Sphere of influence, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 219 relations: Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Alexander Hamilton, Alexandr Vondra, Alliance, Allied-occupied Germany, Allies of World War II, America's Backyard, Americas, Angela Merkel, Anglo-Russian Convention, Anglosphere, Arab world, Asia, Axis powers, Balance of power (international relations), Baltic states, Bessarabia, Boris Yeltsin, British Empire, Buffer state, Bukovina, Business, Carl Bildt, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Central Europe, Century of humiliation, Chao Phraya River, China, China Consortium, Cold War, Cold War (1985–1991), Colony, Commonwealth of Independent States, Concessions and leases in international relations, Convention of Lhasa, Cuba, Cuban Missile Crisis, Cultural area, Culture, De facto, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dynasty, East Germany, East Prussia, Eastern Bloc, Eastern Europe, Eastern Partnership, Economy, Embrace, extend, and extinguish, ... Expand index (169 more) »

2. Spheres of influence

Adam Daniel Rotfeld

Adam Daniel Rotfeld (Polish pronunciation:; born 4 March 1938) is a Polish researcher, diplomat, and former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland from 5 January 2005 until 31 October 2005 when a change of government took place.

See Sphere of influence and Adam Daniel Rotfeld

Aleksander Kwaśniewski

Aleksander Kwaśniewski (born 15 November 1954) is a Polish politician and journalist.

See Sphere of influence and Aleksander Kwaśniewski

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755, or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 during George Washington's presidency.

See Sphere of influence and Alexander Hamilton

Alexandr Vondra

Alexandr Vondra (born 17 August 1961) is a Czech politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic from 2010 to 2012 under Prime Minister Petr Nečas and has been Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019.

See Sphere of influence and Alexandr Vondra

Alliance

An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them.

See Sphere of influence and Alliance

Allied-occupied Germany

The entirety of Germany was occupied and administered by the Allies of World War II from the Berlin Declaration on 5 June 1945 to the establishment of West Germany on 23 May 1949.

See Sphere of influence and Allied-occupied Germany

Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

See Sphere of influence and Allies of World War II

America's Backyard

America's backyard is a concept often used in political science and international relations contexts to refer to the sphere of influence of the United States, the USA's traditional areas of dominance, especially Latin America.

See Sphere of influence and America's Backyard

Americas

The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.

See Sphere of influence and Americas

Angela Merkel

Angela Dorothea Merkel (born 17 July 1954) is a German retired politician who served as Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021 and was the first woman to hold that office.

See Sphere of influence and Angela Merkel

Anglo-Russian Convention

The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (g.), or Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet (Конвенция между Соединенным Королевством и Россией относительно Персии, Афганистана, и Тибета; Konventsiya mezhdu Soyedinennym Korolevstvom i Rossiyey otnositel'no Persii, Afghanistana, i Tibeta), was signed on August 31, 1907, in Saint Petersburg.

See Sphere of influence and Anglo-Russian Convention

Anglosphere

The Anglosphere is the Anglo-American sphere of influence, with a core group of nations that today maintain close political, diplomatic and military co-operation. Sphere of influence and Anglosphere are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Anglosphere

Arab world

The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.

See Sphere of influence and Arab world

Asia

Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.

See Sphere of influence and Asia

Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

See Sphere of influence and Axis powers

Balance of power (international relations)

The balance of power theory in international relations suggests that states may secure their survival by preventing any one state from gaining enough military power to dominate all others. Sphere of influence and balance of power (international relations) are international relations theory.

See Sphere of influence and Balance of power (international relations)

Baltic states

The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

See Sphere of influence and Baltic states

Bessarabia

Bessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.

See Sphere of influence and Bessarabia

Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Борис Николаевич Ельцин,; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999.

See Sphere of influence and Boris Yeltsin

British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

See Sphere of influence and British Empire

Buffer state

A buffer state is a country geographically lying between two rival or potentially hostile great powers. Sphere of influence and buffer state are geopolitics.

See Sphere of influence and Buffer state

Bukovina

BukovinaBukowina or Buchenland; Bukovina; Bukowina; Bucovina; Bukovyna; see also other languages.

See Sphere of influence and Bukovina

Business

Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services).

