a key figure in the economic debate in post-World War II Italy.

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Papal States

The Papal States (Stato Pontificio), officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa; Status Ecclesiasticus), were a conglomeration of territories on the Apennine Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope from 756 to 1870.

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Pasquale Villari

Pasquale Villari (3 October 1827 – 11 December 1917) was an Italian historian and politician.

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Piedmont

Piedmont (Piemonte,; Piemont), located in northwest Italy, is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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Po Valley

The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain (Pianura Padana, or Val Padana) is a major geographical feature of Northern Italy.

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Pontine Marshes

Lake Fogliano, a coastal lagoon in the Pontine Plain The Pontine Marshes (Agro Pontino, formerly also Paludi Pontine; Pomptīnus Ager by Titus Livius, Pomptīna Palus and Pomptīnae Paludes by Pliny the ElderNatural History 3.59.) is an approximately quadrangular area of former marshland in the Lazio Region of central Italy, extending along the coast southeast of Rome about from just east of Anzio to Terracina (ancient Tarracina), varying in distance inland between the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Volscian Mountains (the Monti Lepini in the north, the Monti Ausoni in the center, and the Monti Aurunci in the south) from The northwestern border runs approximately from the mouth of the river Astura along the river and from its upper reaches to Cori in the Monti Lepini.

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Post-unification Italian brigandage

Brigandage in Southern Italy (brigantaggio) had existed in some form since ancient times. Southern Question and Post-unification Italian brigandage are italian unification and kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

See Southern Question and Post-unification Italian brigandage

Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy

The proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy happened with a normative act of the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia — the law 17 March 1861, n. 4761 — with which Victor Emmanuel II assumed for himself and for his successors the title of King of Italy. Southern Question and proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy are italian unification and kingdom of Italy (1861–1946).

See Southern Question and Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy

Real Ferdinando Bridge

The catenary suspension bridge of Real Ferdinando or the Ferdinandeo Bridge over the River Garigliano was the first iron catenary suspension bridge built in Italy, and one of the earliest in continental Europe.

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Reali ferriere ed Officine di Mongiana

Reali ferriere ed Officine di Mongiana or Villaggio Siderurgico di Mongiana (in English: Mongiana Royal Iron Foundry and Works or The Iron & Steel town of Mangiano) was an iron and steel foundry in the small town of Mongiana, in Calabria (Italy).

See Southern Question and Reali ferriere ed Officine di Mongiana

Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia

The Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia (Royal Dockyard of Castellammare di Stabia) was founded in 1783 by Sir John Acton, Prime Minister of Ferdinand IV of the Kingdom of Naples.

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Renato Brunetta

Renato Brunetta (born 15 May 1950) is an Italian economist and politician.

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Robert D. Putnam

Robert David Putnam (born January 9, 1941) is an American political scientist specializing in comparative politics.

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Roman question

The Roman question (Questione romana; Quaestio Romana) was a dispute regarding the temporal power of the popes as rulers of a civil territory in the context of the Italian Risorgimento. Southern Question and roman question are italian unification and kingdom of Italy (1861–1946).

See Southern Question and Roman question

Rosario Romeo

Rosario Romeo (11 October 1924 – 16 March 1987) was a leading historian of the Italian Risorgimento and of Italian modern history more generally.

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Rostow's stages of growth

The Rostovian take-off model (also called "Rostow's Stages of Growth") is one of the major historical models of economic growth.

See Southern Question and Rostow's stages of growth

Rothschild family

The Rothschild family is a wealthy Ashkenazi Jewish noble banking family originally from Frankfurt that rose to prominence with Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812), a court factor to the German Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel in the Free City of Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, who established his banking business in the 1760s.

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Sabino Cassese

Sabino Cassese (born 20 October 1935) is an Italian jurist, former minister for the public function in the Ciampi government (1993–1994), and judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy (2005–2014).

