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Spermatozoon, the Glossary

A spermatozoon (also spelled spermatozoön;: spermatozoa) is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.^[1]

116 relations: Acrosome, Acrosome reaction, Albert von Kölliker, Alkylation, Androgen deficiency, Aneuploidy, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Apoptosis, Arbacia punctulata, Artificial insemination, Aspermia, Assisted reproductive technology, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Blood–testis barrier, Bryophyte, Calcium, Capacitation, Carbon dioxide, Cation channels of sperm, Cell (biology), Centriole, Chemotaxis, Chromatin, Chromosome, Cloaca, Copulation (zoology), Cumulus oophorus, Cytoplasm, DNA, DNA fragmentation, Drosophila bifurca, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophilidae, Egg cell, Ejaculation, Ejaculatory duct, Embryo, Eukaryote, Extracellular fluid, Fallopian tube, Female, Fern, Fertilisation, Fibrinogen, Fibrinolysin, Flowering plant, Formyl peptide receptor, Gamete, Gametophyte, Gene, ... Expand index (66 more) »
Germ cells
Semen

Acrosome

The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior (front) half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of humans, and many other animals.

See Spermatozoon and Acrosome

Acrosome reaction

For fertilization to happen between a sperm and egg cell, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then penetrate the female egg cell to fertilize it.

See Spermatozoon and Acrosome reaction

Albert von Kölliker

Albert von Kölliker (born Rudolf Albert Kölliker; 6 July 1817 – 2 November 1905) was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and histologist.

See Spermatozoon and Albert von Kölliker

Alkylation

Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group.

See Spermatozoon and Alkylation

Androgen deficiency

Androgen deficiency is a medical condition characterized by insufficient androgenic activity in the body.

See Spermatozoon and Androgen deficiency

Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.

See Spermatozoon and Aneuploidy

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

See Spermatozoon and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.

See Spermatozoon and Apoptosis

Arbacia punctulata

The Atlantic purple sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) is a species of sea urchins from the family Arbaciidae, native to the Atlantic Ocean.

See Spermatozoon and Arbacia punctulata

Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse. Spermatozoon and Artificial insemination are semen.

See Spermatozoon and Artificial insemination

Aspermia

Aspermia is the complete lack of semen with ejaculation (not to be confused with azoospermia, the lack of sperm cells in the semen).

See Spermatozoon and Aspermia

Assisted reproductive technology

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility.

See Spermatozoon and Assisted reproductive technology

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. Spermatozoon and Benign prostatic hyperplasia are Men's health.

See Spermatozoon and Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Blood–testis barrier

The blood–testis barrier is a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules of the animal testes.

See Spermatozoon and Blood–testis barrier

Bryophyte

Bryophytes are a group of land plants, sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.

See Spermatozoon and Bryophyte

Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

See Spermatozoon and Calcium

Capacitation

Capacitation is the penultimate step in the maturation of mammalian spermatozoa and is required to render them competent to fertilize an oocyte. Spermatozoon and Capacitation are germ cells.

See Spermatozoon and Capacitation

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

See Spermatozoon and Carbon dioxide

Cation channels of sperm

The cation channels of sperm also known as Catsper channels or CatSper, are ion channels that are related to the two-pore channels and distantly related to TRP channels.

See Spermatozoon and Cation channels of sperm

Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

See Spermatozoon and Cell (biology)

Centriole

In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin.

See Spermatozoon and Centriole

Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus.

See Spermatozoon and Chemotaxis

Chromatin

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.

See Spermatozoon and Chromatin

Chromosome

A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.

See Spermatozoon and Chromosome

Cloaca

A cloaca,: cloacae, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals.

See Spermatozoon and Cloaca

Copulation (zoology)

In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into her reproductive tract.

See Spermatozoon and Copulation (zoology)

Cumulus oophorus

The cumulus oophorus (discus proligerus) is a cluster of cells that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation.

See Spermatozoon and Cumulus oophorus

Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.

See Spermatozoon and Cytoplasm

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

See Spermatozoon and DNA

DNA fragmentation

DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands into pieces.

See Spermatozoon and DNA fragmentation

Drosophila bifurca

Drosophila bifurca is a species of fruit fly.

See Spermatozoon and Drosophila bifurca

Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (an insect of the order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.

See Spermatozoon and Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophilidae

The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies.

See Spermatozoon and Drosophilidae

Egg cell

The egg cell or ovum (ova) is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, female gamete and a smaller, male one). Spermatozoon and egg cell are germ cells.

See Spermatozoon and Egg cell

Ejaculation

Ejaculation is the discharge of semen (the ejaculate; normally containing sperm) through the urethra in men. Spermatozoon and Ejaculation are fertility, Men's health and semen.