See Sphere of influence and Business

Carl Bildt

Nils Daniel Carl Bildt (born 15 July 1949) is a Swedish politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994.

See Sphere of influence and Carl Bildt

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a nonpartisan international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., with operations in Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East as well as the United States.

See Sphere of influence and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Central Europe

Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.

See Sphere of influence and Central Europe

Century of humiliation

The century of humiliation (百年国耻) was a period in Chinese history beginning with the First Opium War (1839–1842), and ending in 1945 with China (then the Republic of China) emerging out of the Second World War as one of the Big Four and established as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, or alternately, ending in 1949 with the founding of the People's Republic of China.

See Sphere of influence and Century of humiliation

Chao Phraya River

The Chao Phraya (or; แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา,, or) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country.

See Sphere of influence and Chao Phraya River

China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

See Sphere of influence and China

China Consortium

The China Consortium, also referred to as banking consortium or financial consortium or four-, five-, or six-power consortium depending on context, refers to two successive cooperative arrangements formed by foreign banks under their respective governments' directions in the early 20th century, to coordinate lending to the Chinese government.

See Sphere of influence and China Consortium

Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

See Sphere of influence and Cold War

Cold War (1985–1991)

The time period of around 1985–1991 marked the final period of the Cold War.

See Sphere of influence and Cold War (1985–1991)

Colony

A colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule.

See Sphere of influence and Colony

Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia.

See Sphere of influence and Commonwealth of Independent States

Concessions and leases in international relations

In international relations, a concession is a "synallagmatic act by which a State transfers the exercise of rights or functions proper to itself to a foreign private test which, in turn, participates in the performance of public functions and thus gains a privileged position vis-a-vis other private law subjects within the jurisdiction of the State concerned." International concessions are not defined in international law and do not generally fall under it.

See Sphere of influence and Concessions and leases in international relations

Convention of Lhasa

The Convention of Lhasa, officially the Convention Between Great Britain and Thibet, was a treaty signed in 1904 between Tibet and Great Britain, in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, then a protectorate of the Qing dynasty.

See Sphere of influence and Convention of Lhasa

Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.

See Sphere of influence and Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba.

See Sphere of influence and Cuban Missile Crisis

Cultural area

In anthropology and geography, a cultural area, cultural region, cultural sphere, or culture area refers to a geography with one relatively homogeneous human activity or complex of activities (culture).

See Sphere of influence and Cultural area

Culture

Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.

See Sphere of influence and Culture

De facto

De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.

See Sphere of influence and De facto

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

See Sphere of influence and Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Dynasty

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,Oxford English Dictionary, "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.

See Sphere of influence and Dynasty

East Germany

East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990.

See Sphere of influence and East Germany

East Prussia

East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.

See Sphere of influence and East Prussia

Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991). Sphere of influence and Eastern Bloc are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Eastern Bloc

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

See Sphere of influence and Eastern Europe

Eastern Partnership

The Eastern Partnership (EaP) is a joint initiative of the European Union, together with its member states, and six Eastern European countries.

See Sphere of influence and Eastern Partnership

Economy

An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services.

See Sphere of influence and Economy

Embrace, extend, and extinguish

"Embrace, extend, and extinguish" (EEE), also known as "embrace, extend, and exterminate", is a phrase that the U.S. Department of Justice found was used internally by Microsoft to describe its strategy for entering product categories involving widely used open standards, extending those standards with proprietary capabilities, and using the differences to strongly disadvantage its competitors. Sphere of influence and Embrace, extend, and extinguish are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Embrace, extend, and extinguish

Emil Constantinescu

Emil Constantinescu (born 19 November 1939) is a Romanian professor and politician, who served as the President of Romania, from 1996 to 2000.

See Sphere of influence and Emil Constantinescu

Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan, also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947.

See Sphere of influence and Empire of Japan

English-speaking world

The English-speaking world comprises the 88 countries and territories in which English is an official, administrative, or cultural language.

See Sphere of influence and English-speaking world

Estonia

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.

See Sphere of influence and Estonia

EUobserver

EUobserver is a European online newspaper, launched in 2000 by the Brussels-based organisation EUobserver.com ASBL.