See Southern Question and Sabino Cassese

Salerno

Salerno (Salierno) is an ancient city and comune (municipality) in Campania, southwestern Italy, and is the capital of the namesake province, being the second largest city in the region by number of inhabitants, after Naples.

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Sampierdarena

Sampierdarena (also San Pier d'Arena; Ligurian: San Pè d'ænn-a) is a major port and industrial area of Genoa, in northwest Italy.

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Sardinia

Sardinia (Sardegna; Sardigna) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the twenty regions of Italy.

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Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of rapid scientific discovery, standardisation, mass production and industrialisation from the late 19th century into the early 20th century.

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Sicilian language

Sicilian (sicilianu,; siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.

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Sicilian revolution of 1848

The Sicilian revolution of independence of 1848 (Rivuluzzioni nnipinnintista siciliana dû 1848; Rivoluzione siciliana del 1848) which commenced on 12 January 1848 was the first of the numerous Revolutions of 1848 which swept across Europe.

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia,; Sicilia,, officially Regione Siciliana) is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

See Southern Question and Sicily

Sidney Sonnino

Sidney Costantino, Baron Sonnino (11 March 1847 – 24 November 1922) was an Italian statesman, 19th prime minister of Italy and twice served briefly as one, in 1906 and again from 1909 to 1910.

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Slap of Tunis

The Slap of Tunis (Schiaffo di Tunisi in Italian), was an expression used by the Italian press and historiographers from the end of the 19th century to describe an episode of the political crisis elapsed at the time between the Kingdom of Italy and the French Third Republic.

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Solow–Swan model

The Solow–Swan model or exogenous growth model is an economic model of long-run economic growth.

See Southern Question and Solow–Swan model

Southern Italy

Southern Italy (Sud Italia,, or Italia meridionale,; 'o Sudde; Italia dû Suddi), also known as Meridione or Mezzogiorno (Miezojuorno; Menzujornu), is a macroregion of Italy consisting of its southern regions.

See Southern Question and Southern Italy

Stefano Castagnola

Stefano Castagnola (Chiavari, 3 August 1825 – Genoa, 11 September 1891) was an Italian lawyer and politician.

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Stefano Jacini

Count Stefano Jacini (Casalbuttano, 20 June 1826 – Milan, 15 March 1891) was an Italian statesman and economist.

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Sulfur mining in Sicily

Sulfur was one of Sicily's most important mineral resources, which is no longer exploited. Southern Question and Sulfur mining in Sicily are kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

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Taranto

Taranto (Tarde) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy.

See Southern Question and Taranto

Tavoliere delle Puglie

The Tavoliere seen from the Gargano promontory. The paren) is a plain in northern Apulia, southern Italy, occupying nearly a half of the Capitanata traditional region. It covers a surface of c. 3,000 km2, once constituting a sea bottom: it is bounded by the Daunian Pre-Apennines on the West, the Gargano Promontory and the Adriatic Sea on the East, by the Fortore river on the north, and the Ofanto river on the south.

See Southern Question and Tavoliere delle Puglie

The Leopard

The Leopard (Il Gattopardo) is a novel by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa that chronicles the changes in Sicilian life and society during the Risorgimento. Southern Question and the Leopard are italian unification.

See Southern Question and The Leopard

The Moral Basis of a Backward Society

The Moral Basis of a Backward Society is a book by Edward C. Banfield, an American political scientist who visited Montegrano, Italy (Montegrano is the fictitious name used by Banfield to protect the original town of Chiaromonte, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata) in 1955.

See Southern Question and The Moral Basis of a Backward Society

Third Italian War of Independence

The Third Italian War of Independence (Terza guerra d'indipendenza italiana) was a war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire fought between June and August 1866.

See Southern Question and Third Italian War of Independence

Trentino

Provincia autonoma di Trento (Provinzia Autonoma de Trent; Autonome Provinz Trient), commonly known as Trentino, is an autonomous province of Italy in the country's far north.