See Spermatozoon and Ejaculation

Ejaculatory duct

The ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in the male reproductive system.

See Spermatozoon and Ejaculatory duct

Embryo

An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.

See Spermatozoon and Embryo

Eukaryote

The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

See Spermatozoon and Eukaryote

In cell biology, extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism.

See Spermatozoon and Extracellular fluid

Fallopian tube

The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes, oviducts or salpinges (salpinx), are paired tubes in the human female body that stretch from the ovaries to the uterus.

See Spermatozoon and Fallopian tube

Female

An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

See Spermatozoon and Female

Fern

The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

See Spermatozoon and Fern

Fertilisation

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. Spermatozoon and fertilisation are fertility.

See Spermatozoon and Fertilisation

Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I) is a glycoprotein complex, produced in the liver, that circulates in the blood of all vertebrates.

See Spermatozoon and Fibrinogen

Fibrinolysin

Fibrinolysin is an enzyme derived from plasma of bovine origin (plasmin) or extracted from cultures of certain bacteria.

See Spermatozoon and Fibrinolysin

Flowering plant

Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae, commonly called angiosperms.

See Spermatozoon and Flowering plant

Formyl peptide receptor

The formyl peptide receptors (FPR) belong to a class of G protein-coupled receptors involved in chemotaxis.

See Spermatozoon and Formyl peptide receptor

Gamete

A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Spermatozoon and gamete are germ cells.

See Spermatozoon and Gamete

Gametophyte

A gametophyte is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae.

See Spermatozoon and Gametophyte

Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings.

See Spermatozoon and Gene

Genotoxicity

Genotoxicity is the property of chemical agents that damage the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.

See Spermatozoon and Genotoxicity

Glycoprotein

Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide (sugar) chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.

See Spermatozoon and Glycoprotein

Gymnosperm

The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae.

See Spermatozoon and Gymnosperm

Host (biology)

In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont).

See Spermatozoon and Host (biology)

Human evolution

Human evolution is the evolutionary process within the history of primates that led to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family that includes all the great apes.

See Spermatozoon and Human evolution

Human fertilization

Human fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm, occurring primarily in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. Spermatozoon and Human fertilization are fertility.

See Spermatozoon and Human fertilization

Hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid (abbreviated HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.

See Spermatozoon and Hyaluronic acid

Hyperspermia

In medicine, hyperspermia is a condition in which a male has an abnormally large amount of semen or ejaculate volume and is generally defined when the ejaculate is above 7 mL. Spermatozoon and hyperspermia are semen.

See Spermatozoon and Hyperspermia

Hypospermia

Hypospermia is a condition in which a man has an unusually low ejaculate (or semen) volume, less than 1.5 mL.

See Spermatozoon and Hypospermia

In vitro

In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.

See Spermatozoon and In vitro

In vitro fertilisation

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). Spermatozoon and in vitro fertilisation are fertility.

See Spermatozoon and In vitro fertilisation

Infertility

Infertility is the inability of an animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.

See Spermatozoon and Infertility

Insemination

Insemination is the introduction of sperm into a female's reproductive system in order to fertilize the female for sexual reproduction. Spermatozoon and Insemination are semen.

See Spermatozoon and Insemination

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg.

See Spermatozoon and Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Ion channel

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.

See Spermatozoon and Ion channel

Ionophore

In chemistry, an ionophore is a chemical species that reversibly binds ions.

See Spermatozoon and Ionophore

Male

Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation.

See Spermatozoon and Male

Male infertility

Male infertility refers to a sexually mature male's inability to impregnate a fertile female. Spermatozoon and male infertility are fertility.

See Spermatozoon and Male infertility

Marsupial

Marsupials are a diverse group of mammals belonging to the infraclass Marsupialia.

See Spermatozoon and Marsupial

Meiosis

Meiosis ((since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid).

See Spermatozoon and Meiosis

Melphalan

Melphalan, sold under the brand name Alkeran among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat multiple myeloma; malignant lymphoma; lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia; childhood neuroblastoma; ovarian cancer; mammary adenocarcinoma; and uveal melanoma.

See Spermatozoon and Melphalan

Messenger RNA

In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.

See Spermatozoon and Messenger RNA

Micrograph

A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object.

See Spermatozoon and Micrograph

Micrometre

The micrometre (Commonwealth English) as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-".

See Spermatozoon and Micrometre

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

See Spermatozoon and Mitochondrial DNA

Mitosis

Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

See Spermatozoon and Mitosis

Model organism

A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.

See Spermatozoon and Model organism

Motility

Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.

See Spermatozoon and Motility

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis).

See Spermatozoon and Nondisjunction

Oocyte

An oocyte, oöcyte, or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction. Spermatozoon and oocyte are germ cells.