See Sphere of influence and EUobserver

Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

See Sphere of influence and Europe

Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory

Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory is a history book about World War II in Europe, written by the English historian Norman Davies and first published by Macmillan in 2006.

See Sphere of influence and Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory

European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

See Sphere of influence and European Union

Eurosphere

The Eurosphere or the European Empire is a concept centered around the European Union's sphere of influence, a term associated with the public intellectual Mark Leonard, Oxford University academic Jan Zielonka,Zielonka, J. (2006), Europe as Empire, Oxford University Press: Oxford. Sphere of influence and Eurosphere are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Eurosphere

Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

See Sphere of influence and Finland

Françafrique

In international relations, Françafrique is France's sphere of influence (or pré carré in French, meaning 'backyard') over former French and (also French-speaking) Belgian colonies in sub-Saharan Africa.

See Sphere of influence and Françafrique

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See Sphere of influence and France

Francophonie

The Francophonie or Francophone world is the whole body of people and organisations around the world who use the French language regularly for private or public purposes.

See Sphere of influence and Francophonie

French colonial empire

The French colonial empire comprised the overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward.

See Sphere of influence and French colonial empire

French Fourth Republic

The French Fourth Republic (Quatrième république française) was the republican government of France from 27 October 1946 to 4 October 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution of 13 October 1946.

See Sphere of influence and French Fourth Republic

French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

See Sphere of influence and French Third Republic

Fujian

Fujian is a province on the southeastern coast of China.

See Sphere of influence and Fujian

Gazeta Wyborcza

(The Electoral Gazette in English) is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland.

See Sphere of influence and Gazeta Wyborcza

Geopolitics

Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations. Sphere of influence and Geopolitics are international relations theory.

See Sphere of influence and Geopolitics

Geostrategy in Central Asia

Central Asia has long been a geostrategic location because of its proximity to the interests of several great powers and regional powers. Sphere of influence and geostrategy in Central Asia are geopolitics.

See Sphere of influence and Geostrategy in Central Asia

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

See Sphere of influence and German Empire

Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

See Sphere of influence and Germany

Gilded Age

In United States history, the Gilded Age is described as the period from about the late 1870s to the late 1890s, which occurred between the Reconstruction Era and the Progressive Era.

See Sphere of influence and Gilded Age

Government of Russia

The government of Russia (Pravitelstvo Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the federal executive body of state power of the Russian Federation.

See Sphere of influence and Government of Russia

Government of the Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) was the last imperial dynasty of China.

See Sphere of influence and Government of the Qing dynasty

Great Game

The Great Game was a rivalry between the 19th-century British and Russian empires over influence in Central Asia, primarily in Afghanistan, Persia, and Tibet.

See Sphere of influence and Great Game

Great power

A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Sphere of influence and great power are international relations theory.

See Sphere of influence and Great power

Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China (literally "ten thousand ''li'' long wall") is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe.

See Sphere of influence and Great Wall of China

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

The, also known as the GEACPS, was a pan-Asian union that the Empire of Japan tried to establish. Sphere of influence and Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Greater India

Greater India, also known as the Indian cultural sphere, or the Indic world, is an area composed of several countries and regions in South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia that were historically influenced by Indian culture, which itself formed from the various distinct indigenous cultures of South Asia.

See Sphere of influence and Greater India

Greater Iran

Greater Iran or Greater Persia (ایران بزرگ), also called the Iranosphere or the Persosphere, is an expression that denotes a wide socio-cultural region comprising parts of West Asia, the South Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and East Asia (specifically Xinjiang)—all of which have been affected, to some degree, by the Iranian peoples and the Iranian languages.

See Sphere of influence and Greater Iran

Guangxi

Guangxi, officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, and Quảng Ninh Provinces) and the Gulf of Tonkin.

See Sphere of influence and Guangxi

Gulf of Thailand

The Gulf of Thailand, also known as the Gulf of Siam, is a shallow inlet in the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of the Indochinese Peninsula and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula.

See Sphere of influence and Gulf of Thailand

Heilongjiang

Heilongjiang is a province in northeast China.

See Sphere of influence and Heilongjiang

Helsinki Accords

The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between 30 July and 1 August 1975, following two years of negotiations known as the Helsinki Process.