See Southern Question and Trentino

Triple Alliance (1882)

The Triple Alliance was a defensive military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

See Southern Question and Triple Alliance (1882)

Triveneto

The Triveneto or i (Tre Venesie; Venetien), also often referred to as North-Eastern Italy or simply North-EastNot to be misunderstood with the statistical region Northeast Italy, which includes Emilia-Romagna, too.

See Southern Question and Triveneto

Tuscany

Italian: toscano | citizenship_it.

See Southern Question and Tuscany

Umbria

Umbria is a region of central Italy.

See Southern Question and Umbria

Unification of Italy

The unification of Italy (Unità d'Italia), also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 resulted in the consolidation of various states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy. Southern Question and unification of Italy are italian unification.

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Value added

Value added is a term in financial economics for calculating the difference between market value of a product or service, and the sum value of its constituents.

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Veneto

Veneto or the Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the north-east of the country.

See Southern Question and Veneto

Vercelli

Vercelli (Vërsèj) is a city and comune of 46,552 inhabitants (January 1, 2017) in the Province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy.

See Southern Question and Vercelli

Victor Emmanuel II

Victor Emmanuel II (Vittorio Emanuele II; full name: Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia (also known as Piedmont-Sardinia) from 23 March 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878.

See Southern Question and Victor Emmanuel II

Vittorio Bachelet

Vittorio Bachelet (20 February 1926 – 12 February 1980) was an Italian academic and politician, former vice president of the High Council of the Judiciary.

See Southern Question and Vittorio Bachelet

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See Southern Question and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Southern Question and World War II

1973 oil crisis

In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.

See Southern Question and 1973 oil crisis

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Question

, Fucine Lake, Gaetano Salvemini, Giacinto de' Sivo, Giordano Bruno Guerri, Giorgio Napolitano, Giovanni Giolitti, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Giustino Fortunato, Global North and Global South, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Great Exhibition, Guilherme d'Oliveira Martins, Harrod–Domar model, History of Italy, History of rail transport in Italy, House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Insular Italy, Intensive farming, International Workingmen's Association, Istituto Mobiliare Italiano, Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale, Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity, Italian diaspora, Italian economic miracle, Italian lira, Italian National Institute of Statistics, Karl Marx, Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Sardinia, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Latifundium, Lazio, Leopoldo Franchetti, Lombardy, Luigi Einaudi, Luigi Mezzacapo, Marche, Marco Minghetti, Marshall Plan, Marxism, Massimo d'Azeglio, Medieval commune, Mont Cenis Pass Railway, Mortmain, Naples, Naples–Portici railway, Northern Italy, Novara, Officine di Pietrarsa, Omertà, Palermo, Paolo Malanima, Paolo Mieli, Paolo Sylos Labini, Papal States, Pasquale Villari, Piedmont, Po Valley, Pontine Marshes, Post-unification Italian brigandage, Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, Real Ferdinando Bridge, Reali ferriere ed Officine di Mongiana, Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia, Renato Brunetta, Robert D. Putnam, Roman question, Rosario Romeo, Rostow's stages of growth, Rothschild family, Sabino Cassese, Salerno, Sampierdarena, Sardinia, Second Industrial Revolution, Sicilian language, Sicilian revolution of 1848, Sicily, Sidney Sonnino, Slap of Tunis, Solow–Swan model, Southern Italy, Stefano Castagnola, Stefano Jacini, Sulfur mining in Sicily, Taranto, Tavoliere delle Puglie, The Leopard, The Moral Basis of a Backward Society, Third Italian War of Independence, Trentino, Triple Alliance (1882), Triveneto, Tuscany, Umbria, Unification of Italy, Value added, Veneto, Vercelli, Victor Emmanuel II, Vittorio Bachelet, World War I, World War II, 1973 oil crisis.

Southern Question, the Glossary

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