See Spermatozoon and Oocyte

Oocyte activation

Oocyte (or ovum/egg) activation is a series of processes that occur in the oocyte during fertilization.

See Spermatozoon and Oocyte activation

Oviduct

The oviduct in vertebrates is the passageway from an ovary.

See Spermatozoon and Oviduct

Placentalia

Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia.

See Spermatozoon and Placentalia

Ploidy

Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.

See Spermatozoon and Ploidy

Pollen

Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

See Spermatozoon and Pollen

Pollen tube

A pollen tube is a tubular structure produced by the male gametophyte of seed plants when it germinates.

See Spermatozoon and Pollen tube

Polyploidy

Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than one pair of (homologous) chromosomes.

See Spermatozoon and Polyploidy

Polyspermy

In biology, polyspermy describes the fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm.

See Spermatozoon and Polyspermy

Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

See Spermatozoon and Progesterone

Prostate

The prostate is both an accessory gland of the male reproductive system and a muscle-driven mechanical switch between urination and ejaculation.

See Spermatozoon and Prostate

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

See Spermatozoon and Protein

Reproductive system

The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Spermatozoon and reproductive system are fertility.

See Spermatozoon and Reproductive system

Retrograde ejaculation

Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen which would be ejaculated via the urethra is redirected to the urinary bladder.

See Spermatozoon and Retrograde ejaculation

Sea urchin

Sea urchins or urchins, alternatively known as sea hedgehogs, are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.

See Spermatozoon and Sea urchin

Semen

Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is a bodily fluid that contains spermatozoa. Spermatozoon and Semen are Men's health.

See Spermatozoon and Semen

Semen analysis

A semen analysis (plural: semen analyses), also called seminogram or spermiogram, evaluates certain characteristics of a male's semen and the sperm contained therein. Spermatozoon and semen analysis are semen.

See Spermatozoon and Semen analysis

Semen cryopreservation

Semen cryopreservation (commonly called sperm banking or sperm freezing) is a procedure to preserve sperm cells. Spermatozoon and Semen cryopreservation are semen.

See Spermatozoon and Semen cryopreservation

Semen quality

Semen quality is a measure of male fertility, a measure of the ability of sperm in semen to accomplish fertilization. Spermatozoon and semen quality are semen.

See Spermatozoon and Semen quality

Seminal vesicles

The seminal vesicles (also called vesicular glands or seminal glands) are a pair of convoluted tubular accessory glands that lie behind the urinary bladder of male mammals. Spermatozoon and seminal vesicles are Men's health.

See Spermatozoon and Seminal vesicles

Seminiferous tubule

Seminiferous tubules are located within the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of male gametes, namely spermatozoa.

See Spermatozoon and Seminiferous tubule

Sertoli cell

Sertoli cells are a type of sustentacular "nurse" cell found in human testes which contribute to the process of spermatogenesis (the production of sperm) as a structural component of the seminiferous tubules. Spermatozoon and Sertoli cell are human cells.

See Spermatozoon and Sertoli cell

Sex

Sex is the biological trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes.

See Spermatozoon and Sex

Somatic cell

In cellular biology, a somatic cell, or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.

See Spermatozoon and Somatic cell

Sperm

Sperm (sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one). Spermatozoon and sperm are fertility, germ cells and semen.

See Spermatozoon and Sperm

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon

Also known as Antheerozooid, Human Sperm, Sperm cells, Sperm tail, Spermatazoa, Spermatazoon, Spermatozoä, Spermatozoae, Spermatozoan, Spermatozoid, Spermatozooen, Spermatozoons, Spermotozoa.

, Genotoxicity, Glycoprotein, Gymnosperm, Host (biology), Human evolution, Human fertilization, Hyaluronic acid, Hyperspermia, Hypospermia, In vitro, In vitro fertilisation, Infertility, Insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Ion channel, Ionophore, Male, Male infertility, Marsupial, Meiosis, Melphalan, Messenger RNA, Micrograph, Micrometre, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitosis, Model organism, Motility, Nondisjunction, Oocyte, Oocyte activation, Oviduct, Placentalia, Ploidy, Pollen, Pollen tube, Polyploidy, Polyspermy, Progesterone, Prostate, Protein, Reproductive system, Retrograde ejaculation, Sea urchin, Semen, Semen analysis, Semen cryopreservation, Semen quality, Seminal vesicles, Seminiferous tubule, Sertoli cell, Sex, Somatic cell, Sperm, Spermatogenesis, Spermatogonium, Testicle, Vagina, Water, Wood mouse, X chromosome, Y chromosome, Zona pellucida, ZP3, Zygote, 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine.

Spermatozoon, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Germ cells

Semen

References