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Special settlements in the Soviet Union, the Glossary

Index Special settlements in the Soviet Union

Special settlements in the Soviet Union were the result of population transfers and were performed in a series of operations organized according to social class or nationality of the deported.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 133 relations: Administrative process, Against Their Will (Polyan book), Altai Mountains, Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev, Apartheid, Armenians, Assyrian people, Axis powers, Balkars, Baltic states, Belarus, Bessarabia, Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939), Bukovina, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union, Chechnya, Closed city, Collectivization in the Soviet Union, Corvée, Cossacks, Council of People's Commissars, Crimea, Crimean Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Criminal law, Dekulakization, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dmitri Volkogonov, Enemy of the people, Estonians, Ethnic cleansing, European Russia, Exile, Extrajudicial punishment, Fifth column, Finns, Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Forced labour, Forester, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Germans, Government of the Soviet Union, Great Purge, Greeks, Gulag, Human rights in the Soviet Union, Ingushetia, Inochentism, Iranian peoples, ... Expand index (83 more) »

  2. Forced migration in the Soviet Union
  3. Settlement schemes in the Soviet Union
  4. Unfree labor in the Soviet Union

Administrative process

By administrative means (В административном порядке, "V administrativnom poryadke") was a term used in the Soviet Union when some actions which would normally require a court decision were left to the decision of executive bodies (administration) i.e., a form of extrajudicial punishment.

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Against Their Will (Polyan book)

Against Their Will... Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Against Their Will (Polyan book) are forced migration in the Soviet Union.

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Altai Mountains

The Altai Mountains, also spelled Altay Mountains, are a mountain range in Central Asia and Eastern Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan converge, and where the rivers Irtysh and Ob have their headwaters.

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Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev

Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev (Андре́й Андре́евич Андре́ев; 30 October 1895 – 5 December 1971) was a Soviet Communist politician.

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Apartheid

Apartheid (especially South African English) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s.

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Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

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Assyrian people

Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

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Balkars

Balkars (Malqarlıla or Таулула, Tawlula, 'Mountaineers') are a Turkic ethnic group in the North Caucasus region, one of the titular populations of Kabardino-Balkaria.

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Baltic states

The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

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Belarus

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

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Bessarabia

Bessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.

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Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)

Białystok Voivodeship (Województwo białostockie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939).

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Bukovina

BukovinaBukowina or Buchenland; Bukovina; Bukowina; Bucovina; Bukovyna; see also other languages.

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The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR or Byelorussian SSR; Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка; Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика), also known as Byelorussia, was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR).

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Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union

The Central Executive Committee of the USSR (Tsentralʹnyĭ ispolnitelʹnyĭ komitet SSSR), which may be abbreviated as the CEC, was the supreme governing body of the USSR in between sessions of the All-Union Congress of Soviets from 1922 to 1938.

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Chechnya

Chechnya, officially the Chechen Republic, is a republic of Russia.

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Closed city

A closed city or town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied so that specific authorization is required to visit or remain overnight.

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Collectivization in the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union introduced forced collectivization (Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the ascension of Joseph Stalin.

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Corvée

Corvée is a form of unpaid forced labour that is intermittent in nature, lasting for limited periods of time, typically only a certain number of days' work each year.

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Cossacks

The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.

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Council of People's Commissars

The Council of People's Commissars (CPC) (Sovet narodnykh kommissarov (SNK)), commonly known as the Sovnarkom (Совнарком), were the highest executive authorities of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), the Soviet Union (USSR), and the Soviet republics from 1917 to 1946.

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Crimea

Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.

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Crimean Bulgarians

The Crimean Bulgarians (кримски българи, krimski balgari) are a historical ethnic Bulgarian minority in Crimea, a peninsula in Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea.

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Crimean Tatars

Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group and nation native to Crimea.

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Criminal law

Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.

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Dekulakization

Dekulakization (raskulachivaniye; rozkurkulennya) was the Soviet campaign of political repressions, including arrests, deportations, or executions of millions of kulaks (wealthy peasants) and their families. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Dekulakization are forced migration in the Soviet Union and political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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Dmitri Volkogonov

Dmitri Antonovich Volkogonov (Дми́трий Анто́нович Волкого́нов; 22 March 1928 – 6 December 1995) was a Soviet and Russian historian and colonel general who was head of the Soviet military's psychological warfare department.