See Sphere of influence and Helsinki Accords

Henan

Henan is an inland province of China.

See Sphere of influence and Henan

Hispanidad

Hispanidad (typically translated as "Hispanicity") is a Spanish term describing a shared cultural, linguistic, or political identity among speakers of the Spanish language or members of the Hispanic diaspora.

See Sphere of influence and Hispanidad

Hispanophone

Hispanophone refers to anything related to the Spanish language.

See Sphere of influence and Hispanophone

Indosphere

Indosphere is a term coined by the linguist James Matisoff for areas of Indian linguistic influence in the neighboring Southern Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian regions. Sphere of influence and Indosphere are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Indosphere

Informal empire

The term informal empire describes the spheres of influence which a polity may develop that translate into a degree of influence over a region or country, which is not a formal colony, protectorate, tributary or vassal state of empire, as a result of its commercial, strategic or military interests.

See Sphere of influence and Informal empire

International relations

International relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states.

See Sphere of influence and International relations

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

See Sphere of influence and Iran

Iron Curtain

During the Cold War, the Iron Curtain was a political metaphor used to describe the political and later physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

See Sphere of influence and Iron Curtain

Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

See Sphere of influence and Israel

István Gyarmati

István Gyarmati is a Hungarian political scientist.

See Sphere of influence and István Gyarmati

Ivan Krastev

Ivan Krastev (Иван Кръстев, born 1965 in Lukovit, Bulgaria), is a political scientist, the chairman of the Centre for Liberal Strategies in Sofia, permanent fellow at the IWM (Institute of Human Sciences) in Vienna, and 2013-4-17 Richard von Weizsäcker fellow at the Robert Bosch Stiftung in Berlin.

See Sphere of influence and Ivan Krastev

James Monroe

James Monroe (April 28, 1758July 4, 1831) was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825, a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.

See Sphere of influence and James Monroe

Janusz Onyszkiewicz

Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz (born 18 December 1937) is a Polish mathematician, alpinist, politicianEuropa Publications, "The International Who's Who 2004", Routledge, 2003, who served as Minister of Defence twice, in the cabinets of Hanna Suchocka (1992–1993) and Jerzy Buzek (1997–2000).

See Sphere of influence and Janusz Onyszkiewicz

Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

See Sphere of influence and Japan

János Martonyi

János Martonyi (born in Kolozsvár, Hungary (today Cluj-Napoca, Romania), 5 April 1944) is a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1998 to 2002 and from 2010 to 2014.

See Sphere of influence and János Martonyi

Jilin

Jilin is one of the three provinces of Northeast China.

See Sphere of influence and Jilin

John Hay

John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century.

See Sphere of influence and John Hay

Kadri Liik

Kadri Liik is an Estonian journalist and political analyst.

See Sphere of influence and Kadri Liik

Karel Schwarzenberg

Karel Schwarzenberg (10 December 1937 – 12 November 2023) was a Czech politician, diplomat and statesman who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2009 and then again between 2010 and 2013.

See Sphere of influence and Karel Schwarzenberg

Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.

See Sphere of influence and Kingdom of Italy

Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

See Sphere of influence and Kingdom of Romania

Korea

Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.

See Sphere of influence and Korea

Lansing–Ishii Agreement

The was a diplomatic note signed in Washington between the United States and Imperial Japan on 2 November 1917 over their disputes with regards to China.

See Sphere of influence and Lansing–Ishii Agreement

Laos

Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country and one of the two Marxist-Leninist states in Southeast Asia.

See Sphere of influence and Laos

Latin America

Latin America often refers to the regions in the Americas in which Romance languages are the main languages and the culture and Empires of its peoples have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural impact.

See Sphere of influence and Latin America

Latvia

Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

See Sphere of influence and Latvia

Lech Wałęsa

Lech Wałęsa (born 29 September 1943) is a Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, who served as the president of Poland between 1990 and 1995.

See Sphere of influence and Lech Wałęsa

Legacy of the Roman Empire

The legacy of the Roman Empire has been varied and significant.

See Sphere of influence and Legacy of the Roman Empire

Liaoning

Liaoning is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region.