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Enemy of the people

The terms enemy of the people and enemy of the nation are designations for the political opponents and for the social-class opponents of the power group within a larger social unit, who, thus identified, can be subjected to political repression. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and enemy of the people are political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Estonians

Estonians or Estonian people (eestlased) are a Baltic Finnic ethnic group who speak the Estonian language.

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Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and ethnic cleansing are forced migration.

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European Russia

European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation.

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Exile

Exile or banishment, is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Exile are forced migration.

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Extrajudicial punishment is a punishment for an alleged crime or offense which is carried out without legal process or supervision by a court or tribunal through a legal proceeding.

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Fifth column

A fifth column is a group of people who undermine a larger group or nation from within, usually in favor of an enemy group or another nation.

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Finns

Finns or Finnish people (suomalaiset) are a Baltic Finnic ethnic group native to Finland.

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Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union

Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union was considered by the Soviet Union to be part of German war reparations for the damage inflicted by Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union during the Axis-Soviet campaigns (1941–1945) of World War II. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are unfree labor in the Soviet Union.

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Forced labour

Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.

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Forester

A forester is a person who practises forest management and forestry, the science, art, and profession of managing forests.

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The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Georgia, the Georgian SSR, or simply Georgia, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its second occupation (by Russia) in 1921 to its independence in 1991.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Government of the Soviet Union

The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was the executive and administrative organ of the highest body of state authority, the All-Union Supreme Soviet.

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Great Purge

The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Great Purge are political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Gulag

The Gulag was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Gulag are political repression in the Soviet Union and unfree labor in the Soviet Union.

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Human rights in the Soviet Union

Human rights in the Soviet Union were severely limited.

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Ingushetia

Ingushetia or Ingushetiya, officially the Republic of Ingushetia, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe.

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Inochentism

Inochentism (occasionally translated as Innocentism or the Inochentist church; Inochentism; Russian: Иннокентьевцы, Innokentevtsy) is a millennialist and Charismatic Christian sect, split from mainstream Eastern Orthodoxy in the early 20th century. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Inochentism are forced migration in the Soviet Union and political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Iranian peoples

The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities.

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Italians

Italians (italiani) are an ethnic group native to the Italian geographical region.

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Jānis Rudzutaks

Jānis Rudzutaks (Yan Ernestovich Rudzutak; – 29 July 1938) was a Latvian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician.

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Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses is a nontrinitarian, millenarian, restorationist Christian denomination.

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Joint State Political Directorate

The Joint State Political Directorate (p), abbreviated as OGPU (p), was the secret police of the Soviet Union from November 1923 to July 1934, succeeding the State Political Directorate (GPU). Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Joint State Political Directorate are political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Kalmykia

Kalmykia, officially the Republic of Kalmykia, is a republic of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region of Southern Russia.

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Karachays

The Karachays or Karachai (Qaraçaylıla or таулула, tawlula, 'Mountaineers') are an indigenous North Caucasian-Turkic ethnic group native to the North Caucasus.

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The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia, was a republic of the Soviet Union.

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Katorga

Katorga (p; from medieval and modern) was a system of penal labor in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union (see Katorga labor in the Soviet Union). Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Katorga are history of Siberia.

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The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Kazakhstan, the Kazakh SSR, or simply Kazakhstan, was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991.

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Kharkiv

Kharkiv (Харків), also known as Kharkov (Харькoв), is the second-largest city in Ukraine.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

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Kola Norwegians

The Kola Norwegians (Kolanordmenn) are Norwegian people, who mostly settled along the coastline of the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Kola Norwegians are forced migration in the Soviet Union and political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Kolkhoz

A kolkhoz (p) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union.

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Komsomol

The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union.

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Koreans

Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to Korea.

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Kresy

Eastern Borderlands (Kresy Wschodnie) or simply Borderlands (Kresy) was a term coined for the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period (1918–1939). Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Kresy are deportation.

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Kulak

Kulak (a; plural: кулаки́, kulakí, 'fist' or 'tight-fisted'), also kurkul or golchomag (plural), was the term which was used to describe peasants who owned over of land towards the end of the Russian Empire. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and kulak are forced migration in the Soviet Union and political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Labor camp

A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment.

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Latvians

Latvians (latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics.

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Lavrentiy Beria

Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (p; ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია, Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria; – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet politician and one of the longest-serving and most influential of Joseph Stalin's secret police chiefs, serving as head of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) from 1938 to 1946, during the country's involvement in the Second World War.

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Lithuanians

Lithuanians (lietuviai) are a Baltic ethnic group.

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Lynne Viola

Lynne Viola is a scholar on the Soviet Union.

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Meskhetian Turks

Meskhetian Turks, also referred to as Turkish Meskhetians, Ahiska Turks, and Turkish Ahiskans, (მესხეთის თურქები Meskhetis turk'ebi) are a subgroup of ethnic Turkish people formerly inhabiting the Meskheti region of Georgia, along the border with Turkey.

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Militsiya

Militsiya (mʲɪˈlʲitsɨjə) were the police forces in the Soviet Union until 1991, in several Eastern Bloc countries (1945–1992), and in the non-aligned SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD; Министерство внутреннихдел, Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del) is the interior ministry of Russia.

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The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR (Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ), also known as the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan SSR, Soviet Moldavia, Soviet Moldova, or simply Moldavia or Moldova, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.

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Monument to the Fallen and Murdered in the East

The Monument to the Fallen and Murdered in the East is a monument in Warsaw, Poland which commemorates the victims of the Soviet invasion of Poland during World War II and subsequent repressions.

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Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.

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Murmansk Oblast

Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of.

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Nazino tragedy

The Nazino tragedy (Nazinskaya tragediya) was the mass murder and mass deportation of around 6,700 prisoners to Nazino Island, located on the Ob River in West Siberian Krai, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Union (now Tomsk Oblast, Russia), in May 1933. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Nazino tragedy are forced migration in the Soviet Union and political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del), abbreviated as NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and NKVD are political repression in the Soviet Union.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a region in Europe governed by Russia.

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Norwegians

Norwegians (Nordmenn) are an ethnic group and nation native to Norway, where they form the vast majority of the population.

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Operation North

Operation North (Операция "Север") was the code name which was assigned by the USSR Ministry of State Security to the massive deportation of Jehovah's Witnesses and their families to Siberia in the Soviet Union on 1 and 8 April 1951. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Operation North are forced migration in the Soviet Union and political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Osadnik

Osadniks (osadnik/osadnicy, "settler/settlers, colonist/colonists") were veterans of the Polish Army and civilians who were given or sold state land in the Kresy (current Western Belarus and Western Ukraine) territory ceded to Poland by Polish-Soviet Riga Peace Treaty of 1921 (and occupied by the Soviet Union in 1939 and ceded to it after World War II).

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Ostarbeiter

Ostarbeiter ("Eastern worker") was a Nazi German designation for foreign slave workers gathered from occupied Central and Eastern Europe to perform forced labor in Germany during World War II.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Passport system in the Soviet Union

The passport system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was an organisational framework of the single national civil registration system based upon identification documents, and managed in accordance with the laws by ministries and other governmental bodies authorised by the Constitution of the USSR in the sphere of internal affairs.

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Pavel Polian

Pavel Markovich Polian (Павел Маркович Полян; born 31 August 1952), pseudonym: Pavel Nerler, is a Russian geographer and historian, and Doctor of Geographical Sciences with the Institute of Geography (1998) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Penal labour

Penal labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour that prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour.

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Penal transportation

Penal transportation was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and penal transportation are forced migration.

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People's Commissariat

A People's Commissariat (narodnyy komissariat; Narkomat) was a structure in the Soviet state (in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in other union and autonomous republics, in the Soviet Union) from 1917–1946 which functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy; analogue of the ministry.

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Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union

Throughout the history of the Soviet Union (1917–1991), there were periods when Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on state interests.

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Polish government-in-exile

The Polish government-in-exile, officially known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.

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Politburo

A politburo or political bureau is the highest political organ of the central committee in communist parties.

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Political repression in the Soviet Union

Throughout the history of the Soviet Union, tens of millions of people suffered political repression, which was an instrument of the state since the October Revolution.

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Population transfer in the Soviet Union

From 1930 to 1952, the government of the Soviet Union, on the orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin under the direction of the NKVD official Lavrentiy Beria, forcibly transferred populations of various groups. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and population transfer in the Soviet Union are deportation, forced migration in the Soviet Union and political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Propiska in the Soviet Union

A propiska (a, plural: propiski) was both a written residency permit and a migration-recording tool, used in the Russian Empire before 1917 and in the Soviet Union from the 1930s.

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Religious persecution

Religious persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or a group of individuals as a response to their religious beliefs or affiliations or their lack thereof.

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Romani people

The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani and colloquially known as the Roma (Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.

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Romanians

Romanians (români,; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a common culture and ancestry, they speak the Romanian language and live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2021 Romanian census found that 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Russian Far East

The Russian Far East (p) is a region in North Asia.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.