See Sphere of influence and Liaoning

List of countries and territories where German is an official language

The following is a list of the countries and territories where German is an official language (also known as the Germanosphere).

See Sphere of influence and List of countries and territories where German is an official language

Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.

See Sphere of influence and Lithuania

Luboš Dobrovský

Luboš Dobrovský (born Luboš Hamerschlag, 3 February 1932 – 30 January 2020) was a Czech journalist and politician, who served as Czechoslovak Minister of Defence.

See Sphere of influence and Luboš Dobrovský

Malay world

The Malay world or Malay realm (Indonesian/Malay: Dunia Melayu or Alam Melayu) is a concept or an expression that has been used by different authors and groups over time to denote several different notions, derived from varied interpretations of 'Malay' either as an ethnic group, as a racial category, as a linguistic group or as a cultural group.

See Sphere of influence and Malay world

Mart Laar

Mart Laar (born 22 April 1960) is an Estonian politician and historian.

See Sphere of influence and Mart Laar

Martin Bútora

Martin Bútora (born 7 October 1944) is a Slovak sociologist, writer, university professor and diplomat.

See Sphere of influence and Martin Bútora

Mátyás Eörsi

Mátyás Eörsi (born 24 November 1954) is a Hungarian politician who was the leader of the liberal Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (ALDE-PACE) Group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE).

See Sphere of influence and Mátyás Eörsi

Michal Kováč

Michal Kováč (3 August 1930 – 5 October 2016) was the first president of Slovakia, having served from 1993 through 1998.

See Sphere of influence and Michal Kováč

Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington.

See Sphere of influence and Microsoft

Middle power

A middle power is a state that is not a superpower or a great power, but still exerts influence and plays a significant role in international relations. Sphere of influence and middle power are international relations theory.

See Sphere of influence and Middle power

Military

A military, also known collectively as an armed forces, are a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare.

See Sphere of influence and Military

The Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească,; Молдавська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка), shortened to Moldavian ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing the modern territory of Transnistria (today de jure in Moldova, but de facto functioning as an independent state; see Transnistria conflict) as well as much of the present-day Podilsk Raion of Ukraine.

See Sphere of influence and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR (Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ), also known as the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan SSR, Soviet Moldavia, Soviet Moldova, or simply Moldavia or Moldova, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991.

See Sphere of influence and Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.

See Sphere of influence and Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.

See Sphere of influence and Mongolia

Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine is a United States foreign policy position that opposes European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere. Sphere of influence and Monroe Doctrine are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Monroe Doctrine

Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.

See Sphere of influence and Muslim world

Narew

The Narew (translit; or) is a 499-kilometre (310 mi) river primarily in north-eastern Poland.

See Sphere of influence and Narew

Nation

A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity, a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society.

See Sphere of influence and Nation

National interest

The national interest is a sovereign state's goals and ambitions (economic, military, cultural, or otherwise), taken to be the aim of government.

See Sphere of influence and National interest

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

See Sphere of influence and NATO

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

See Sphere of influence and Nazi Germany

New World

The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.

See Sphere of influence and New World

North America

North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.

See Sphere of influence and North America

North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.

See Sphere of influence and North Korea

Northern Europe

The northern region of Europe has several definitions.

See Sphere of influence and Northern Europe

Oceania

Oceania is a geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

See Sphere of influence and Oceania

Open Door Policy

The Open Door Policy is the United States diplomatic policy established in the late 19th and early 20th century that called for a system of equal trade and investment and to guarantee the territorial integrity of Qing China.

See Sphere of influence and Open Door Policy

Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

See Sphere of influence and Operating system

Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

See Sphere of influence and Operation Barbarossa

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF; sometimes shortened to the Francophonie, La Francophonie, sometimes also called International Organisation of italic in English) is an international organization representing countries and regions where French is a lingua franca or customary language, where a significant proportion of the population are francophones (French speakers), or where there is a notable affiliation with French culture.

See Sphere of influence and Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.

See Sphere of influence and Pacific Ocean

Pan-Slavism

Pan-Slavism, a movement that took shape in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with promoting integrity and unity for the Slavic people.