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Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

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Selsoviet

A selsoviet (sieł'saviet; sel'sovet,; sil'rada) is the shortened name for a rural council (се́льскi саве́т; се́льский сове́т; сільська́ ра́да) and for the area governed by such a council (soviet).

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Serfdom

Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems.

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Siberia

Siberia (Sibir') is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.

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Social parasitism was considered a political crime in the Soviet Union, where individuals accused of living off the efforts of others or society were prosecuted.

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Soviet Army

The Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union (Sovetskiye sukhoputnye voyska) was the land warfare service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1946 to 1992.

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Soviet Central Asia

Soviet Central Asia (Sovetskaya Srednyaya Aziya) was the part of Central Asia administered by the Soviet Union between 1918 and 1991, when the Central Asian republics declared independence.

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Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

The Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina took place between late 1940 and 1951 and were part of Joseph Stalin's policy of political repression of the potential opposition to the Soviet power (see Population transfer in the Soviet Union). Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina are deportation and political repression in the Soviet Union.

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Soviet grain procurement crisis of 1928

The Soviet grain procurement crisis of 1928, sometimes referred to as "the crisis of NEP," was a pivotal economic event which took place in the Soviet Union beginning in January 1928 during which the quantities of wheat, rye, and other cereal crops made available for purchase by the state fell to levels regarded by planners as inadequate to support the needs of the country's urban population.

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Special settlements in the Soviet Union

Special settlements in the Soviet Union were the result of population transfers and were performed in a series of operations organized according to social class or nationality of the deported. Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Special settlements in the Soviet Union are deportation, forced migration, forced migration in the Soviet Union, history of Siberia, Poland–Soviet Union relations, political repression in the Soviet Union, settlement schemes in the Soviet Union and unfree labor in the Soviet Union.

See Special settlements in the Soviet Union and Special settlements in the Soviet Union

Swedes

Swedes (svenskar) are an ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, in particular Finland where they are an officially recognized minority, with Swedish being one of the official languages of the country, and with a substantial diaspora in other countries, especially the United States.

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Tomsk

Tomsk (Томск,; Түң-тора) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, located on the Tom River.

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True and Free Seventh-day Adventists

The True and Free Seventh-day Adventists (TFSDA) are a splinter group formed as the result of a schism within the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Europe during World War I over the position its European church leaders took, whose most well known leader was Vladimir Shelkov.

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True Orthodox church

True Orthodox church, True Orthodox Christians, True Orthodoxy or Genuine Orthodoxy, often pejoratively "Zealotry", are groups of traditionalist Eastern Orthodox churches which since the 1920s have severed communion with the mainstream Eastern Orthodox churches for various reasons, such as calendar reform, the involvement of mainstream Eastern Orthodox Churches in ecumenism, or the refusal to submit to the authority of mainstream Eastern Orthodox churches.

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Tselina

Tselina or virgin lands is an umbrella term for underdeveloped, scarcely populated, high-fertility lands often covered with the chernozem soil.

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Ukase

In Imperial Russia, a ukase or ukaz (указ) was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainska Radianska Sotsialistychna Respublika; Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991.

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Volga Germans

The Volga Germans (Wolgadeutsche,; povolzhskiye nemtsy) are ethnic Germans who settled and historically lived along the Volga River in the region of southeastern European Russia around Saratov and close to Ukraine nearer to the south.

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Western Siberia

Western Siberia or West Siberia (Zapadnaya Sibir'; Батыс Сібір) is a region in North Asia.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Young Pioneers (Soviet Union)

The Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization, abbreviated as the Young Pioneers, was a compulsory youth organization of the Soviet Union for children and adolescents ages 9–14 that existed between 1922 and 1991.

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Zhonghua minzu

Zhonghua minzu is a political term in modern Chinese nationalism related to the concepts of nation-building, ethnicity, and race in the Chinese nationality.

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101st kilometre

The 101st kilometre (101-й километр, sto pervyy kilometr) is a colloquial phrase for restrictions on freedom of movement in the Soviet Union.

See Special settlements in the Soviet Union and 101st kilometre

See also

Forced migration in the Soviet Union

Settlement schemes in the Soviet Union

Unfree labor in the Soviet Union

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_settlements_in_the_Soviet_Union

Also known as Ethnic policies of the Soviet Union, Exile settlement, Forced settlements in the Soviet Union, Free settlement, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union, Involuntary settlements in the USSR, Labor settlement, Special exile, Special settlement (Soviet), Special settler, Ukaznik.

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