See Sphere of influence and Pan-Slavism

Pan-Turkism

Pan-Turkism (Pan-Türkizm) or Turkism (or Türkizm|) is a political movement that emerged during the 1880s among Turkic intellectuals who lived in the Russian region of Kazan (Tatarstan), South Caucasus (modern-day Azerbaijan) and the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey), with its aim being the cultural and political unification of all Turkic peoples.

See Sphere of influence and Pan-Turkism

Paris Charter

The Charter of Paris for a New Europe (also known as the Paris Charter) was adopted by a summit meeting of most European governments in addition to those of Canada, the United States and the Soviet Union, in Paris from 19–21 November 1990.

See Sphere of influence and Paris Charter

Pavol Demeš

Pavol Demeš (born 8 January 1956) is a Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund's Bratislava office, who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Slovakia from 1991 to 1992.

See Sphere of influence and Pavol Demeš

Politics

Politics is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status.

See Sphere of influence and Politics

Portuguese-speaking world

The Portuguese-speaking world, also known as the Lusophone World (Mundo Lusófono), comprises the countries and territories in which the Portuguese language is an official, administrative, cultural, or secondary language.

See Sphere of influence and Portuguese-speaking world

Post-Soviet states

The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

See Sphere of influence and Post-Soviet states

Power (international relations)

In international relations, power is defined in several different ways.

See Sphere of influence and Power (international relations)

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is an American government-funded international media organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analyses to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.

See Sphere of influence and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Rastislav Káčer

Rastislav Káčer (born 9 July 1965 in Nová Baňa) is a Slovak diplomat, former ambassador of Slovakia to US, Hungary and the Czech Republic.

See Sphere of influence and Rastislav Káčer

Rex Tillerson

Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American energy executive who served as the 69th United States secretary of state from 2017 to 2018 in the administration of Donald Trump.

See Sphere of influence and Rex Tillerson

Richard J. Jensen

Richard Joseph Jensen (born October 24, 1941) is an American historian and Wikipedia editor.

See Sphere of influence and Richard J. Jensen

Right of conquest

The right of conquest was historically a right of ownership to land after immediate possession via force of arms.

See Sphere of influence and Right of conquest

Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

See Sphere of influence and Russia

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

See Sphere of influence and Russian Empire

Russian world

The "Russian world" (translit) is a concept and a political doctrine usually defined as the sphere of military, political and cultural influence of Russia.

See Sphere of influence and Russian world

Russo-Georgian War

The 2008 Russo-Georgian WarThe war is known by a variety of other names, including Five-Day War, August War and Russian invasion of Georgia.

See Sphere of influence and Russo-Georgian War

San (river)

The San (San; Сян Sian; Saan) is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine.

See Sphere of influence and San (river)

Sandra Kalniete

Sandra Kalniete (born 22 December 1952) is a Latvian politician, author, diplomat and independence movement leader.

See Sphere of influence and Sandra Kalniete

Satellite state

A satellite state or dependent state is a country that is formally independent but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country.

See Sphere of influence and Satellite state

Scramble for China

The Scramble for China, also known as the Partition of China or the Scramble for Concessions, was a concept that existed during the late 1890s in Europe and the United States for the partitioning of China under the Qing dynasty as their own spheres of influence, during the era of "New Imperialism".

See Sphere of influence and Scramble for China

Second French Empire

The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was an Imperial Bonapartist regime, ruled by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third French Republics.

See Sphere of influence and Second French Empire

Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

See Sphere of influence and Second Polish Republic

Sergey Lavrov

Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (Сергей Викторович Лавров; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat who has served as the foreign minister of Russia since 2004.

See Sphere of influence and Sergey Lavrov

Shandong

Shandong is a coastal province in East China.

See Sphere of influence and Shandong

Sino-Soviet split

The Sino-Soviet split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War.

See Sphere of influence and Sino-Soviet split

Sinosphere

The Sinosphere, also known as the Chinese cultural sphere, East Asian cultural sphere, or the Sinic world, encompasses multiple countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia that were historically heavily influenced by Chinese culture. Sphere of influence and Sinosphere are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Sinosphere

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe.

See Sphere of influence and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Soft power

In politics (and particularly in international politics), soft power is the ability to co-opt rather than coerce (in contrast with hard power).

See Sphere of influence and Soft power

South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

See Sphere of influence and South Korea

South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; Việt Nam Cộng hòa; VNCH, République du Viêt Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam.

See Sphere of influence and South Vietnam

Southwestern China

Southwestern China is a region in the south of the People's Republic of China.

See Sphere of influence and Southwestern China

Soviet empire

The term "Soviet empire" collectively refers to the world's territories that the Soviet Union dominated politically, economically, and militarily.

See Sphere of influence and Soviet empire

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Sphere of influence and Soviet Union

Spanish–American War

The Spanish–American War (April 21 – December 10, 1898) began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.

See Sphere of influence and Spanish–American War

Sprachbund

A sprachbund (Sprachbund, lit. "language federation"), also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact.

See Sphere of influence and Sprachbund

Suez Canal

The Suez Canal (قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest of Egypt).

See Sphere of influence and Suez Canal

Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and as the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956.

See Sphere of influence and Suez Crisis

Superpower

Superpower describes a sovereign state or supranational union that holds a dominant position characterized by the ability to exert influence and project power on a global scale. Sphere of influence and Superpower are international relations theory.

See Sphere of influence and Superpower

Suzerainty

Suzerainty includes the rights and obligations of a person, state, or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state but allows the tributary state internal autonomy.

See Sphere of influence and Suzerainty

Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

See Sphere of influence and Taiwan

Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.

See Sphere of influence and Thailand

The Federalist Papers

The Federalist Papers is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the collective pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the Constitution of the United States.

See Sphere of influence and The Federalist Papers

Theresa May

Theresa Mary, Lady May (born 1 October 1956) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2016 to 2019.

See Sphere of influence and Theresa May

Tito–Stalin split

The Tito–Stalin split or the Soviet–Yugoslav split was the culmination of a conflict between the political leaderships of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, under Josip Broz Tito and Joseph Stalin, respectively, in the years following World War II.

See Sphere of influence and Tito–Stalin split

Trade

Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.

See Sphere of influence and Trade

Treaty

A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement concluded by sovereign states in international law.

See Sphere of influence and Treaty

Treaty ports

Treaty ports (条約港) were the port cities in China and Japan that were opened to foreign trade mainly by the unequal treaties forced upon them by Western powers, as well as cities in Korea opened up similarly by the Qing dynasty of China (before the First Sino-Japanese War) and the Empire of Japan.

See Sphere of influence and Treaty ports

Tributary state

A tributary state is a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power (the suzerain).

See Sphere of influence and Tributary state

Unequal treaties

The unequal treaties were a series of agreements made between Asian countries (including China and Korea) and foreign powers (including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States, Russia, and Japan) during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

See Sphere of influence and Unequal treaties

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

See Sphere of influence and United Kingdom

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.

See Sphere of influence and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See Sphere of influence and United States

United States Secretary of the Treasury

The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States.

See Sphere of influence and United States Secretary of the Treasury

Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga

Vaira Vike-Freiberga (born 1 December 1937) is a Latvian politician who served as the sixth President of Latvia from 1999 to 2007.

See Sphere of influence and Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga

Valdas Adamkus

Valdas Adamkus (born Voldemaras Adamkavičius; 3 November 1926) is a Lithuanian politician, diplomat and civil engineer who served as the fifth and seventh president of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009.

See Sphere of influence and Valdas Adamkus

Václav Havel

Václav Havel (5 October 193618 December 2011) was a Czech statesman, author, poet, playwright and dissident.

See Sphere of influence and Václav Havel

Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.

See Sphere of influence and Vietnam

Vistula

The Vistula (Wisła,, Weichsel) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length.

See Sphere of influence and Vistula

Wall Street

Wall Street is a street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City.

See Sphere of influence and Wall Street

Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.

See Sphere of influence and Warsaw Pact

West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

See Sphere of influence and West Germany

Western Bloc

The Western Bloc, also known as the Capitalist Bloc, is an informal, collective term for countries that were officially allied with the United States during the Cold War of 1947–1991. Sphere of influence and Western Bloc are spheres of influence.

See Sphere of influence and Western Bloc

Western Europe

Western Europe is the western region of Europe.

See Sphere of influence and Western Europe

Western world

The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.

See Sphere of influence and Western world

Wilhelm II

Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia.

See Sphere of influence and Wilhelm II

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Sphere of influence and World War II

Xinjiang

Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.

See Sphere of influence and Xinjiang

Yangtze

Yangtze or Yangzi is the longest river in Eurasia, the third-longest in the world.

See Sphere of influence and Yangtze

Yuan Shikai

Yuan Shikai (16 September 18596 June 1916) was a Chinese general and statesman who served as Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet, the second provisional president of the Republic of China, head of the Beiyang government from 1912 to 1916 and Emperor of China from 1915 to 1916.

See Sphere of influence and Yuan Shikai

Yunnan

Yunnan is an inland province in Southwestern China.

See Sphere of influence and Yunnan

Zhejiang

Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

See Sphere of influence and Zhejiang

2016 United States elections

The 2016 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.

See Sphere of influence and 2016 United States elections

See also

Spheres of influence

• Anglosphere
• Byzantine commonwealth
• Eastern Bloc
• Embrace, extend, and extinguish
• Eurasianism
• Eurosphere
• Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
• Indosphere
• Mitteleuropa
• Monroe Doctrine
• Sinosphere
• Sphere of influence
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Western Bloc
• Yugosphere

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_of_influence

Also known as International influence, Russian sphere of influence, Sphere of influence (international relations), Sphere of interest, Sphere-of-influence, Sphere-of-influence politics, Spheres of influence, Spheres of interest.

, Emil Constantinescu, Empire of Japan, English-speaking world, Estonia, EUobserver, Europe, Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory, European Union, Eurosphere, Finland, Françafrique, France, Francophonie, French colonial empire, French Fourth Republic, French Third Republic, Fujian, Gazeta Wyborcza, Geopolitics, Geostrategy in Central Asia, German Empire, Germany, Gilded Age, Government of Russia, Government of the Qing dynasty, Great Game, Great power, Great Wall of China, Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Greater India, Greater Iran, Guangxi, Gulf of Thailand, Heilongjiang, Helsinki Accords, Henan, Hispanidad, Hispanophone, Indosphere, Informal empire, International relations, Iran, Iron Curtain, Israel, István Gyarmati, Ivan Krastev, James Monroe, Janusz Onyszkiewicz, Japan, János Martonyi, Jilin, John Hay, Kadri Liik, Karel Schwarzenberg, Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Romania, Korea, Lansing–Ishii Agreement, Laos, Latin America, Latvia, Lech Wałęsa, Legacy of the Roman Empire, Liaoning, List of countries and territories where German is an official language, Lithuania, Luboš Dobrovský, Malay world, Mart Laar, Martin Bútora, Mátyás Eörsi, Michal Kováč, Microsoft, Middle power, Military, Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Mongolia, Monroe Doctrine, Muslim world, Narew, Nation, National interest, NATO, Nazi Germany, New World, North America, North Korea, Northern Europe, Oceania, Open Door Policy, Operating system, Operation Barbarossa, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Pacific Ocean, Pan-Slavism, Pan-Turkism, Paris Charter, Pavol Demeš, Politics, Portuguese-speaking world, Post-Soviet states, Power (international relations), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Rastislav Káčer, Rex Tillerson, Richard J. Jensen, Right of conquest, Russia, Russian Empire, Russian world, Russo-Georgian War, San (river), Sandra Kalniete, Satellite state, Scramble for China, Second French Empire, Second Polish Republic, Sergey Lavrov, Shandong, Sino-Soviet split, Sinosphere, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Soft power, South Korea, South Vietnam, Southwestern China, Soviet empire, Soviet Union, Spanish–American War, Sprachbund, Suez Canal, Suez Crisis, Superpower, Suzerainty, Taiwan, Thailand, The Federalist Papers, Theresa May, Tito–Stalin split, Trade, Treaty, Treaty ports, Tributary state, Unequal treaties, United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United States, United States Secretary of the Treasury, Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, Valdas Adamkus, Václav Havel, Vietnam, Vistula, Wall Street, Warsaw Pact, West Germany, Western Bloc, Western Europe, Western world, Wilhelm II, World War II, Xinjiang, Yangtze, Yuan Shikai, Yunnan, Zhejiang, 2016 United States elections.